rwp@1Timothy:1:3 @{As I exhorted} (\kaths parekalesa\). There is an ellipse of the principal clause in verse 4| ({so do I now} not being in the Greek). {To tarry} (\prosmeinai\). First aorist active infinitive of \prosmen\, old verb, attributed by Luke to Paul in kjv@Acts:13:43|. {That thou mightest charge} (\hina paraggeilis\). Subfinal clause with \hina\ and the first aorist active subjunctive of \paraggell\, old verb, to transmit a message along (\para\) from one to another. See kjv@2Thessalonians:3:4,6,10|. Lock considers this idiom here an elliptical imperative like kjv@Ephesians:4:29; 5:33|. {Certain men} (\tisin\). Dative case. Expressly vague (no names as in 1:20|), though Paul doubtless has certain persons in Ephesus in mind. {Not to teach a different doctrine} (\m heterodidaskalein\). Earliest known use of this compound like \kakodidaskalein\ of Clement of Rome. Only other N.T. example in 6:3|. Eusebius has \heterodidaskalos\. Same idea in kjv@Galatians:1:6; kjv@2Corinthians:11:4; kjv@Romans:16:17|. Perhaps coined by Paul.
rwp@1Timothy:1:4 @{To give heed} (\prosechein\). With \noun\ understood. Old and common idiom in N.T. especially in Luke and Acts (Acts:8:10ff.|). Not in Paul's earlier Epistles. kjv@1Timothy:3:8; 4:1,13; kjv@Titus:1:14|. {To fables} (\muthois\). Dative case of old word for speech, narrative, story, fiction, falsehood. In N.T. only kjv@2Peter:1:16; kjv@1Timothy:1:4; 4:7; kjv@Titus:1:14; kjv@2Timothy:4:4|. {Genealogies} (\genealogiais\). Dative of old word, in LXX, in N.T. only here and kjv@Titus:3:9|. {Endless} (\aperantois\). Old verbal compound (from \a\ privative and \perain\, to go through), in LXX, only here in N.T. Excellent examples there for old words used only in the Pastorals because of the subject matter, describing the Gnostic emphasis on aeons. {Questionings} (\ekztseis\). "Seekings out." Late and rare compound from \ekzte\ (itself _Koin_ word, kjv@Romans:3:11| from LXX and in papyri). Here only in N.T. Simplex \ztsis\ in kjv@Acts:15:2; kjv@1Timothy:6:4; kjv@Titus:3:9; kjv@2Timothy:2:23|. {A dispensation} (\oikonomian\). Pauline word (1Corinthians:9:17; kjv@Colossians:1:25; kjv@Ephesians:1:9; 3:9; kjv@1Timothy:1:4|), kjv@Luke:16:2-4| only other N.T. examples. {In faith} (\en pistei\). Pauline use of \pistis\.
rwp@1Timothy:1:5 @{The end} (\to telos\). See kjv@Romans:6:21; 10:4| for \telos\ (the good aimed at, reached, result, end). {Love} (\agap\). Not "questionings." kjv@Romans:13:9|. "Three conditions for the growth of love" (Parry): "Out of a pure heart" (\ek katharas kardias\, O.T. conception), "and a good conscience" (\kai suneidses agaths\, for which see kjv@Romans:2:25|), "and faith unfeigned" (\kai pistes anupokritou\, late compound verbal in kjv@2Corinthians:6:6; kjv@Romans:12:9|).
rwp@1Timothy:1:6 @{Having swerved} (\astochsantes\). First aorist active participle of \astoche\, compound _Koin_ verb (Polybius, Plutarch) from \astochos\ (\a\ privative and \stochos\, a mark), "having missed the mark." In N.T. only here, 6:21; kjv@2Timothy:2:18|. With the ablative case \hn\ (which). {Have turned aside} (\exetrapsan\). Second aorist passive indicative of \ektrep\, old and common verb, to turn or twist out or aside. In medical sense in kjv@Hebrews:12:13|. As metaphor in kjv@1Timothy:1:6; 6:20; kjv@2Timothy:4:4|. {Vain talking} (\mataiologian\). Late word from \mataiologos\, only here in N.T., in the literary _Koin_.
rwp@1Timothy:1:7 @{Teachers of the law} (\nomodidaskaloi\). Compound only in N.T. (here, kjv@Luke:5:17; kjv@Acts:5:34|) and ecclesiastical writers. {Though they understand} (\noountes\). Concessive participle of \noe\, old verb (Ephesians:3:4,20|). {Neither what} (\mte ha\). Relative \ha\ (which things). {Nor whereof} (\mte peri tinn\). Here the interrogative \tinn\ used in sense of relative \hn\. It may be regarded as the use of an indirect question for variety (Parry). {They confidently affirm} (\diabebaiountai\). Present middle indicative of the common _Koin_ compound, in N.T. only here and kjv@Titus:3:8|.
rwp@1Timothy:1:8 @{If a man use it lawfully} (\ean tis auti chrtai\). Condition of third class with \ean\ and present middle subjunctive of \chraomai\ with instrumental case.
rwp@1Timothy:1:9 @{Is not made for} (\ou keitai\). The use of \keitai\ for \tetheitai\ (perfect passive of \tithmi\) is a common enough idiom. See the same point about law in kjv@Galatians:18-23; kjv@Romans:13:13|. For "knowing this" (\eids touto\) see kjv@Ephesians:5:5|. {Unruly} (\anupotaktois\). Dative (like all these words) of the late verbal (\a\ privative and \hupotass\). In N.T. only here, kjv@Titus:1:6,10; kjv@Hebrews:2:8|. {Ungodly} (\asebesi\). See kjv@Romans:4:5; 5:6|. {Sinners} (\hamartlois\). See kjv@Romans:3:7|. {Unholy} (\anosiois\). Common word (\a\ privative and \hosios\. In N.T. only here and kjv@2Timothy:3:2|. {Profane} (\beblois\). Old word from \bain\, to go, and \blos\, threshold. See kjv@Hebrews:12:16|. {Murderers of fathers} (\patroliais\). Late form for common Attic \patraliais\ (from \patr\, father, and \aloia\, to smite) only here in N.T. {Murderers of mothers} (\mtroliais\). Late form Attic \mtraliais\. Only here in N.T. {Manslayers} (\andraphonois\). Old compound (\anr\, man, \phonos\, murder). Only here in N.T.
rwp@1Timothy:1:10 @{For abusers of themselves with men} (\arsenokoitais\). Late compound for sodomites. In N.T. only here and kjv@1Corinthians:6:9|. {Men-stealers} (\andrapodistais\). Old word from \andrapodiz\ (from \anr\, man, \pous\, foot, to catch by the foot), to enslave. Songs:enslavers, whether kidnappers (men-stealers) of free men or stealers of the slaves of other men. Songs:slave-dealers. By the use of this word Paul deals a blow at the slave-trade (cf. Philemon). {Liars} (\pseustais\). Old word, see kjv@Romans:3:4|. {False swearers} (\epiorkois\). Old word (\epi, orkos\, oath). Perjurers. Only here in N.T. For similar lists, see kjv@1Corinthians:5:11; 6:9f.; kjv@Galatians:5:19f.; kjv@Romans:1:28f.; 13:13; kjv@Colossians:3:5; kjv@Ephesians:5:5; kjv@2Timothy:3:2f|. {The sound doctrine} (\ti hugiainousi didaskalii\). Dative case after \antikeitai\, for which verb see kjv@Galatians:5:17| for the conflict between the Spirit and the flesh. "The healthful (\hugiain\, old word for being well, as kjv@Luke:5:31; kjv@3John:1:2|, in figurative sense in N.T. only in the Pastorals) teaching." See kjv@Titus:1:9; kjv@2Timothy:4:3|.
rwp@1Timothy:1:11 @{Of the blessed God} (\tou makariou theou\). Applied to God only here and 6:15|, but in kjv@Titus:2:13| \makarios\ occurs with \elpis\ (hope) of the "epiphany of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ." {Which was committed to my trust} (\ho episteuthn eg\). "with which (\ho\ accusative retained with first aorist passive verb \episteuthn\) I was entrusted."
rwp@1Timothy:1:13 @{Before} (\to proteron\). Accusative of general reference of the articular comparative, "as to the former-time," formerly, as in kjv@Galatians:4:13|. {Though I was} (\onta\). Concessive participle agreeing with \me\. {Blasphemer} (\blasphmon\). Old word either from \blax\ (stupid) and \phm\, speech, or from \blapt\, to injure. Rare in N.T. but Paul uses \blasphme\, to blaspheme in kjv@Romans:2:24|. {Persecutor} (\dikts\). Songs:far found only here. Probably made by Paul from \dik\, which he knew well enough (Acts:22:4,7; 26:14f.; kjv@Galatians:1:13,23; kjv@Phillipians:3:6; kjv@2Timothy:3:12|). {Injurious} (\hubristn\). Substantive, not adjective, "an insolent man." Old word from \hubriz\, in N.T. only here and kjv@Romans:1:30|. {I obtained mercy} (\elethn\). First aorist passive indicative of \elee\, old verb. See kjv@2Corinthians:4:1; kjv@Romans:11:30f|. {Ignorantly} (\agnon\). Present active participle of \agnoe\, "not knowing." Old verb (Romans:2:4|). In a blindness of heart. {In unbelief} (\en apistii\). See kjv@Romans:11:20,25|.
rwp@1Timothy:1:14 @{Abounded exceedingly} (\huperepleonasen\). Aorist active indicative of the late and rare (Songs:5:19| and in Herond.) compound \huperpleonaz\ (here alone in N.T.), in later ecclesiastical writers. The simplex \pleonaz\ Paul used in kjv@Romans:5:20; 6:1| and the kindred \hupereperisseusen\ used also with \h charis\. Paul is fond of compounds with \huper\. For "faith in Christ Jesus" see kjv@Galatians:3:26|, for "faith and love in Christ Jesus" as here, see kjv@2Timothy:1:13|.
rwp@1Timothy:1:15 @{Faithful is the saying} (\pistos ho logos\). Five times in the Pastorals (1Timothy:1:15; 3:1; 4:9; kjv@Titus:3:8; kjv@2Timothy:2:11|). It will pay to note carefully \pistis, pisteu, pistos\. Same use of \pistos\ (trustworthy) applied to \logos\ in kjv@Titus:1:9; kjv@Revelation:21:5; 22:6|. Here and probably in kjv@2Timothy:2:11| a definite saying seems to be referred to, possibly a quotation (\hoti\) of a current saying quite like the Johannine type of teaching. This very phrase (Christ coming into the world) occurs in kjv@John:9:37; 11:27; 16:28; 18:37|. Paul, of course, had no access to the Johannine writings, but such "sayings" were current among the disciples. There is no formal quotation, but "the whole phrase implies a knowledge of Synoptic and Johannine language" (Lock) as in kjv@Luke:5:32; kjv@John:12:47|. {Acceptation} (\apodochs\). Genitive case with \axios\ (worthy of). Late word (Polybius, Diod., Jos.) in N.T. only here and 4:9|. {Chief} (\prtos\). Not \n\ (I was), but \eimi\ (I am). "It is not easy to think of any one but St. Paul as penning these words" (White). In kjv@1Corinthians:15:9| he had called himself "the least of the apostles" (\elachistos tn apostoln\). In kjv@Ephesians:3:8| he refers to himself as "the less than the least of all saints" (\ti elachistoteri pantn hagin\). On occasion Paul would defend himself as on a par with the twelve apostles (Galatians:2:6-10|) and superior to the Judaizers (2Corinthians:11:5f.; 12:11|). It is not mock humility here, but sincere appreciation of the sins of his life (cf. kjv@Romans:7:24|) as a persecutor of the church of God (Galatians:1:13|), of men and even women (Acts:22:4f.; 26:11|). He had sad memories of those days.
rwp@1Timothy:1:16 @{In me as chief} (\en emoi prti\). Probably starts with the same sense of \prtos\ as in verse 15| (rank), but turns to order (first in line). Paul becomes the "specimen" sinner as an encouragement to all who come after him. {Might shew forth} (\endeixtai\). First aorist middle subjunctive (purpose with \hina\) of \endeiknumi\, to point out, for which see kjv@Ephesians:2:7| (same form with \hina\). {Longsuffering} (\makrothumian\). Common Pauline word (2Corinthians:6:6|). {For an ensample} (\pros hupotupsin\). Late and rare word (in Galen, Sext. Emp., Diog. Laert., here only in N.T.) from late verb \hupotupo\ (in papyri) to outline. Songs:substantive here is a sketch, rough outline. Paul is a sample of the kind of sinners that Jesus came to save. See \hupodeigma\ in kjv@2Peter:2:6|.
rwp@1Timothy:1:18 @{I commit} (\paratithemai\). Present middle indicative of old and common verb, to place beside (\para\) as food on table, in the middle to entrust (Luke:12:48|) and used by Jesus as he was dying (Luke:23:46|). Here it is a banking figure and repeated in kjv@2Timothy:2:2|. {According to the prophecies which went before on thee} (\kata tas proagousas epi se prophteias\). Intransitive use of \proag\, to go before. When Timothy first comes before us (Acts:16:2|) "he was testified to" (\emartureito\) by the brethren. He began his ministry rich in hopes, prayers, predictions. {That by them thou mayest war the good warfare} (\hina strateui en autais tn kaln strateian\). Cognate accusative (\strateian\, old word from \strateu\, in N.T. only here and kjv@2Corinthians:4:4|) with \strateui\ (second person singular middle present subjunctive of \strateu\, old verb chiefly in Paul in N.T., kjv@1Corinthians:9:7; kjv@2Corinthians:10:3|). As if in defensive armour.
rwp@1Timothy:1:19 @{Holding faith and a good conscience} (\echn pistin kai agathn suneidsin\). Possibly as a shield (Ephesians:6:16|) or at any rate possessing (Romans:2:20|) faith as trust and a good conscience. A leader expects them of his followers and must show them himself. {Having thrust from them} (\apsamenoi\). First aorist indirect middle participle of \apthe\, to push away from one. Old verb (see kjv@Romans:11:1f.|). {Made shipwreck} (\enauagsan\). First aorist active indicative of \nauage\, old verb from \nauagos\ (shipwrecked, \naus\, ship, \agnumi\, to break), to break a ship to pieces. In N.T. only here and kjv@2Corinthians:11:25|. {Concerning the faith} (\peri tn pistin\). Rather, "concerning their faith" (the article here used as a possessive pronoun, a common Greek idiom).
rwp@1Timothy:1:20 @{Hymenaeus} (\Humenaios\). The same heretic reappears in kjv@2Timothy:2:17|. He and Alexander are the chief "wreckers" of faith in Ephesus. {Alexander} (\Alexandros\). Probably the same as the one in kjv@2Timothy:4:14|, but not the Jew of that name in kjv@Acts:19:33|, unless he had become a Christian since then. {I delivered unto Satan} (\paredka ti Satani\). See this very idiom (\paradounai ti Satani\) in kjv@1Corinthians:5:5|. It is a severe discipline of apostolic authority, apparently exclusion and more than mere abandonment (1Thessalonians:2:18; kjv@1Corinthians:5:11; kjv@2Corinthians:2:11|), though it is an obscure matter. {That they might be taught not to blaspheme} (\hina paideuthsin m blasphmein\). Purpose clause with \hina\ and first aorist passive subjunctive of \paideu\. For this use of this common late verb, see kjv@1Corinthians:11:32; kjv@2Corinthians:6:9|.