rwp@Revelation:14:8 @{Another, a second angel} (\allos deuteros aggelos\). This second angel "followed" (\kolouthsen\, first aorist active indicative of \akolouthe\) and interpreted in part the first one. {Fallen, fallen} (\epesen, epesen\). Prophetic aorist active indicative of \pipt\, repeated as a solemn dirge announcing the certainty of the fall. The English participle "fallen, fallen" is more musical and rhythmical than the literal rendering "fell, fell." The language is an echo of kjv@Isaiah:21:9|, though B in the LXX has \peptken, peptken\ (perfect). {Babylon the great} (\Babuln h magal\). The adjective \megal\ occurs with \Babuln\ each time in the Apocalypse (14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21|) as a reminder of Nebuchadrezzar. There is no doubt that Rome is meant by Babylon, as is probably seen already in kjv@1Peter:5:13|. As a prisoner in Patmos John can speak his mind by this symbolism. {Hath made to drink} (\pepotiken\). Perfect active indicative of \potiz\, old causative verb (from \potos\ drinking, kjv@1Peter:4:3|), as in kjv@Matthew:25:35|. The remarkable phrase that follows seems based on kjv@Jeremiah:51:8| (Jeremiah:25:15|). It is a combination also of kjv@Revelation:14:10| (the wine of God's wrath, also in 16:19; 19:15|) and 17:2|. There is no doubt of the dissoluteness of the old Babylon of Jeremiah's day as of the Rome of John's time. Rome is pictured as the great courtesan who intoxicates and beguiles the nations to fornication (17:2,4,6|), but the cup of God's wrath for her and her paramours is full (14:10; 16:19; 18:2|).