Ephesians:4:1-16
Seeker Overlay ON
rwp @
Ephesians:4:1 @{
Wherewith ye were called } (\
h
s ekl
th
te \).
Attraction of the relative \
h
s \
to the genitive of the antecedent \
kl
se
s \ (
calling )
from the cognate accusative \
h
n \
with \
ekl
th
te \ (
first aorist passive indicative of \
kale \,
to call .
For the list of virtues here see strkjv @
Colossians:3:12 |.
To \
anechomenoi all
l
n \ (
Colossians:3:13 |)
Paul here adds "
in love " (\
en agap
i \),
singled out in strkjv @
Colossians:3:14 |.
rwp @
Ephesians:4:3 @{
The unity } (\
t
n henot
ta \).
Late and rare word (
from \
heis \,
one ),
in Aristotle and Plutarch ,
though in N .
T .
only here and verse 13 |. {
In the bond of peace } (\
en t
i sundesm
i t
s eir
n
s \).
In strkjv @
Colossians:3:14 | \
agap \ (
love )
is the \
sundesmos \ (
bond ).
But there is no peace without love (
verse 2 |).
rwp @
Ephesians:4:4 @{
One body } (\
hen s
ma \).
One mystical body of Christ (
the spiritual church or kingdom ,
cf .
strkjv @
1:23 ;
strkjv @
2:16 |). {
One Spirit } (\
hen pneuma \).
One Holy Spirit ,
grammatical neuter gender (
not to be referred to by "
it ,"
but by "
he "). {
In one hope } (\
en mi
i elpidi \).
The same hope as a result of their calling for both Jew and Greek as shown in chapter 2 |.
rwp @
Ephesians:4:5 @{
One Lord } (\
heis Kurios \).
The Lord Jesus Christ and he alone (
no series of aeons ). {
One faith } (\
mia pistis \).
One act of trust in Christ ,
the same for all (
Jew or Gentile ),
one way of being saved . {
One baptism } (\
hen baptisma \).
The result of baptizing (\
baptisma \),
while \
baptismos \
is the act .
Only in the N .
T . (\
baptismos \
in Josephus )
and ecclesiastical writers naturally .
See strkjv @
Mark:10:38 |.
There is only one act of baptism for all (
Jews and Gentiles )
who confess Christ by means of this symbol ,
not that they are made disciples by this one act ,
but merely so profess him ,
put Christ on publicly by this ordinance .
rwp @
Ephesians:4:6 @{
One God and Father of all } (\
heis theos kai pat
r pant
n \).
Not a separate God for each nation or religion .
One God for all men .
See here the Trinity again (
Father ,
Jesus ,
Holy Spirit ). {
Who is over all } (\
ho epi pant
n \), {
and through all } (\
kai dia pant
n \), {
and in all } (\
kai en p
sin \).
Thus by three prepositions (\
epi ,
dia ,
en \)
Paul has endeavoured to express the universal sweep and power of God in men '
s lives .
The pronouns (\
pant
n ,
pant
n ,
p
sin \)
can be all masculine ,
all neuter ,
or part one or the other .
The last "
in all "
is certainly masculine and probably all are .
rwp @
Ephesians:4:7 @{
According to the measure of the gifts of Christ } (\
kata to metron t
s d
reas tou Christou \).
Each gets the gift that Christ has to bestow for his special case .
See strkjv @
1Corinthians:12:4ff .;
strkjv @
Romans:12:4-6 |.
rwp @
Ephesians:4:8 @{
Wherefore he saith } (\
dio legei \).
As a confirmation of what Paul has said .
No subject is expressed in the Greek and commentators argue whether it should be \
ho theos \ (
God )
or \
h
graph \ (
Scripture ).
But it comes to God after all .
See strkjv @
Acts:2:17 |.
The quotation is from strkjv @
Psalms:68:18 |,
a Messianic Psalm of victory which Paul adapts and interprets for Christ '
s triumph over death . {
He led captivity captive } (\
ichmal
teusen aichmal
sian \).
Cognate accusative of \
aichmal
sian \,
late word ,
in N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
Revelation:13:10 |.
The verb also (\
aichmal
teu \)
is from the old word \
aichmal
tos \,
captive in war (
in N .
T .
only in strkjv @
Luke:4:18 |),
in LXX and only here in N .
T .
rwp @
Ephesians:4:9 @{
Now this } (\
to de \).
Paul picks out the verb \
anabas \ (
second aorist active participle of \
anabain \,
to go up ),
changes its form to \
aneb \ (
second aorist indicative ),
and points the article (\
to \)
at it .
Then he concludes that it implied a previous \
katabas \ (
coming down ). {
Into the lower parts of the earth } (\
eis ta kat
tera t
s g
s \).
If the \
anabas \
is the Ascension of Christ ,
then the \
katabas \
would be the Descent (
Incarnation )
to earth and \
t
s g
s \
would be the genitive of apposition .
What follows in verse 10 |
argues for this view .
Otherwise one must think of the death of Christ (
the descent into Hades of strkjv @
Acts:2:31 |).
rwp @
Ephesians:4:10 @{
Is the same also } (\
autos estin \).
Rather , "
the one who came down (\
ho katabas \,
the Incarnation )
is himself also the one who ascended (\
ho anabas \,
the Ascension )." {
Far above } (\
huperan \).
See strkjv @
1:21 |. {
All the heavens } (\
pant
n t
n ouran
n \).
Ablative case after \
huperan \.
For the plural used of Christ '
s ascent see strkjv @
Hebrews:4:14 ;
strkjv @
7:27 |.
Whether Paul has in mind the Jewish notion of a graded heaven like the third heaven in strkjv @
2Corinthians:12:2 |
or the seven heavens idea one does not know . {
That he might fill all things } (\
hina pl
r
s
i ta panta \).
This purpose we can understand ,
the supremacy of Christ (
Colossians:2:9f .|).
rwp @
Ephesians:4:11 @{
And he gave } (\
kai autos ed
ken \).
First aorist active indicative of \
did
mi \.
In strkjv @
1Corinthians:12:28 |
Paul uses \
etheto \ (
more common verb ,
appointed ),
but here repeats \
ed
ken \
from the quotation in verse 8 |.
There are four groups (\
tous men \, \
tous de \
three times ,
as the direct object of \
ed
ken \).
The titles are in the predicate accusative (\
apostolous ,
proph
tas ,
poimenas kai didaskalous \).
Each of these words occurs in strkjv @
1Corinthians:12:28 | (
which see for discussion )
except \
poimenas \ (
shepherds ).
This word \
poim
n \
is from a root meaning to protect .
Jesus said the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep (
John:10:11 |)
and called himself the Good Shepherd .
In strkjv @
Hebrews:13:20 |
Christ is the Great Shepherd (
cf .
strkjv @
1Peter:2:25 |).
Only here are preachers termed shepherds (
Latin _pastores_
)
in the N .
T .
But the verb \
poimain \,
to shepherd ,
is employed by Jesus to Peter (
John:21:16 |),
by Peter to other ministers (
1Peter:5:2 |),
by Paul to the elders (
bishops )
of Ephesus (
Acts:20:28 |).
Here Paul groups "
shepherds and teachers "
together .
All these gifts can be found in one man ,
though not always .
Some have only one .
rwp @
Ephesians:4:12 @{
For the perfecting } (\
pros ton katartismon \).
Late and rare word (
in Galen in medical sense ,
in papyri for house-furnishing ),
only here in N .
T .,
though \
katartisis \
in strkjv @
2Corinthians:13:9 |,
both from \
katartiz \,
to mend (
Matthew:4:21 ;
strkjv @
Galatians:6:1 |). "
For the mending (
repair )
of the saints ." {
Unto the building up } (\
eis oikodom
n \).
See strkjv @
2:21 |.
This is the ultimate goal in all these varied gifts , "
building up ."
rwp @
Ephesians:4:13 @{
Till we all attain } (\
mechri katant
s
men hoi pantes \).
Temporal clause with purpose idea with \
mechri \
and the first aorist active subjunctive of \
katanta \,
late verb ,
to come down to the goal (
Phillipians:3:11 |). "
The whole "
including every individual .
Hence the need of so many gifts . {
Unto the unity of the faith } (\
eis t
n henot
ta t
s piste
s \). "
Unto oneness of faith " (
of trust )
in Christ (
verse 3 |)
which the Gnostics were disturbing . {
And of the knowledge of the Son of God } (\
kai t
s epign
se
s tou huiou tou theou \).
Three genitives in a chain dependent also on \
t
n henot
ta \, "
the oneness of full (\
epi -\)
knowledge of the Son of God ,"
in opposition to the Gnostic vagaries . {
Unto a full-grown man } (\
eis andra teleion \).
Same figure as in strkjv @
2:15 |
and \
teleios \
in sense of adult as opposed to \
n
pioi \ (
infants )
in 14 |. {
Unto the measure of the stature } (\
eis metron h
likias \).
Songs:apparently \
h
likia \
here as in strkjv @
Luke:2:52 |,
not age (
John:9:21 |).
Boys rejoice in gaining the height of a man .
But Paul adds to this idea "
the fulness of Christ " (\
tou pl
r
matos tou Christou \),
like "
the fulness of God "
in strkjv @
3:19 |.
And yet some actually profess to be "
perfect "
with a standard like this to measure by !
No pastor has finished his work when the sheep fall so far short of the goal .
rwp @
Ephesians:4:14 @{
That we may be no longer children } (\
hina m
keti
men n
pioi \).
Negative final clause with present subjunctive .
Some Christians are quite content to remain "
babes "
in Christ and never cut their eye-teeth (
Hebrews:5:11-14 |),
the victims of every charlatan who comes along . {
Tossed to and fro } (\
klud
nizomenoi \).
Present passive participle of \
klud
nizomai \,
late verb from \
klud
n \ (
wave ,
strkjv @
James:1:6 |),
to be agitated by the waves ,
in LXX ,
only here in N .
T .
One example in Vettius Valens . {
Carried about } (\
peripheromenoi \).
Present passive participle of \
peripher \,
old verb ,
to carry round ,
whirled round "
by every wind (\
anem
i \,
instrumental case )
of teaching ."
In some it is all wind ,
even like a hurricane or a tornado .
If not anchored by full knowledge of Christ ,
folks are at the mercy of these squalls . {
By the sleight } (\
en t
i kubi
i \). "
In the deceit ," "
in the throw of the dice " (\
kubia \,
from \
kubos \,
cube ),
sometimes cheating . {
In craftiness } (\
en panourgi
i \).
Old word from \
panourgos \ (\
pan ,
ergon \,
any deed ,
every deed ),
cleverness ,
trickiness . {
After the wiles of error } (\
pros t
n methodian t
s plan
s \). \
Methodia \
is from \
methodeu \ (\
meta ,
hodos \)
to follow after or up ,
to practise deceit ,
and occurs nowhere else (
Ephesians:4:13 ;
strkjv @
6:11 |)
save in late papyri in the sense of method .
The word \
plan
s \ (
wandering like our "
planet ")
adds to the evil idea in the word .
Paul has covered the whole ground in this picture of Gnostic error .
rwp @
Ephesians:4:15 @{
In love } (\
en agap
i \).
If truth were always spoken only in love ! {
May grow into him } (\
aux
s
men eis auton \).
Supply \
hina \
and then note the final use of the first aorist active subjunctive .
It is the metaphor of verse 13 | (
the full-grown man ).
We are the body and Christ is the Head .
We are to grow up to his stature .
rwp @
Ephesians:4:16 @{
From which } (\
ex hou \).
Out of which as the source of energy and direction . {
Fitly framed } (\
sunarmologoumenon \).
See strkjv @
2:21 |
for this verb . {
Through that which every joint supplieth } (\
dia pas
s haph
s t
s epichor
gias \).
Literally , "
through every joint of the supply ."
See strkjv @
Colossians:2:19 |
for \
haph \
and strkjv @
Phillipians:1:19 |
for the late word \
epichor
gia \ (
only two examples in N .
T .)
from \
epichor
ge \,
to supply (
Colossians:2:19 |). {
In due measure } (\
en metr
i \).
Just "
in measure "
in the Greek ,
but the assumption is that each part of the body functions properly in its own sphere . {
Unto the building up of itself } (\
eis oikodom
n heautou \).
Modern knowledge of cell life in the human body greatly strengthens the force of Paul '
s metaphor .
This is the way the body grows by cooperation under the control of the head and all "
in love " (\
en agap
i \).