rwp Romans:14:1-23 SEEK
Seeker Overlay ON
rwp @
Romans:14:1 @{
Him that is weak } (\
ton asthenounta \).
See on ¯
1Corinthians:8:7-12 ;
strkjv @
9:22 ;
strkjv @
Romans:4:19 |. {
Receive ye } (\
proslambanesthe \).
Present middle imperative (
indirect ), "
take to yourselves ." {
Yet not to doubtful disputations } (\
m
eis diakriseis dialogism
n \). "
Not for decisions of opinions ."
Note \
dia \ (
between ,
two or \
duo \)
in both words .
Discriminations between doubts or hesitations .
For \
diakrisis \,
see strkjv @
1Corinthians:12:10 ;
strkjv @
Hebrews:5:14 | (
only N .
T .
examples ).
For \
dialogismos \
see strkjv @
Luke:2:35 ;
strkjv @
24:38 ;
strkjv @
Phillipians:2:14 |.
The "
strong "
brother is not called upon to settle all the scruples of the "
weak "
brother .
But each takes it on himself to do it .
rwp @
Romans:14:2 @{
One man } (\
hos men \). "
This one ,"
demonstrative pronoun \
hos \
with \
men \. {
Hath faith } (\
pisteuei \).
Like \
echei pistin \ (
Acts:14:9 |). {
But he that is weak } (\
ho de asthen
n \).
One would expect \
hos de \ (
but that one )
in contrast with \
hos men \. \
Ho \
is demonstrative with \
de \
sometimes ,
but here is probably just the article with \
asthen
n \. {
Herbs } (\
lachana \).
From \
lachan \,
to dig .
Hence garden herbs or vegetables .
Denney feels certain that Paul has in mind a party of vegetarians in Rome .
rwp @
Romans:14:3 @{
Set at nought } (\
exoutheneit \).
Present active imperative of \
exouthene \,
to treat as nothing and so with contempt (
Luke:23:11 ;
strkjv @
1Thessalonians:5:20 |). {
Judge } (\
krinet \).
Present active imperative of \
krin \,
criticize .
One side (
the meat-eaters )
despises the vegetarians ,
while the vegetarians criticize the meat-eaters . {
Received him } (\
auton proselabeto \).
Aorist middle (
indirect )
of \
proslamban \,
same verb used in verse 1 |.
God took both sides into his fellowship without requiring that they be vegetarians or meat-eaters .
rwp @
Romans:14:4 @{
Who art thou ?} (\
su tis ei ?\).
Proleptic position of \
su \, "
thou who art thou ?" {
The servant of another } (\
allotrion oiket
n \).
Not another (\
allon \)
servant (
household servant , \
oiket
n \),
but "
another '
s servant ."
For the adjective \
allotrios \,
see strkjv @
Luke:16:12 ;
strkjv @
2Corinthians:10:15f |. {
Shall be made to stand } (\
stath
setai \).
Future passive of \
hist
mi \.
In spite of your sharp criticisms of one another . {
Hath power } (\
dunatei \).
Verb found only in Paul (
2Corinthians:9:8 ;
strkjv @
13:3 ;
strkjv @
Romans:14:4 |),
from verbal adjective \
dunatos \.
rwp @
Romans:14:5 @{
One man } (\
hos men \), {
another } (\
hos de \).
Regular idiom of contrasted demonstratives (
this one ,
that one ). {
One day above another } (\
h
meran par '
h
meran \). "
Day beyond day ."
For this use of \
para \ (
beside )
in comparison see strkjv @
1:25 ;
strkjv @
Luke:13:2 |. {
Be fully assured } (\
pl
rophoreisth \).
Present passive imperative of \
pl
rophore \,
late compound verb for which see on ¯
Luke:1:1 ;
strkjv @
Romans:4:21 |. {
In his own mind } (\
en t
i idi
i noi \).
Intelligent and honest decision according to the light possessed by each .
rwp @
Romans:14:6 @{
Regardeth } (\
phronei \). "
Thinks of ," "
esteems ," "
observes ," "
puts his mind on " (
from \
phr
n \,
mind ).
The Textus Receptus has also "
he that regardeth not ,"
but it is not genuine . {
Unto the Lord } (\
kuri
i \).
Dative case .
Songs:as to \
t
i the
i \ (
unto God ).
He eats unto the Lord ,
he eats not unto the Lord .
Paul '
s principle of freedom in non-essentials is most important .
The Jewish Christians still observed the Seventh day (
the Sabbath ).
The Gentile Christians were observing the first day of the week in honour of Christ '
s Resurrection on that day .
Paul pleads for liberty .
rwp @
Romans:14:7 @{
To himself } (\
heaut
i \).
Dative of advantage again .
But to the Lord as he shows in verse 8 |.
Life and death focus in the Lord .
rwp @
Romans:14:8 @{
Whether--or } (\
ean te--ean te \). "
Both if--and if " (
condition of third class with present subjunctive (\
z
men--apothn
sk
men \).
Both living and dying are "
to the Lord ."
Paul repeats the idiom (\
ean te--ean te \)
with the conclusion "
we are the Lord '
s (\
tou kuriou esmen \).
Predicate genitive , "
we belong to the Lord ."
rwp @
Romans:14:9 @{
And lived again } (\
kai ez
sen \).
First ingressive aorist active indicative of \
za \, "
he came to life ." {
Might be lord of } (\
kurieusei \).
Ingressive aorist active subjunctive of \
kurieu \, "
become Lord of ."
Purpose clause with \
hina \ (
that ).
Old verb from \
kurios \,
lord .
See strkjv @
Luke:22:25 ;
strkjv @
Romans:6:9 |.
rwp @
Romans:14:10 @{
But thou ,
why dost thou judge ?} (\
su de ti su krineis ?\).
Referring to the conduct of the "
weak "
brother in verse 3 |. {
Or thou again } (\
kai su \).
Referring to the "
strong "
brother . {
Shall stand before } (\
parast
sometha \).
Future middle of \
parist
mi \
and intransitive ,
to stand beside (\
para \)
with the locative case (\
t
i bemati \,
the judgment seat )
as in strkjv @
Acts:27:24 |.
See the same figure of God in strkjv @
2Corinthians:5:10 |.
rwp @
Romans:14:11 @{
As I live } (\
z
eg \). "
I live ."
The LXX here (
Isaiah:45:23 |)
has \
kat '
emautou omnnu \, "
I swear by myself ." {
Shall confess to God } (\
exomolog
setai t
i the
i \).
Future middle of \
exomologe \,
to confess openly (\
ex \)
with the accusative as in strkjv @
Matthew:3:6 |.
With the dative as here the idea is to give praise to ,
to give gratitude to (
Matthew:11:25 |).
rwp @
Romans:14:12 @{
Shall give account } (\
logon d
sei \).
Songs:Aleph A C rather than \
apod
sei \
of Textus Receptus .
Common use of \
logos \
for account (
bookkeeping ,
ledger )
as in strkjv @
Luke:16:2 |.
rwp @
Romans:14:13 @{
Let us not therefore judge one another any more } (\
m
keti oun all
lous krin
men \).
Present active subjunctive (
volitive ). "
Let us no longer have the habit of criticizing one another ."
A wonderfully fine text for modern Christians and in harmony with what the Master said (
Matthew:7:1 |). {
That no man put a stumbling block in his brother '
s way or an occasion of falling } (\
to m
tithenai proskomma t
i adelph
i
skandalon \).
Articular present active infinitive of \
tith
mi \
in apposition with \
touto \,
accusative case after \
krinate \: "
Judge this rather ,
the not putting a stumbling block (
see strkjv @
9:32 |
for \
proskomma \)
or a trap (\
skandalon \,
strkjv @
9:33 |)
for his brother " (\
adelph
i \,
dative of disadvantage ).
rwp @
Romans:14:14 @{
I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus } (\
oida kai pepeismai en kuri
i I
sou \).
He knows it and stands persuaded (
perfect passive indicative of \
peith \,
to persuade ),
but in the sphere of the Lord Jesus (
cf .
strkjv @
9:1 |),
not by mere rational processes . {
Unclean of itself } (\
kainon di '
heautou \).
Songs:Paul takes his stand with the "
strong "
as in strkjv @
1Corinthians:8:4f .|,
but he is not a libertine .
Paul '
s liberty as to food is regulated by his life in the Lord .
For this use of \
koinos \,
not as common to all (
Acts:2:44 ;
strkjv @
4:32 |),
but unhallowed ,
impure ,
see on ¯
Mark:7:2 ,
5 ;
strkjv @
Acts:10:14 ,
28 |.
God made all things for their own uses . {
Save that } (\
ei m \).
The exception lies not in the nature of the food (\
di '
heautou \),
but in the man '
s view of it (
to him , \
ekein
i \,
dative case ).
rwp @
Romans:14:15 @
Because of meat (\
dia br
ma \). "
Because of food ." {
In love } (\
kata agap
n \). "
According to love "
as the regulating principle of life .
See strkjv @
1Corinthians:8 |
where Paul pleads for love in place of knowledge on this point . {
Destroy not } (\
m
apollue \).
Present active imperative of \
apollu \,
the very argument made in strkjv @
1Corinthians:8:10f |. {
With thy meat } (\
t
i br
mati sou \).
Instrumental case , "
with thy food ."
It is too great a price to pay for personal liberty as to food .
rwp @
Romans:14:16 @{
Your good } (\
hum
n to agathon \). "
The good thing of you " =
the liberty or Christian freedom which you claim . {
Be evil spoken of } (\
blasph
meisth \).
Present passive imperative of \
blasph
me \
for which see strkjv @
Matthew:9:3 ;
strkjv @
Romans:3:8 |.
rwp @
Romans:14:17 @{
The kingdom of God } (\
h
basileia tou theou \).
Not the future kingdom of eschatology ,
but the present spiritual kingdom ,
the reign of God in the heart ,
of which Jesus spoke so often .
See strkjv @
1Corinthians:4:21 |.
Paul scores heavily here ,
for it is not found in externals like food and drink ,
but in spiritual qualities and graces .
rwp @
Romans:14:18 @{
Herein } (\
en tout
i \). "
On the principle implied by these virtues " (
Sanday and Headlam ). {
Approved of men } (\
dokimos tois anthr
pois \). "
Acceptable to men ."
Stands the test for men .
See strkjv @
1Corinthians:11:19 ;
strkjv @
2Corinthians:10:18 ;
strkjv @
2Timothy:2:15 |.
rwp @
Romans:14:19 @{
Songs:then } (\
ara oun \).
Two inferential particles , "
accordingly therefore ." {
Let us follow after } (\
di
k
men \).
Present active subjunctive (
volitive ). "
Let us pursue ."
Some MSS .
have present indicative , "
we pursue ." {
The things which make for peace } (\
ta t
s eir
n
s \). "
The things of peace ,"
literally ,
genitive case .
Songs :"
the things of edification for one another " (\
ta t
s oikodom
s t
s eis all
lous \).
rwp @
Romans:14:20 @{
Overthrow not } (\
m
katalue \). "
Destroy not ," "
do not loosen down " (
carrying on the metaphor in \
oikodom \,
building ). {
The work of God } (\
to ergon tou theou \).
The brother for whom Christ died ,
verse 15 |.
Perhaps with a side-glance at Esau and his mess of pottage . {
But it is evil } (\
alla kakon \).
Paul changes from the plural \
koina \
to the singular \
kakon \. {
With offence } (\
dia proskommatos \). "
With a stumbling-block "
as in verse 13 |.
This use of \
dia \ (
accompaniment )
is common .
Songs:then it is addressed to the "
strong "
brother not to cause a stumbling-block by the way he eats and exercises his freedom .
rwp @
Romans:14:21 @{
Not to eat } (\
to m
phagein \). "
The not eating ."
Articular infinitive (
second aorist active of \
esthi \)
and subject of \
kalon estin \ (
copula ,
understood ). {
Flesh } (\
kreas \).
Old word ,
in N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
1Corinthians:8:13 |. {
To drink } (\
pein \).
Shortened form for \
piein \ (
second aorist active infinitive of \
pin \). {
Whereby } (\
en h
i \). "
On which thy brother stumbleth " (\
proskoptei \).
rwp @
Romans:14:22 @{
Have thou to thyself before God } (\
su--kata seauton eche en
pion tou theou \).
Very emphatic position of \
su \
at the beginning of the sentence , "
Thou there ."
The old MSS .
put \
h
n \ (
relative "
which ")
after \
pistin \
and before \
echeis \.
This principle applies to both the "
strong "
and the "
weak ."
He is within his rights to act "
according to thyself ,"
but it must be "
before God "
and with due regard to the rights of the other brethren . {
In that which he approveth } (\
en hoi dokimazei \).
This beatitude cuts both ways .
After testing and then approving (
1:28 ;
strkjv @
2:18 |)
one takes his stand which very act may condemn himself by what he says or does . "
It is a rare felicity to have a conscience untroubled by scruples " (
Denney ).
rwp @
Romans:14:23 @{
He that doubteth } (\
ho diakrinomenos \).
Present middle participle of \
diakrin \,
to judge between (\
dia \),
to hesitate .
See strkjv @
James:1:6f .|
for this same picture of the double-minded man .
Cf .
strkjv @
Romans:4:20 ;
strkjv @
Mark:11:23 |. {
Is condemned } (\
katakekritai \).
Perfect passive indicative of \
katakrin \ (
note \
kata -\), "
stands condemned ." {
If he eat } (\
ean phag
i \).
Third class condition , \
ean \
and second aorist active subjunctive .
If in spite of his doubt ,
he eat . {
Whatsoever is not of faith is sin } (\
pan ho ouk ek piste
s hamartia estin \). {
Faith } (\
pistis \)
here is subjective ,
one '
s strong conviction in the light of his relation to Christ and his enlightened conscience .
To go against this combination is sin beyond a doubt .
Some MSS . (
A L etc .)
put the doxology here which most place in strkjv @
16:25-27 |.
But they all give chapters 15 and 16 .
Some have supposed that the Epistle originally ended here ,
but that is pure speculation .
Some even suggest two editions of the Epistle .
But chapter 15 goes right on with the topic discussed in chapter 14 .