1Corinthians:15:1-11
Seeker Overlay ON
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:1 @{
I make known } (\
gn
riz \).
See on ¯
12:3 |
for this common verb .
As if in reproach . {
The gospel which I preached unto you } (\
to euaggelion ho eu
ggelisam
n humin \).
Cognate accusative , "
the gospel which I gospelized unto you ."
Note augment \\
after \
eu -\
like compound verb with preposition .
Note repetition of relative (\
ho ,
en h
i ,
di hou \,
and \
tini \
like relative )
without \
kai \ (
and ),
asyndeton .
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:2 @{
In what words I preached it unto you } (\
tini logoi eu
ggelisam
n humin \).
Almost certainly \
tis \ (\
tini logoi \,
locative or instrumental ,
in or with )
here is used like the relative \
hos \
as is common in papyri (
Moulton ,
_Prolegomena_
,
p .
93f .;
Robertson ,
_Grammar_
,
p .
737f .).
Even so it is not clear whether the clause depends on \
gn
riz \
like the other relatives ,
but most likely so . {
If we hold it fast } (\
ei katechete \).
Condition of first class .
Paul assumes that they are holding it fast . {
Except ye believed in vain } (\
ektos ei m
eik
i episteusate \).
For \
ektos ei m \
see on ¯
14:5 |.
Condition of first class ,
unless in fact ye did believe to no purpose (\
eik
i \,
old adverb ,
only in Paul in N .
T .).
Paul holds this peril over them in their temptation to deny the resurrection .
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:3 @{
First of all } (\
en pr
tois \).
Among first things .
_In
primis_
.
Not to time ,
but to importance . {
Which I also received } (\
ho kai parelabon \).
Direct revelation claimed as about the institution of the Lord '
s Supper (
11:23 |)
and same verbs used (\
pared
ka ,
parelabon \).
Four items given by Paul in explaining "
the gospel "
which Paul preached .
Stanley calls it (
verses 1-11 |)
the creed of the early disciples ,
but "
rather a sample of the exact form of the apostle '
s early teaching ,
than a profession of faith on the part of converts " (
Vincent ).
The four items are presented by four verbs (
died , \
apethanen \,
was buried , \
etaph \,
hath been raised , \
eg
gertai \,
appeared , \
phth \). {
Christ died } (\
Christos apethanen \).
Historical fact and crucial event . {
For our sins } (\
huper t
n hamarti
n h
m
n \). \
Huper \
means literally over ,
in behalf ,
even instead of (
Galatians:3:13 |),
where used of persons .
But here much in the sense of \
peri \ (
Galatians:1:14 |)
as is common in _Koin
_
.
In strkjv @
1Peter:3:18 |
we have \
peri hamarti
n ,
huper adik
n \. {
According to the Scriptures } (\
kata tas graphas \).
As Jesus showed (
Luke:22:37 ;
strkjv @
24:25 |)
and as Peter pointed out (
Acts:2:25-27 ;
strkjv @
3:35 |)
and as Paul had done (
Acts:13:24f .;
strkjv @
17:3 |).
Cf .
strkjv @
Romans:1:2ff |.
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:4 @{
And that he was buried } (\
kai hoti etaph \).
Note \
hoti \
repeated before each of the four verbs as a separate item .
Second aorist passive indicative of \
thapt \,
old verb ,
to bury .
This item is an important detail as the Gospels show . {
And that he hath been raised } (\
kai hoti eg
gertai \).
Perfect passive indicative ,
not \
gerth \
like {
rose }
of the King James '
Version .
There is reason for this sudden change of tense .
Paul wishes to emphasize the permanence of the resurrection of Jesus .
He is still risen . {
On the third day } (\
t
i h
mer
i t
i trit
i \).
Locative case of time .
Whether Paul had seen either of the Gospels we do not know ,
but this item is closely identified with the fact of Christ '
s resurrection .
We have it in Peter '
s speech (
Acts:10:40 |)
and Jesus points it out as part of prophecy (
Luke:24:46 |).
The other expression occasionally found "
after three days " (
Mark:10:34 |)
is merely free vernacular for the same idea and not even strkjv @
Matthew:12:40 |
disturbs it .
See on ¯
Luke:24:1 |
for record of the empty tomb on the first day of the week (
the third day ).
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:5 @{
And that he appeared to Cephas } (\
kai hoti
phth
K
ph
i \).
First aorist passive indicative of the defective verb \
hora \,
to see .
Paul means not a mere "
vision ,"
but actual appearance .
John uses \
ephaner
th \ (
John:21:14 |)
from \
phanero \,
to make manifest ,
of Christ '
s appearance to the seven by the Sea of Galilee .
Peter was listed first (\
pr
tos \)
among the Apostles (
Matthew:10:2 |).
Jesus had sent a special message to him (
Mark:16:7 |)
after his resurrection .
This special appearance to Peter is made the determining factor in the joyful faith of the disciples (
Luke:24:34 |),
though mentioned incidentally here .
Paul had told all these four facts to the Corinthians in his preaching .
He gives further proof of the fact of Christ '
s resurrection .
There are ten appearances given besides the one to Paul .
Nine are in the Gospels (
Mary Magdalene in John and Mark ,
the other women in Matthew ,
the two going to Emmaus in Luke ,
Simon Peter in Luke and I Corinthians ,
the ten apostles and others in Luke and John and Mark ,
the eleven and others in John ,
the seven by the sea in John ,
to over five hundred in Galilee in Matthew and Paul and Mark ,
to the apostles in Jerusalem in Luke and Mark and Acts and I Corinthians )
and one in I Corinthians above (
to James ).
It will be seen that Paul mentions only five of the ten ,
one ,
that to James ,
not given elsewhere .
What he gives is conclusive evidence of the fact ,
particularly when re-enforced by his own experience (
the sixth appearance mentioned by Paul ).
The way to prove this great fact is to start with Paul '
s own witness given in this undoubted Epistle .
The natural way to understand Paul '
s adverbs of time here is chronological : {
then } (\
eita \), {
then } (\
epeita \), {
then } (\
epeita \), {
then } (\
eita \), {
last of all } (\
eschaton pant
n \). {
To the twelve } (\
tois d
deka \).
The technical name .
Only ten were present ,
for Judas was dead and Thomas was absent (
John:20:24 |).
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:6 @{
To above five hundred brethren at once } (\
epan
pentakosiois adelphois ephapax \). \
Epan \
here is just an adverb with no effect on the case .
As a preposition with the ablative see strkjv @
Matthew:5:14 |.
This incident is the one described in strkjv @
Matthew:28:16 |
the prearranged meeting on the mountain in Galilee .
The strength of this witness lies in the fact that the majority (\
hoi pleious \)
of them were still living when Paul wrote this Epistle ,
say spring of A .
D .
54 or 55 ,
not over 25 years after Christ '
s resurrection .
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:7 @{
To James } (\
Iak
b
i \).
The brother of the Lord .
This fact explains the presence of the brothers of Jesus in the upper room (
Acts:1:14 |). {
To all the apostles } (\
tois apostolois pasin \).
The Ascension of Christ from Olivet .
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:8 @{
As unto one born out of due time } (\
h
sperei t
i ektr
mati \).
Literally ,
as to the miscarriage (
or untimely birth ).
Word first occurs in Aristotle for abortion or miscarriage and occurs in LXX (
Numbers:12:12 ;
strkjv @
Job:3:16 |)
and papyri (
for miscarriage by accident ).
The verb \
titr
sk \
means to wound and \
ek \
is out .
Paul means that the appearance to him came after Jesus had ascended to heaven .
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:9 @{
The least } (\
ho elachistos \).
True superlative ,
not elative .
Explanation of the strong word \
ektr
ma \
just used .
See strkjv @
Ephesians:3:8 |
where he calls himself "
less than the least of all saints "
and strkjv @
1Timothy:1:15 |
the "
chief " (\
pr
tos \)
of sinners .
Yet under attack from the Judaizers Paul stood up for his rank as equal to any apostle (
2Corinthians:11:5f .,
23 |). {
Because I persecuted the church of God } (\
edi
xa t
n ekkl
sian tou theou \).
There were times when this terrible fact confronted Paul like a nightmare .
Who does not understand this mood of contrition ?
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:10 @{
What I am } (\
ho eimi \).
Not , {
who } (\
hos \),
but {
what } (\
ho \),
neuter singular .
His actual character and attainments .
All "
by the grace of God " (\
chariti theou \). {
I laboured more abundantly than they all } (\
perissoteron aut
n pant
n ekopiasa \).
This is sober fact as shown by the Acts and Paul '
s Epistles .
He had tremendous energy and used it .
Genius is work ,
Carlyle said .
Take Paul as a specimen .
rwp @
1Corinthians:15:11 @{
Songs:we preach ,
and so ye believed } (\
hout
s k
russomen ,
kai hout
s episteusate \).
This is what matters both for preacher and hearers .
This is Paul '
s gospel .
Their conduct in response to his message was on record .