1Peter:5:1-11

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rwp @1Peter:5:1 @{Who am a fellow-elder } (\ho sunpresbuteros \). Earliest use of this compound in an inscription of B .C . 120 for fellow-elders (alderman ) in a town , here only in N .T ., in eccles . writers . For the word \presbuteros \ in the technical sense of officers in a Christian church (like elder in the local synagogues of the Jews ) see strkjv @Acts:11:30 ; strkjv @20:17 |. It is noteworthy that here Peter the Apostle (1:1 |) calls himself an elder along with (\sun \) the other "elders ." {A witness } (\martus \). This is what Jesus had said they must be (Acts:1:8 |) and what Peter claimed to be (Acts:3:15 ; strkjv @10:39 |). Songs:Paul was to be a \martus \ (Acts:22:15 |). {Who am also a partaker } (\ho kai koin “nos \). "The partner also ," "the partaker also ." See strkjv @Luke:5:10 ; strkjv @2Corinthians:1:7 ; strkjv @2Peter:1:4 |. See same idea in strkjv @Romans:8:17 |. In strkjv @Galatians:3:23 ; strkjv @Romans:8:18 | we have almost this about the glory about to be revealed to us where \mell “\ as here is used with the infinitive . rwp @1Peter:5:2 @{Tend } (\poimanate \). First aorist active imperative of \poimain “\, old verb , from \poim ˆn \ (shepherd ) as in strkjv @Luke:17:7 |. Jesus used this very word to Peter in the interview by the Sea of Galilee (John:21:16 |) and Peter doubtless has this fact in mind here . Paul used the word to the elders at Miletus (Acts:20:28 |). See strkjv @2:25 | for the metaphor . {Flock } (\poimnion \). Old word , likewise from \poim ˆn \, contraction of \poimenion \ (Luke:12:32 |). {Exercising the oversight } (\episkopountes \). Present active participle of \episkope “\, old word (in strkjv @Hebrews:12:15 | alone in N .T .), omitted here by Aleph B . {Not by constraint } (\m ˆ anagkast “s \). Negative \m ˆ\ because of the imperative . Old adverb from verbal adjective \anagkastos \, here alone in N .T . {But willingly } (\alla hekousi “s \). By contrast . Old adverb , in N .T . only here and strkjv @Hebrews:10:26 |. {Nor yet for filthy lucre } (\m ˆde aischrokerd “s \). A compound adverb not found elsewhere , but the old adjective \aischrokerd ˆs \ is in strkjv @1Timothy:3:8 ; strkjv @Titus:1:7 |. See also strkjv @Titus:1:11 | "for the sake of filthy lucre " (\aischrou kerdous charin \). Clearly the elders received stipends , else there could be no such temptation . {But of a ready mind } (\alla prothum “s \). Old adverb from \prothumos \ (Matthew:26:41 |), here only in N .T . rwp @1Peter:5:3 @{Lording it over } (\katakurieuontes \). Present active participle of \katakurieu “\, late compound (\kata , kurios \) as in strkjv @Matthew:20:25 |. {The charge allotted to you } (\t “n kl ˆr “n \). "The charges ," "the lots " or "the allotments ." See it in strkjv @Acts:1:17 ,25 | in this sense . The old word meant a die (Matthew:27:25 |), a portion (Colossians:1:12 ; strkjv @1Peter:1:4 |), here the charges assigned (cf . strkjv @Acts:17:4 |). From the adjective \kl ˆrikos \ come our cleric , clerical , clerk . Wycliff translated it here "neither as having lordship in the clergie ." {Making yourselves ensamples } (\tupoi ginomenoi \). Present active participle of \ginomai \ and predicate nominative \tupoi \ (types , models ) for which phrase see strkjv @1Thessalonians:1:7 |. Continually becoming . See strkjv @2:21 | for \hupogrammos \ (writing-copy ). {To the flock } (\tou poimniou \). Objective genitive . rwp @1Peter:5:4 @{When the chief Shepherd shall be manifested } (\phaner “thentos tou archipoimenos \). Genitive absolute with first aorist passive participle of \phanero “\, to manifest , and genitive of \archipoim ˆn \, a compound (\archi , poim ˆn \) after analogy of \archiereus \, here only in N .T ., but in _Testam . of Twelve Patrs_ . (Jud . 8 ) and on a piece of wood around an Egyptian mummy and also on a papyrus A .D . 338 (Deissmann , _Light , etc . _ , p . 100 ). See strkjv @Hebrews:13:20 | for \ho poim ˆn ho megas \ (the Shepherd the great ). {Ye shall receive } (\komieisthe \). Future of \komiz “\ (1:9 |, which see ). {The crown of glory that fadeth not away } (\ton amarantinon t ˆs dox ˆs stephanon \). For "crown " (\stephanos \) see strkjv @James:1:12 ; strkjv @1Corinthians:9:25 ; strkjv @2Timothy:4:8 ; strkjv @Revelation:2:10 ; strkjv @3:10 ; strkjv @4:4 |. In the Gospels it is used only of the crown of thorns , but Jesus is crowned with glory and honor (Hebrews:2:9 |). In all these passages it is the crown of victory as it is here . See strkjv @1:4 | for \amarantos \, unfading . \Amarantinos \ is made from that word as the name of a flower \amaranth \ (so called because it never withers and revives if moistened with water and so used as a symbol of immortality ), "composed of amaranth " or "amarantine ," "the amarantine (unfading ) crown of glory ." rwp @1Peter:5:5 @{Be subject } (\hopotag ˆte \). Second aorist passive imperative of \hupotass “\. {Unto the elder } (\presbuterois \). Dative case . Here the antithesis between younger and elder shows that the word refers to age , not to office as in strkjv @5:1 |. See a like change in meaning in strkjv @1Timothy:5:1 ,17 |. {All } (\pantes \). All ages , sexes , classes . {Gird yourselves with humility } (\t ˆn tapeinophrosun ˆn egkomb “sasthe \). First aorist middle imperative of \egkomboomai \, late and rare verb (in Apollodorus , fourth cent . B .C .), here only in N .T ., from \en \ and \kombos \ (knot , like the knot of a girdle ). \Egkomb “ma \ was the white scarf or apron of slaves . It is quite probable that Peter here is thinking of what Jesus did (John:13:4ff .|) when he girded himself with a towel and taught the disciples , Peter in particular (John:13:9ff .|), the lesson of humility (John:13:15 |). Peter had at last learned the lesson (John:21:15-19 |). {The proud } (\huper ˆphanois \). Dative plural of \huper ˆphanos \ (James:4:6 ; strkjv @Romans:1:30 |) after \antitassetai \ (present middle indicative of \antitass “\ as in strkjv @James:4:6 | (quoted there as here from strkjv @Proverbs:3:34 |). rwp @1Peter:5:6 @{Humble yourselves therefore } (\tapein “th ˆte oun \). First aorist passive imperative of \tapeino “\, old verb , for which see strkjv @Matthew:18:4 |. Peter is here in the role of a preacher of humility . "Be humbled ." {Under the mighty hand of God } (\hupo t ˆn krataian cheira tou theou \). Common O .T . picture (Exodus:3:19 ; strkjv @20:33 |, etc .). {That he may exalt you } (\hina hups “s ˆi \). Purpose clause with \hina \ and first aorist active subjunctive of \hupso “\. Cf . strkjv @Luke:14:11 ; strkjv @Phillipians:2:9 |. {In due time } (\en kair “i \). Same phrase in strkjv @Matthew:24:45 |. rwp @1Peter:5:7 @{Casting } (\epiripsantes \). First aorist active participle of \epiript “\, old verb , to throw upon , in N .T . only here and strkjv @Luke:19:35 | (casting their clothes on the colt ), here from strkjv @Psalms:55:22 |. For \merimna \ see strkjv @Matthew:6:25 ,31 ,34 |. {He careth } (\aut “i melei \). Impersonal verb \melei \ (present active indicative ) with dative \aut “i \, "it is a care to him ." God does care (Luke:21:18 |). rwp @1Peter:5:8 @{Be watchful } (\gr ˆgor ˆsate \). First aorist active imperative of \gr ˆgore “\, late present imperative from perfect \egr ˆgora \ (to be awake ) from \egeir “\ (to arouse ), as in strkjv @Matthew:24:42 |. For \n ˆpsate \ see strkjv @1:13 ; strkjv @4:7 |. {Your adversary } (\ho antidikos hum “n \). Old word for opponent in a lawsuit (Matthew:5:25 |). {The devil } (\diabolos \). Slanderer . See on ¯Matthew:4:1 |. {As a roaring lion } (\h “s “ruomenos le “n \). But Jesus is also pictured as the Lion of the tribe of Judah (Revelation:5:5 |). But Satan {roars } at the saints . Present middle participle \“ruomai \, old verb , here only in N .T ., to howl like a wolf , dog , or lion , of men to sing loud (Pindar ). See strkjv @Psalms:22:13 |. {Whom he may devour } (\katapiein \). Second aorist active infinitive of \katapin “\, to drink down . B does not have \tina \, Aleph has \tina \ (somebody ), "to devour some one ," while A has interrogative \tina \, "whom he may devour " (very rare idiom ). But the devil 's purpose is the ruin of men . He is a "peripatetic " (\peripatei \) like the peripatetic philosophers who walked as they talked . Satan wants all of us and sifts us all (Luke:22:31 |). rwp @1Peter:5:9 @{Whom withstand } (\h “i antist ˆte \). Imperative second aorist active (intransitive ) of \anthist ˆmi \; same form in strkjv @James:4:7 |, which see . Dative case of relative (\h “i \). For the imperative in a subordinate clause see verse 12 ; strkjv @2Thessalonians:3:10 ; strkjv @2Timothy:4:15 ; strkjv @Hebrews:13:7 |. Cowardice never wins against the devil (2Timothy:1:7 |), but only courage . {Steadfast in your faith } (\stereoi t ˆi pistei \). Locative case \pistei \. \Stereos \ is old adjective for solid like a foundation (2Timothy:2:19 |). {The same sufferings } (\ta auta t “n path ˆmat “n \). An unusual construction with the genitive rather than the usual \ta auta path ˆmata \, perhaps as Hofmann suggests , "the same tax of sufferings " ("the same things in sufferings "). Probably this is correct and is like Xenophon 's phrase in the _Memorabilia_ (IV . 8 . 8 ), \ta tou g ˆr “s epiteleisthai \ (to pay the tax of old age ). {Are accomplished } (\epiteleisthai \). Present (and so process ) middle (you are paying ) or passive (is paid ) infinitive of \epitele “\, old verb , to accomplish (2Corinthians:7:1 |). {In your brethren who are in the world } (\t ˆi en t “i kosm “i hum “n adelphot ˆti \). Associate-instrumental case \adelphot ˆti \ (in N .T . only here and strkjv @2:17 |, which see ) after \ta auta \ (like strkjv @1Corinthians:11:5 |) or dative after \epiteleisthai \. Even so \eidotes \ (second perfect active participle of \oida \) with an infinitive usually means "knowing how to " (object infinitive ) as in strkjv @Luke:12:56 ; strkjv @Phillipians:3:18 | rather than "knowing that " (indirect assertion ) as taken above . rwp @1Peter:5:10 @{The God of all grace } (\ho theos t ˆs charitos \). See strkjv @4:10 | for \poikil ˆs charitos theou \ (of the variegated grace of God ). {In Christ } (\en Christ “i \). A Pauline phrase (2Corinthians:5:17-19 |), but Petrine also . For God 's "calling " us (\kalesas \) see strkjv @1Thessalonians:5:23f .; strkjv @1Corinthians:1:8f .; strkjv @Romans:8:29f |. {After that ye have suffered a little while } (\oligon pathontas \). Second aorist active participle of \pasch “\, antecedent to the principal verbs which are future active (\katartisei \, to mend , strkjv @Mark:1:19 ; strkjv @Galatians:6:1 |, \st ˆrixei \, for which see strkjv @Luke:9:51 ; strkjv @22:32 |, \sthen “sei \ from \sthenos \ and so far a \hapax legomenon \ like \enischu “\ according to Hesychius ). For \oligon \ see strkjv @1:6 |. rwp @1Peter:5:11 @{To him } (\aut “i \). To God (dative case ). Note \kratos \ in the doxology as in strkjv @1Timothy:6:16 | and briefer than the doxology in strkjv @1Peter:4:11 |, to Christ .

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