2Peter:2

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rwp @2Peter:2:1 @{But there arose } (\egenonto de \). Second aorist middle indicative of \ginomai \ (cf . \ginetai \ in strkjv @1:20 |). {False prophets also } (\kai pseudoproph ˆtai \). In contrast with the true prophets just pictured in strkjv @1:20f |. Late compound in LXX and Philo , common in N .T . (Matthew:7:15 |). Allusion to the O .T . times like Balaam and others (Jeremiah:6:13 ; strkjv @28:9 ; strkjv @Ezekiel:13:9 |). {False teachers } (\pseudodidaskaloi \). Late and rare compound (\pseud ˆs , didaskalos \) here alone in N .T . Peter pictures them as in the future here (\esontai \, shall be ) and again as already present (\eisin \, are , verse 17 |), or in the past (\eplan ˆth ˆsan \, they went astray , verse 15 |). {Shall privily bring in } (\pareisaxousin \). Future active of \pareisag “\, late double compound \pareisag “\, to bring in (\eisag “\), by the side (\para \), as if secretly , here alone in N .T ., but see \pareisaktous \ in strkjv @Galatians:2:4 | (verbal adjective of this same verb ). {Destructive heresies } (\haireseis ap “leias \). Descriptive genitive , "heresies of destruction " (marked by destruction ) as in strkjv @Luke:16:8 |. \Hairesis \ (from \haire “\) is simply a choosing , a school , a sect like that of the Sadducees (Acts:5:17 |), of the Pharisees (Acts:15:5 |), and of Christians as Paul admitted (Acts:24:5 |). These "tenets " (Galatians:5:20 |) led to destruction . {Denying } (\arnoumenoi \). Present middle participle of \arneomai \. This the Gnostics did , the very thing that Peter did , alas (Matthew:26:70 |) even after Christ 's words (Matthew:10:33 |). {Even the Master } (\kai ton despot ˆn \). Old word for absolute master , here of Christ as in strkjv @Jude:1:4 |, and also of God (Acts:4:24 |). Without the evil sense in our "despot ." {That bought them } (\ton agorasanta autous \). First aorist active articular participle of \agoraz “\, same idea with \lutro “\ in strkjv @1Peter:1:18f |. These were professing Christians , at any rate , these heretics . {Swift destruction } (\tachin ˆn ap “leian \). See strkjv @1:14 | for \tachin ˆn \ and note repetition of \ap “leian \. This is always the tragedy of such false prophets , the fate that they bring on (\epagontes \) themselves . rwp @2Peter:2:2 @{Lascivious doings } (\aselgeiais \). Associative instrumental ease after \exakolouth ˆsousin \ (future active , for which verb see strkjv @1:16 |). See strkjv @1Peter:4:3 | for this word . {By reason of whom } (\di ' hous \). "Because of whom " (accusative case of relative , referring to \polloi \, many ). \Aut “n \ (their ) refers to \pseudodidaskaloi \ (false teachers ) while \polloi \ to their deluded followers . See strkjv @Romans:2:23f .| for a picture of such conduct by Jews (quotation from strkjv @Isaiah:52:5 |, with \blasph ˆme “\ used as here with \di ' humas \, because of you ). {The way of truth } (\h ˆ hodos t ˆs al ˆtheias \). \Hodos \ (way ) occurs often in N .T . for Christianity (Acts:9:2 ; strkjv @16:17 ; strkjv @18:25 ; strkjv @22:4 ; strkjv @24:14 |). This phrase is in strkjv @Genesis:24:48 | as "the right road ," and that is what Peter means here . Songs:Psalms:119:30 |. See again strkjv @2:15 ,21 |. rwp @2Peter:2:3 @{In covetousness } (\en pleonexi ƒi \). As did Balaam (verse 15 |). These licentious Gnostics made money out of their dupes . A merely intellectual Gnosticism had its fruit in immorality and fraud . {With feigned words } (\plastois logois \). Instrumental case . \Plastos \ is verbal adjective (from \plass “\, to mould as from clay , for which see strkjv @Romans:9:20 |), here only in N .T . "With forged words ." See sample in strkjv @3:4 |. {Shall make merchandise of you } (\humas emporeusontai \). Future middle of \emporeuomai \ (from \emporos \, a travelling merchant ), old word , to go in for trade , in N .T . only here and strkjv @James:4:13 |, which see . Cf . our emporium (John:2:16 |, market house ). {Whose sentence } (\hois to krima \). "For whom (dative case ) the sentence " (verdict , not process \krisis \). {Now from of old } (\ekpalai \). Late and common compound adverb , in N .T . only here and strkjv @3:5 |. {Lingereth not } (\ouk argei \). "Is not idle ," old verb , \arge “\ (from \argos \ not working , alpha privative and \ergon \), here only in N .T . {Slumbereth not } (\ou nustazei \). Old and common verb (from \nu “\ to nod ), in N .T . only here and strkjv @Matthew:25:5 |. Note \ap “leia \ (destruction ) three times in verses 1-3 |. rwp @2Peter:2:4 @{For if God spared not } (\ei gar ho theos ouk epheisato \). First instance (\gar \) of certain doom , that of the fallen angels . Condition of the first class precisely like that in strkjv @Romans:11:21 | save that here the normal apodosis (\hum “n ou pheisetai \) is not expressed as there , but is simply implied in verse 9 | by \oiden kurios ruesthai \ (the Lord knows how to deliver ) after the parenthesis in verse 8 |. {Angels when they sinned } (\aggel “n hamart ˆsant “n \). Genitive case after \epheisato \ (first aorist middle indicative of \pheidomai \) and anarthrous (so more emphatic , even angels ), first aorist active participle of \hamartan “\, "having sinned ." {Cast them down to hell } (\tartar “sas \). First aorist active participle of \tartaro “\, late word (from \tartaros \, old word in Homer , Pindar , LXX strkjv @Job:40:15 ; strkjv @41:23 |, Philo , inscriptions , the dark and doleful abode of the wicked dead like the Gehenna of the Jews ), found here alone save in a scholion on Homer . \Tartaros \ occurs in Enoch strkjv @20:2 as the place of punishment of the fallen angels , while Gehenna is for apostate Jews . {Committed } (\pared “ken \). First aorist active indicative of \paradid “mi \, the very form solemnly used by Paul in strkjv @Romans:1:21 ,26 ,28 |. {To pits of darkness } (\seirois zophou \). \Zophos \ (kin to \gnophos , nephos \) is an old word , blackness , gloom of the nether world in Homer , in N .T . only here , verse 17 ; strkjv @Jude:1:13 ; strkjv @Hebrews:12:18 |. The MSS . vary between \seirais \ (\seira \, chain or rope ) and \seirois \ (\seiros \, old word for pit , underground granary ). \Seirois \ is right (Aleph A B C ), dative case of destination . {To be reserved unto judgment } (\eis krisin t ˆroumenous \). Present (linear action ) passive participle of \t ˆre “\. "Kept for judgment ." Cf . strkjv @1Peter:1:4 |. Aleph A have \kolazomenous t ˆrein \ as in verse 9 |. Note \krisis \ (act of judgment ). rwp @2Peter:2:5 @{The ancient world } (\archaiou kosmou \). Genitive case after \epheisato \ (with \ei \ understood ) repeated (the second example , the deluge ). This example not in Jude . Absence of the article is common in the prophetic style like II Peter . For \archaios \ see strkjv @Luke:9:8 |. {Preserved } (\ephulaxen \). Still part of the long protasis with \ei \, first aorist active indicative of \phulass “\. {With seven others } (\ogdoon \). "Eighth ," predicate accusative adjective (ordinal ), classic idiom usually with \auton \. See strkjv @1Peter:3:20 | for this same item . Some take \ogdoon \ with \k ˆruka \ (eighth preacher ), hardly correct . {A preacher of righteousness } (\dikaiosun ˆs k ˆruka \). "Herald " as in strkjv @1Timothy:2:7 ; strkjv @2Timothy:1:11 | alone in N .T ., but \k ˆruss “\ is common . It is implied in strkjv @1Peter:3:20 | that Noah preached to the men of his time during the long years . {When he brought } (\epaxas \). First aorist active participle (instead of the common second aorist active \epagag “n \) of \eisag “\, old compound verb to bring upon , in N .T . only here and strkjv @Acts:5:28 | (by Peter here also ). {A flood } (\kataklusmon \). Old word (from \katakluz “\, to inundate ), only of Noah 's flood in N .T . (Matthew:24:38ff .; strkjv @Luke:17:27 ; strkjv @2Peter:2:5 |). {Upon the world of the ungodly } (\kosmoi aseb “n \). Anarthrous and dative case \kosm “i \. The whole world were "ungodly " (\asebeis \ as in strkjv @1Peter:4:18 |) save Noah 's family of eight . rwp @2Peter:2:6 @{Turning into ashes } (\tephr “sas \). First aorist participle of \tephro “\, late word from \tephra \, ashes (in Dio Cassius of an eruption of Vesuvius , Philo ), here alone in N .T . {The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah } (\poleis Sodom “n kai Gomorr ƒs \). Genitive of apposition after \poleis \ (cities ), though it makes sense as possessive genitive , for strkjv @Jude:1:7 | speaks of the cities around these two . The third example , the cities of the plain . See strkjv @Genesis:19:24f |. {Condemned them } (\katekrinen \). First aorist active indicative of \katakrin “\, still part of the protasis with \ei \. {With an overthrow } (\katastroph ˆi \). Instrumental case or even dative like \thanat “i \ with \katakrin “\ in strkjv @Matthew:20:18 |. But Westcott and Hort reject the word here because not in B C Coptic . {Having made them } (\tetheik “s \). Perfect active participle of \tith ˆmi \. {An example } (\hupodeigma \). For which see strkjv @James:5:10 ; strkjv @John:13:15 |. Cf . strkjv @1Peter:2:21 |. {Unto those that should live ungodly } (\mellont “n asebesin \). Rather , "unto ungodly men of things about to be " (see strkjv @Hebrews:11:20 | for this use of \mellont “n \). But Aleph A C K L read \asebein \ (present active infinitive ) with \mellont “n \=\aseb ˆsont “n \ (future active participle of \asebe “\), from which we have our translation . rwp @2Peter:2:7 @{And delivered } (\kai erusato \). First aorist middle of \ruomai \ as in strkjv @Matthew:6:13 |, still part of the protasis with \ei \. {Righteous Lot } (\dikaion Lot \). This adjective \dikaios \ occurs three times in verses 7 ,8 |. See Wisdom strkjv @10:6 . {Sore distressed } (\kataponoumenon \). Present passive participle of \katapone “\, late and common verb , to work down , to exhaust with labor , to distress , in N .T . only here and strkjv @Acts:7:24 |. {By the lascivious life of the wicked } (\hupo t ˆs t “n athesm “n en aselgei ƒi anastroph ˆs \). "By the life in lasciviousness of the lawless ." \Athesmos \ (alpha privative and \thesmos \), late and common adjective (cf . \athemitos \ strkjv @1Peter:4:3 |) for rebels against law (of nature and conscience here ). \Anastroph ˆ\ is frequent in I Peter . rwp @2Peter:2:8 @{For } (\gar \). Parenthetical explanation in verse 8 | of the remark about Lot . {Dwelling } (\enkatoik “n \). Present active participle of \enkatoike “\, old but rare double compound , here only in N .T . {In seeing and hearing } (\blemmati kai ako ˆi \). "By sight (instrumental case of \blemma \, old word , from \blep “\ to see , here only in N .T .) and hearing " (instrumental case of \ako ˆ\ from \akou “\, to hear , common as strkjv @Matthew:13:14 |). {From day to day } (\h ˆmeran ex h ˆmer ƒs \). "Day in day out ." Accusative of time and ablative with \ex \. Same idiom in strkjv @Psalms:96:2 | for the more common \ex h ˆmeras eis h ˆmeran \. {Vexed } (\ebasanizen \). Imperfect active (kept on vexing ) of \basaniz “\, old word , to test metals , to torment (Matthew:8:29 |). {With their lawless deeds } (\anomois ergois \). Instrumental case of cause , "because of their lawless (contrary to law ) deeds ." For \anomos \ see strkjv @2Thessalonians:2:8 |. rwp @2Peter:2:9 @{The Lord knoweth how } (\oiden kurios \). The actual apodosis of the long protasis begun in verse 4 |. God can deliver his servants as shown by Noah and Lot and he will deliver you . The idiomatic use of \oida \ and the infinitive (\ruesthai \ present middle and see verse 7 |) for knowing how as in strkjv @Matthew:7:11 ; strkjv @James:4:17 |. {The godly } (\eusebeis \). Old anarthrous adjective (from \eu \ and \sebomai \, to worship ), in N .T . only here and strkjv @Acts:10:2 ,7 | (by Peter ). For {temptation } (\peirasmou \) see strkjv @James:1:2 ,12 ; strkjv @1Peter:1:6 |. {To keep } (\t ˆrein \). Present active infinitive of \t ˆre “\ after \oiden \. {Unrighteous } (\adikous \). As in strkjv @1Peter:3:18 |. {Under punishment } (\kolazomenous \). Present passive participle of \kolaz “\, old verb (from \kolos \, lopped off ), in N .T . only here and strkjv @Acts:4:21 |. Present tense emphasises continuity of the punishment . See \kolasin ai “nion \ in strkjv @Matthew:25:46 |. rwp @2Peter:2:10 @{Chiefly } (\malista \). Especially . He turns now to the libertine heretics (verses 2 ,7 |). {After the flesh } (\opis “ sarkos \). Hebraistic use of \opis “\ as with \hamarti “n \ (sins ) in strkjv @Isaiah:65:2 |. Cf . strkjv @Matthew:4:19 ; strkjv @1Timothy:5:15 |. {Of defilement } (\miasmou \). Old word (from \miain “\ strkjv @Titus:1:15 |), here only in N .T . {Despise dominion } (\kuriot ˆtos kataphronountas \). \Kuriot ˆs \ is late word for lordship (perhaps God or Christ ) (from \Kurios \), in strkjv @Colossians:1:16 ; strkjv @Ephesians:1:21 ; strkjv @Jude:1:8 |. Genitive case after \kataphrountas \ (thinking down on , strkjv @Matthew:6:24 |). {Daring } (\tolm ˆtai \). Old substantive (from \tolma “\, to dare ), daring men , here only in N .T . {Self-willed } (\authadeis \). Old adjective (from \autos \ and \h ˆdomai \), self-pleasing , arrogant , in N .T . only here and strkjv @Titus:1:7 |. {They tremble not to rail at dignities } (\doxas ou tremousin blasph ˆmountes \). "They tremble not blaspheming dignities ." \Trem “\ is old verb (Mark:5:33 |), used only in present as here and imperfect . Here with the complementary participle \blasph ˆmountes \ rather than the infinitive \blasph ˆmein \. See strkjv @Jude:1:8 |. Perhaps these dignities (\doxas \) are angels (\evil \). rwp @2Peter:2:11 @{Whereas } (\hopou \). Loose use of \hopou \ (in Xenophon ) = "wherein ." {Though greater } (\meizones ontes \). Than the evil \doxai \. Concessive participle and comparative adjective . {In might and strength } (\ischui kai dunamei \). Locative case . Both indwelling strength (\ischus \, strkjv @Mark:12:30 |) and ability (\dunamis \, strkjv @Matthew:25:15 |). {Railing judgment } (\blasphemon krisin \). "Blasphemous accusation ." {Against them } (\kat ' aut “n \). The evil angels (\doxai \). {Before the Lord } (\para kuri “i \). In God 's presence . See strkjv @Jude:1:9 | and possibly Enoch 9 . rwp @2Peter:2:12 @{But these } (\houtoi de \). The false teachers of verse 1 |. {As creatures } (\z “a \). Living creatures , old word , from \z “os \ (alive ), strkjv @Jude:1:10 ; strkjv @Revelation:4:6-9 |. {Without reason } (\aloga \). Old adjective , in N .T . only here , strkjv @Jude:1:10 ; strkjv @Acts:25:27 |. Brute beasts like \th ˆria \ (wild animals ). {Born } (\gegenn ˆmena \). Perfect passive participle of \genna “\. {Mere animals } (\phusika \). Old adjective in \-ikos \ (from \phusis \, nature ), natural animals , here only in N .T . {To be taken } (\eis hal “sin \). "For capture " (old substantive , from \halo “\, here only in N .T .). {And destroyed } (\kai phthoran \). "And for destruction " just like a beast of prey caught . See strkjv @1:4 |. {In matters whereof they are ignorant } (\en hois agnoousin \). "In which things they are ignorant ." Here \en hois \ = \en toutois ha \ (in those things which ), a common Greek idiom . For \agnoe “\ (present active indicative ) see strkjv @1Thessalonians:4:13 ; strkjv @1Timothy:1:7 | for a like picture of loud ignoramuses posing as professional experts . {Shall in their destroying surely be destroyed } (\en t ˆi phthor ƒi aut “n phthar ˆsontai \). Second future passive of \phtheir “\. Rhetorical Hebraism in the use of \en phthor ƒi \ (same root as \phtheir “\), word four times in II Peter . See strkjv @Jude:1:10 |. rwp @2Peter:2:13 @{Suffering wrong } (\adikoumenoi \). Present middle or passive participle of \adike “\ to do wrong . Songs:Aleph B P , but A C K L have \komioumenoi \ (future middle participle of \komiz “\), shall receive . {As the hire of wrong-doing } (\misthon adikias \). The Elephantine papyrus has the passive of \adike “\ in the sense of being defrauded , and that may be the idea here . Peter plays on words again here as often in II Peter . The picture proceeds now with participles like \h ˆgoumenoi \ (counting ). {Pleasure } (\h ˆdon ˆn \). See strkjv @James:4:1 ,3 |. {To revel in the daytime } (\t ˆn en h ˆmer ƒi truph ˆn \). "The in the daytime revel " (old word \truph ˆ\ from \thrupt “\, to enervate , in N .T . only here and strkjv @Luke:7:25 |). {Spots } (\spiloi \). Old word for disfiguring spot , in N .T . only here and strkjv @Ephesians:5:27 |. {Blemishes } (\m “moi \). Old word for blot (kin to \mu “\), only here in N .T . See strkjv @1Peter:1:19 | for \am “mos kai aspilos \. {Revelling } (\entruph “ntes \). Present active participle of \entrupha “\, old compound for living in luxury , only here in N .T . {In their love-feasts } (\en tais agapais \). Songs:B Sah , but Aleph A C K L P read \apatais \ (in their deceivings ). If \agapais \ is genuine as it is in strkjv @Jude:1:12 |, they are the only N .T . examples of this use of \agap ˆ\. {While they feast with you } (\suneu “choumenoi \). Present passive participle of late and rare verb \suneu “che “\ (\sun \, together , and \eu “che “\, to feed abundantly ) to entertain with . Clement of Alex . ( _Paed_ . ii . I . 6 ) applies \eu “chia \ to the \agap ˆ\. rwp @2Peter:2:14 @{Of adultery } (\moichalidos \). Rather , "of an adulteress ," like strkjv @James:4:4 |. Vivid picture of a man who cannot see a woman without lascivious thoughts toward her (Mayor ). Cf . strkjv @Matthew:5:28 |. {That cannot cease } (\akatapastous \). Reading of A B in place of \akatapaustous \ (alpha privative and verbal of \katapau “\, to cease ). "Unable to stop ." This a late verbal , only here in N .T . It is probable that \akatapastous \ is merely a misspelling of \akatapaustous \. {From sin } (\hamartias \). Ablative case as in strkjv @1Peter:4:1 | (\hamartias \). Insatiable lust . {Enticing } (\deleazontes \). Present active participle of \deleaz “\, to catch by bait as in verse 18 ; strkjv @James:1:14 |. {Unsteadfast } (\ast ˆriktous \). Late verbal adjective (alpha privative and \st ˆriz “\), in Longinus and Vettius Valens , here alone in N .T . {Exercised } (\gegumnasmen ˆn \). Perfect passive predicate participle with \echontes \, from \gumnaz “\ precisely as in strkjv @Hebrews:5:14 |. Rhetorical metaphor from the gymnasium . {In covetousness } (\pleonexias \). Genitive case after the participle . {Children of cursing } (\kataras tekna \). Hebraism like \tekna hupako ˆs \ in strkjv @1Peter:1:14 | = accursed (\kataratoi \). rwp @2Peter:2:15 @{Forsaking } (\kataleipontes \). Present active participle of \kataleip “\ (continually leaving ) or \katalipontes \ (second aorist active ), having left . {The right way } (\eutheian hodon \). "The straight way " of strkjv @1Samuel:12:23 | (cf . strkjv @Matthew:7:13f .| for this use of \hodos \), "the way of truth " (2:2 |). {They went astray } (\eplan ˆth ˆsan \). First aorist passive indicative of \plana “\, like strkjv @Mark:12:24 |. {The way of Balaam } (\t ˆi hod “i tou Balaam \). Associative instrumental case after \exakolouth ˆsantes \, for which verb see strkjv @1:16 ; strkjv @2:2 |. These false teachers , as shown in verse 13 |, followed the way of Balaam , "who loved the hire of wrong-doing " (\hos misthon adikias ˆgap ˆsen \). rwp @2Peter:2:16 @{But he was rebuked } (\elegxin de eschen \). "But he had rebuke ." Second aorist active indicative of \ech “\ and accusative of \elegxis \ (late word from \elegch “\, a periphrasis for \elegch “\, here only in N .T . {For his own transgression } (\idias paranomias \). Objective genitive of \paranomia \, old word (from \paranomos \ lawbreaker ), here only in N .T . {A dumb ass } (\hupozugion aph “non \). Dumb is without voice , old word for idols and beasts . The adjective \hupozugios \ (\hupo zugon on \) "being under a yoke ," is applied to the ass as the common beast of burden (papyri , Deissmann , _Bible Studies_ , p . 160 ), in N .T . only here and strkjv @Matthew:21:5 |. {Spake } (\phthegxamenon \). First aorist middle participle of \phtheggomai \, old verb , to utter a sound , in N .T . only here , verse 18 , strkjv @Acts:4:18 |. {Stayed } (\ek “lusen \). First aorist active indicative of \k “lu “\, to hinder . {Madness } (\paraphronian \). Only known example of this word instead of the usual \paraphrosun ˆ\ or \paraphron ˆsis \. It is being beside one 's wits . rwp @2Peter:2:17 @{Without water } (\anudroi \). As in strkjv @Matthew:12:43 ; strkjv @Luke:11:24 |. Old word for common and disappointing experience of travellers in the orient . {Mists } (\homichlai \). Old word for fog , here alone in N .T . {Driven by a storm } (\hupo lailapos elaunomenai \). \Lailaps \ is a squall (Mark:4:37 ; strkjv @Luke:8:23 |, only other N .T . examples ). See strkjv @James:3:4 | for another example of \elaun “\ for driving power of wind and waves . {For whom } (\hois \). Dative case of personal interest . {The blackness } (\ho zophos \). See verse 4 | for this word . {Hath been reserved } (\tet ˆr ˆtai \). Perfect passive participle of \t ˆre “\, for which see verses 4 ,9 |. rwp @2Peter:2:18 @{Great swelling words } (\huperogka \). Old compound adjective (\huper \ and \ogkos \, a swelling , swelling above and beyond ), in N .T . only here and strkjv @Jude:1:16 |. {Of vanity } (\mataiot ˆtos \). Late and rare word (from \mataios \, empty , vain ), often in LXX , in N .T . here , strkjv @Romans:8:20 ; strkjv @Ephesians:4:17 |. {By lasciviousness } (\aselgeiais \). Instrumental plural , "by lascivious acts ." Note asyndeton as in strkjv @1:9 ,17 |. {Those who are just escaping } (\tous olig “s apopheugontas \). Songs:A B read \olig “s \ (slightly , a little ), while Aleph C K L P read \ont “s \ (actually ). \Olig “s \ late and rare , only here in N .T . Songs:again the Textus Receptus has \apophugontas \ (second aorist active participle , clean escaped ) while the correct text is the present active \apopheugontas \. {From them that live in error } (\tous en plan ˆi anastrephomenous \). Accusative case after \apopheugontas \ (escaping from ) according to regular idiom . Peter often uses \anastreph “\ and \anastroph ˆ\. rwp @2Peter:2:19 @{Liberty } (\eleutherian \). Promising "personal liberty ," that is license , after the fashion of advocates of liquor today , not the freedom of truth in Christ (John:8:32 ; strkjv @Galatians:5:1 ,13 |). {Themselves bondservants } (\autoi douloi \). "Themselves slaves " of corruption and sin as Paul has it in strkjv @Romans:6:20 |. {Of whom } (\h “i \). Instrumental case , but it may mean "of what ." {Is overcome } (\h ˆtt ˆtai \). Perfect passive indicative of \h ˆtta “\ (from \h ˆtt “n \, less ) old verb , in N .T . only here , verse 20 ; strkjv @2Corinthians:12:13 |. {Of the same } (\tout “i \). "By this one (or thing )." {Is brought into bondage } (\dedoul “tai \). Perfect passive indicative of \doulo “\. Like Paul again (Romans:6:16 ,18 ; strkjv @8:21 |). rwp @2Peter:2:20 @{After they have escaped } (\apophugontes \). Second aorist active participle here (see verse 18 |). {The defilements } (\ta miasmata \). Old word miasma , from \miain “\, here only in N .T . Our "miasma ." The body is sacred to God . Cf . \miasmou \ in verse 10 |. {They are again entangled } (\palin emplakentes \). Second aorist passive participle of \emplek “\, old verb , to inweave (noosed , fettered ), in N .T . only here and strkjv @2Timothy:2:4 |. {Overcome } (\h ˆtt “ntai \). Present passive indicative of \h ˆttao “\, for which see verse 19 |, "are repeatedly worsted ." Predicate in the condition of first class with \ei \. It is not clear whether the subject here is "the deluded victims " (Bigg ) or the false teachers themselves (Mayor ). See strkjv @Hebrews:10:26 | for a parallel . {Therein } (\toutois \). Songs:locative case (in these "defilements "), but it can be instrumental case ("by these ," Strachan ). {With them } (\autois \). Dative of disadvantage , "for them ." {Than the first } (\t “n pr “t “n \). Ablative case after the comparative \cheirona \. See this moral drawn by Jesus (Matthew:12:45 ; strkjv @Luke:11:26 |). rwp @2Peter:2:21 @{It were better } (\kreitton ˆn \). Apodosis of a condition of second class without \an \, as is usual with clauses of possibility , propriety , obligation (Matthew:26:24 ; strkjv @1Corinthians:5:10 ; strkjv @Romans:7:7 ; strkjv @Hebrews:9:26 |). {Not to have known } (\m ˆ epegn “kenai \). Perfect active infinitive of \epigin “sk “\ (cf . \epign “sei \, verse 20 |) to know fully . {The way of righteousness } (\t ˆn hodon t ˆs dikaiosun ˆs \). For the phrase see strkjv @Matthew:21:33 |, also the way of truth (2:2 |), the straight way (2:15 |). {After knowing it } (\epignousin \). Second aorist active participle of \epigin “sk “\ (just used ) in the dative plural agreeing with \autois \ (for them ). {To turn back } (\hupostrepsai \). First aorist active infinitive of \hupostreph “\, old and common verb , to turn back , to return . {From } (\ek \). Out of . Songs:in strkjv @Acts:12:25 | with \hupostreph “\. With ablative case . See strkjv @Romans:7:12 | for \hagia \ applied to \h ˆ entol ˆ\ (cf . strkjv @1Timothy:6:14 |). II Peter strikes a high ethical note (1:5ff .|). {Delivered } (\paradotheis ˆs \). First aorist passive participle feminine ablative singular of \paradid “mi \. rwp @2Peter:2:22 @{It has happened } (\sumbeb ˆken \). Perfect active indicative of \sumbain “\, for which see strkjv @1Peter:4:12 |. {According to the true proverb } (\to t ˆs al ˆthous paroimias \). "The word (\to \ used absolutely , the matter of , as in strkjv @Matthew:21:21 ; strkjv @James:4:14 |) of the true proverb " (\paroimia \ a wayside saying , for which see strkjv @John:10:6 ; strkjv @16:25 ,29 |). The first proverb here given comes from strkjv @Proverbs:26:11 |. \Exerama \ is a late and rare word (here only in N .T ., in Diosc . and Eustath .) from \exera “\, to vomit . {The sow that had washed } (\h –s lousamen ˆ\). \H –s \, old word for hog , here only in N .T . Participle first aorist direct middle of \lou “\ shows that it is feminine (anarthrous ). This second proverb does not occur in the O .T ., probably from a Gentile source because about the habit of hogs . Epictetus and other writers moralize on the habit of hogs , having once bathed in a filthy mud-hole , to delight in it . {To wallowing } (\eis kulismon \). "To rolling ." Late and rare word (from \kuli “\, strkjv @Mark:9:20 |), here only in N .T . {In the mire } (\borborou \). Objective genitive , old word for dung , mire , here only in N .T . J . Rendel Harris ( _Story of Ahikar_ , p . LXVII ) tells of a story about a hog that went to the bath with people of quality , but on coming out saw a stinking drain and went and rolled himself in it .

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