Acts:1:12-26

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rwp @Acts:1:12 @{Olivet } (\Elai “nos \). Genitive singular . Vulgate _Olivetum_ . Made like \ampel “n \. Here only in the N .T ., usually \to oros t “n Elai “n \ (the Mount of Olives ), though some MSS . have Olivet in strkjv @Luke:19:29 ; strkjv @21:37 |. Josephus ( _Ant_ . VII . 9 , 2 ) has it also and the papyri (Deissmann , _Light from the Ancient East_ , p . 170 ). {A sabbath day 's journey off } (\Sabbatou ech “n hodon \). Luke only says here that Olivet is a Sabbath day 's journey from Jerusalem , not that Jesus was precisely that distance when he ascended . In the Gospel Luke (24:50 |) states that Jesus led them "over against " (\he “s pros \) Bethany (about two miles or fifteen furlongs ). The top of Olivet is six furlongs or three-fourths of a mile . The Greek idiom here is "having a journey of a Sabbath " after "which is nigh unto Jerusalem " (\ho estin eggus Ierousal ˆm \), note the periphrastic construction . Why Luke mentions this item for Gentile readers in this form is not known , unless it was in his Jewish source . See strkjv @Exodus:16:29 ; strkjv @Numbers:35:5 ; strkjv @Joshua:3:4 |. But it does not contradict what he says in strkjv @Luke:24:50 |, where he does not say that Jesus led them all the way to Bethany . rwp @Acts:1:13 @{Into the upper chamber } (\eis to huper “ion \). The upstairs or upper room (\huper \ is upper or over , the adjective \huper “ios \), the room upstairs where the women staid in Homer , then a room up under the flat roof for retirement or prayer (Acts:9:37 ,39 |), sometimes a large third story room suitable for gatherings (Acts:20:9 |). It is possible , even probable , that this is the "large upper room " (\an “geon mega \) of strkjv @Mark:14:15 ; strkjv @Luke:22:12 |. The Vulgate has _coenaculum_ for both words . The word is used in the N .T . only in Acts . It was in a private house as in strkjv @Luke:22:11 | and not in the temple as strkjv @Luke:24:53 | might imply , "continually " (\dia pantos \) these words probably meaning on proper occasions . {They were abiding } (\ˆsan katamenontes \). Periphrastic imperfect active . Perfective use of \kata \, to abide permanently . It is possible that this is the house of Mary the mother of John Mark where the disciples later met for prayer (Acts:12:12 |). Here alone in the N .T ., though old compound . Some MSS . here read \paramenontes \. This could mean constant residence , but most likely frequent resort for prayer during these days , some being on hand all the time as they came and went . {Simon the Zealot } (\Simon ho Z ˆl “t ˆs \). Called Simon the Cananaean (\ho Cananaios \) in strkjv @Matthew:10:4 , strkjv @Mark:3:18 |, but Zealot in strkjv @Luke:6:16 | as here giving the Greek equivalent of the Aramaic word because Luke has Gentiles in mind . The epithet (member of the party of Zealots ) clung to him after he became an apostle and distinguishes him from Simon Peter . See Vol . I on the Gospel of Matthew for discussion of the four lists of the apostles . {Judas the son of James } (\Joudas Iak “bou \). Literally , Judas of James , whether son or brother (cf . strkjv @Jude:1:1 |) we do not really know . "Of James " is added to distinguish him from Judas Iscariot (John:14:22 |). However we take it , he must be identified with the Thaddaeus (=Lebbaeus ) of Mark and Matthew to make the list in the third group identical . No name appears in Acts for that of Judas Iscariot . rwp @Acts:1:14 @{With one accord } (\homothumadon \). Old adverb in \-don \ from adjective \homothumos \ and that from \homos \, same , and \thumos \, mind or spirit , with the same mind or spirit . Common in ancient Greek and papyri . In the N .T . eleven times in Acts and nowhere else save strkjv @Romans:15:6 |. See strkjv @Matthew:18:19 |. {Continued } (\ˆsan proskarterountes \). Periphrastic imperfect active of \proskartere “\, old verb from \pros \ (perfective use ) and \kartere “\ from \karteros \, strong , steadfast , like the English "carry on ." Already in strkjv @Mark:3:9 | which see and several times in Acts and Paul 's Epistles . They "stuck to " the praying (\t ˆi proseuch ˆi \, note article ) for the promise of the Father till the answer came . {With the women } (\sun gunaixin \). Associative instrumental case plural of \gun ˆ\ after \sun \. As one would expect when praying was the chief work on hand . More women certainly included than in strkjv @Luke:8:2 ; strkjv @Mark:15:40f .; strkjv @Matthew:27:55f .; strkjv @Luke:23:49 ; strkjv @Mark:15:47 ; strkjv @Matthew:27:61 ; strkjv @Luke:23:55f .; strkjv @Mark:16:1 ; strkjv @Matthew:28:1 ; strkjv @Luke:24:1f .; strkjv @John:20:1 , 11-18 ; strkjv @Matthew:28:9f |. There were probably other women also whose testimony was no longer scouted as it had been at first . Codex Bezae adds here "and children ." {And Mary the mother of Jesus } (\kai Mariam t ˆi m ˆtri tou I ˆsou \). A delicate touch by Luke that shows Mary with her crown of glory at last . She had come out of the shadow of death with the song in her heart and with the realization of the angel 's promise and the prophecy of Simeon . It was a blessed time for Mary . {With his brethren } (\sun tois adelphois autou \). With his brothers , it should be translated . They had once disbelieved in him (John:7:5 |). Jesus had appeared to James (1Corinthians:15:7 |) and now it is a happy family of believers including the mother and brothers (half-brothers , literally ) of Jesus . They continue in prayer for the power from on high . rwp @Acts:1:15 @{Brethren } (\adelph “n \). Codex Bezae has "disciples ." {Multitude of persons } (\ochlos onomat “n \). Literally , multitude of names . This Hebraistic use of \onoma \=person occurs in the LXX (Numbers:1:2 ; strkjv @18:20 ; strkjv @3:40 ,43 ; strkjv @26:53 |) and in strkjv @Revelation:3:4 ; strkjv @11:13 |. {Together } (\epi to auto \). The word "gathered " is not in the Greek here , but it does occur in strkjv @Matthew:22:34 | and that is undoubtedly the idea in strkjv @Luke:17:35 | as in strkjv @Acts:2:1 ,44 ,47 ; strkjv @1Corinthians:11:20 ; strkjv @14:23 |. Songs:also here . They were in the same place (\to auto \). {About a hundred and twenty } (\h “s hekaton eikosi \). A crowd for "the upper room ." No special significance in the number 120 , just the number there . rwp @Acts:1:16 @{Brethren } (\andres adelphoi \). Literally , men , brethren or brother men . More dignified and respectful than just "brethren ." Demosthenes sometimes said \Andres Ath ˆnaioi \. Cf . our "gentlemen and fellow-citizens ." Women are included in this address though \andres \ refers only to men . {It was needful } (\edei \). Imperfect tense of the impersonal \dei \ with the infinitive clause (first aorist passive ) and the accusative of general reference as a loose subject . Peter here assumes that Jesus is the Messiah and finds scripture illustrative of the treachery of Judas . He applies it to Judas and quotes the two passages in verse 20 | (Psalms:69:25 ; strkjv @109:8 |). The Holy Spirit has not yet come upon them , but Peter feels moved to interpret the situation . He feels that his mind is opened by Jesus (Luke:24:45 |). It is a logical , not a moral , necessity that Peter points out . Peter here claims the Holy Spirit as speaking in the scriptures as he does in strkjv @2Peter:1:21 |. His description of Judas as "guide " (\hod ˆgou \) to those who seized (\sullabousin \) Jesus is that of the base traitor that he was . This very verb occurs in strkjv @Luke:22:54 | of the arrest of Jesus . rwp @Acts:1:17 @{Was numbered } (\kat ˆrithmenos ˆn \). Periphrastic past perfect passive indicative of \katarithme “\, old verb , but here only in the N .T . (perfective use of \kata \). {Received his portion } (\elachen ton kl ˆron \). Second aorist active indicative of \lagchan “\, old verb , to obtain by lot as in strkjv @Luke:1:9 ; strkjv @John:19:24 |, especially by divine appointment as here and strkjv @2Peter:2:1 |. \Kl ˆros \ also means lot , an object used in casting lots (Acts:1:26 |), or what is obtained by lot as here and strkjv @8:21 |, of eternal salvation (Acts:26:18 ; strkjv @Colossians:1:12 |), of persons chosen by divine appointment (1Peter:5:3 |). From this latter usage the Latin _cleros , clericus_ , our clergy , one chosen by divine lot . Songs:Peter says that Judas "obtained by lot the lot of this ministry " (\diakonias \) which he had when he betrayed Jesus . The Master chose him and gave him his opportunity . rwp @Acts:1:18 @{Now this man } (\Houtos men oun \). Note \men oun \ again without a corresponding \de \ as in strkjv @1:6 |. Verses 18 ,19 | are a long parenthesis of Luke by way of explanation of the fate of Judas . In verse 20 | Peter resumes and quotes the scripture to which he referred in verse 16 |. {Obtained } (\ekt ˆsato \). First aorist middle indicative of \ktaomai \, to acquire , only in the middle , to get for oneself . With the covenant money for the betrayal , acquired it indirectly apparently according to strkjv @Matthew:26:14-16 ; strkjv @27:3-8 | which see . {Falling headlong } (\pr ˆn ˆs genomenos \). Attic form usually \pran ˆs \. The word means , not "headlong ," but "flat on the face " as opposed to \huptios \ on the back (Hackett ). Hackett observes that the place suits admirably the idea that Judas hung himself (Matthew:27:5 |) and , the rope breaking , fell flat on his face and {burst asunder in the midst } (\elak ˆsen mesos \). First aorist active indicative of \lask “\ old verb (here only in the N .T .), to clang , to crack , to crash , like a falling tree . Aristophanes uses it of crashing bones . \Mesos \ is predicate nominative referring to Judas . {Gushed out } (\exechuth ˆ\). First aorist passive indicative of \ekche “\, to pour out . rwp @Acts:1:19 @{Language } (\dialekt “i \). Not a dialect of the Greek , but a different language , the Aramaic . Songs:also in strkjv @2:6 ; strkjv @21:40 |. \Dialektos \ is from \dialegomai \, to converse , to speak between two (\dia \). {Akeldama } (\Hakeldamach \). This Aramaic word Peter explains as "the field of blood ." Two traditions are preserved : one in strkjv @Matthew:27:7 | which explains that the priests purchased this potter 's field with the money which Judas flung down as the price of the blood of Jesus . The other in Acts describes it as the field of blood because Judas poured out his blood there . Hackett and Knowling argue that both views can be true . "The ill-omened name could be used with a double emphasis " (Hackett ). rwp @Acts:1:20 @{For it is written } (\gegraptai gar \). Luke here returns to the address of Peter interrupted by verses 18 ,19 |. Perfect passive indicative , the usual idiom in quoting scripture , stands written . strkjv @Psalms:69 | is often quoted as Messianic in Matthew and John . {His habitation } (\h ˆ epaulis autou \). Only here in the N .T ., a country house , cottage , cabin . {His office } (\t ˆn episkop ˆn autou \). Our word bishopric (Authorized Version ) is from this word , office of bishop (\episcopos \). Only that is not the idea here , but over-seership (\epi , skope “\) or office as in strkjv @1Peter:2:12 |. It means to visit and to inspect , to look over . The ecclesiastical sense comes later (1Timothy:3:1 |). rwp @Acts:1:21 @{Must } (\dei \). Present necessity corresponding to the old necessity (\edei \) about Judas (verse 16 |). This sentence in verses 21 ,22 | begins with \dei \. {That } (\h “i \). Locative case of the relative attracted to the case of the antecedent . {Went in and went out } (\eis ˆlthen kai ex ˆlthen \). Constative aorist active . {With us } (\eph ' h ˆmas \). {Over us }, the margin has it . But the full phrase would be \eph ' h ˆmas kai aph ' h ˆm “n \. He came to us and went from us (Knowling ). rwp @Acts:1:22 @{Beginning } (\arxamenos \). Aorist middle participle of \arch “\, agreeing (nominative ) with \ho kurios I ˆsous \ (the Lord Jesus ). The ministry of Jesus began with the ministry of John . Strictly speaking \arxamenos \ should be the accusative and agree with \martura \ (witness ) in verse 22 |, but the construction is a bit free . The ministry of Jesus began with the baptism of John and lasted until the Ascension . {A witness with us of his resurrection } (\martura t ˆs anastase “s autou sun h ˆmin \). This Peter considers the essential thing in a successor to Judas . The one chosen should be a personal witness who can speak from his own experience of the ministry , resurrection , and ascension of the Lord Jesus . One can easily see that this qualification will soon put an end to those who bear such personal testimony . rwp @Acts:1:23 @{They put forward two } (\est ˆsan duo \). First aorist active indicative (transitive ) of \hist ˆmi \ (not intransitive second aorist , though same form in the third person plural ). Somebody nominated two names , Justus and Matthias . rwp @Acts:1:24 @{Show us the one whom thou hast chosen } (\anadeixon hon exelex “\). First aorist active imperative of \anadeiknumi \, to show up , make plain . First aorist middle indicative second person singular of \ekleg “\, to pick out , choose , select . In this prayer they assume that God has made a choice . They only wish to know his will . They call God the {heart-searcher } or {heart-knower } (\kardiogn “sta \, vocative singular ), a late word , here and strkjv @Acts:15:8 | only in the N .T . Modern physicians have delicate apparatus for studying the human heart . rwp @Acts:1:25 @{Apostleship } (\apostol ˆs \). Jesus had called the twelve apostles . An old word for sending away , then for a release , then the office and dignity of an apostle (Acts:1:25 ; strkjv @Romans:1:5 ; strkjv @1Corinthians:9:2 ; Gal strkjv @2:8 |). {To his own place } (\eis ton topon ton idion \). A bold and picturesque description of the destiny of Judas worthy of Dante 's _Inferno_ . There is no doubt in Peter 's mind of the destiny of Judas nor of his own guilt . He made ready his own berth and went to it . rwp @Acts:1:26 @{He was numbered } (\sunkateps ˆphisth ˆ\). To the Jews the lot did not suggest gambling , but "the O .T . method of learning the will of Jehovah " (Furneaux ). The two nominations made a decision necessary and they appealed to God in this way . This double compound \sunkataps ˆphiz “\ occurs here alone in the N .T . and elsewhere only in Plutarch ( _Them_ . 21 ) in the middle voice for condemning with others . \Sunps ˆphiz “\ occurs in the middle voice in strkjv @Acts:19:19 | for counting up money and also in Aristophanes . \Ps ˆphiz “\ with \dapan ˆn \ occurs in strkjv @Luke:14:28 | for counting the cost and in strkjv @Revelation:13:18 | for "counting " the number of the beast . The ancients used pebbles (\ps ˆphoi \) in voting , black for condemning , white (Revelation:2:17 |) in acquitting . Here it is used in much the same sense as \katarithme “\ in verse 17 |.

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