Acts:4

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rwp @Acts:4:1 @{The captain of the temple } (\ho strat ˆgos tou hierou \). Twenty-four bands of Levites guarded the temple , one guard at a time . They watched the gates . The commander of each band was called captain (\strat ˆgos \). Josephus names this captain of the temple police next to the high priest ( _War_ . VI . 5 , 3 ). {The Sadducees } (\hoi Saddoukaioi \). Most of the priests were Sadducees now and all the chief priests since John Hyrcanus I deserted the Pharisees (Josephus , _Ant_ . XVII . 10 , 6 ; XVIII . 1 , 4 ; XX . 9 , 1 ). The Sadducees were slow to line up with the Pharisees against Jesus , but they now take the lead against Peter and John . {Came upon them } (\epest ˆsan autois \). Second aorist active indicative (intransitive ). Burst upon them suddenly or stood by them in a hostile attitude here (Luke:20:1 ; strkjv @24:4 ; strkjv @Acts:6:12 ; strkjv @17:5 ; strkjv @22:20 ; strkjv @23:11 |). rwp @Acts:4:2 @{Being sore troubled } (\diaponoumenoi \). Present passive participle of old verb \diapone “\ (perfective use of \dia \) to be worked up , indignant . In the N .T . only here and strkjv @16:8 |. {Because } (\dia to \). The articular infinitive with two accusatives , one the object (the people ), the other ("they ") of general reference . {In Jesus } (\en I ˆsou \). In the case of Jesus , an actual instance of resurrection which the Sadducees denied (Matthew:22:23 |). This same use of \en \ appears in strkjv @1Corinthians:4:6 | (in us ). The Sadducees were also aristocrats and political ecclesiastics who disliked popular disturbances . In particular , they resented the claim about Jesus whom they had helped crucify . rwp @Acts:4:3 @{In ward } (\eis t ˆr ˆsin \). Probably in one of the chambers of the temple . In safe keeping (from \t ˆre “\, to guard ). Old word , in the N .T . only here and strkjv @Acts:5:18 ; strkjv @1Corinthians:7:19 |. Songs:in papyri . {Now eventide } (\hespera ˆd ˆ\). Hence no trial could take place before the next day , a regulation violated in the case of Jesus . rwp @Acts:4:4 @{Men } (\andr “n \). Strictly , men and not women , for \anthr “pos \ is the term for both men and women . But in strkjv @Luke:11:31 | \andres \ seems to include both men and women and that is possible here , though by no means certain , for see strkjv @Matthew:14:21 | where the women and children are expressly excepted . rwp @Acts:4:5 @{Rulers and elders and scribes } (\tous archontas kai tous presbuterous kai tous grammateis \). The three classes composing the Sanhedrin (rulers =chief priests who were Sadducees , the scribes usually Pharisees , the elders not in either class : 24 priests , 24 elders , 22 scribes ). {Were gathered together } (\sunachth ˆnai \). First aorist passive infinitive of \sunag “\ with accusative of general reference and the subject of \egeneto \. rwp @Acts:4:6 @{Annas } (\Hannas \). One of the rulers or chief priests , ex-high priest (A .D . 7-14 ) and father-in-law of {Caiaphas } (\Kaiaphas \) who was actual high priest at that time , though the title clung to Annas as here (both so called in strkjv @Luke:3:2 |), Caiaphas so by Roman law , Annas so in the opinion of the Jews . They with John and Alexander are the leaders among the Sadducees in pressing the case against Peter and John . rwp @Acts:4:7 @{In the midst } (\en t “i mes “i \). The Sanhedrin sat in a semicircle . {They inquired } (\epunthanonto \). Imperfect middle , began to inquire . {Or in what name } (\ˆ en poi “i onomati \). As if by some magical formula such as exorcists practised (Acts:19:13 |) as if to catch them by (Deuteronomy:13:1 |). {Have ye done this } (\epoi ˆsate touto humeis \). Note emphatic use of \humeis \ (ye ). rwp @Acts:4:8 @{Filled with the Holy Spirit } (\pl ˆstheis pneumatos hagiou \). For this occasion and so above all fear as in verse 31 | and as in strkjv @2:4 |. rwp @Acts:4:9 @{Concerning a good deed done to an impotent man } (\epi euergesi ƒi anthr “pou asthenous \). Objective genitive . Note \euergesia \ (old word , in the N .T . only here and strkjv @1Timothy:6:2 |), as a benefactor , not a malefactor . Skilful turn made by Peter . {Is made whole } (\ses “stai \). Perfect passive indicative of \s “z “\, stands whole . rwp @Acts:4:10 @{Be it known } (\gn “ston est “\). Imperative present active third singular of \eimi \, to be , and the verbal adjective \gn “ston \. {Whom ye crucified } (\hon humeis estaur “sate \). Too good a chance to miss , and so Peter boldly charges the Sanhedrin with responsibility for the death of Jesus . Note \humeis \ (ye ) again . {Whom God raised from the dead } (\hon ho theos ˆgeiren ek nekr “n \). Note repetition of \hon \ (whom ). This is God 's answer to their act of crucifixion . {In him doth this man stand } (\en tout “i houtos parest ˆken \). Rather (note play on \houtos \), "In this one (\hon , hon \) this one stands (present perfect active indicative , intransitive )." In Jesus this man stands before you whole (\hugi ˆs \). It was a centre shot . rwp @Acts:4:11 @{Of you the builders } (\huph ' hum “n t “n oikodom “n \). The experts , the architects , had rejected Jesus for their building (Psalms:118:22 |) as Jesus himself had pointed out (Matthew:21:42 ; strkjv @Luke:21:17 |). This very Rejected Stone God had made the head of the corner (either the highest corner stone right under the roof or the corner stone under the building , strkjv @Isaiah:28:16 |) as Jesus showed , as Peter here declares and repeats later (1Peter:2:6f .|). rwp @Acts:4:12 @{Salvation } (\h ˆ s “t ˆria \). The Messianic salvation as in strkjv @5:31 ; strkjv @17:11 | and as Jesus meant in strkjv @John:4:22 |. It is amazing to see Peter speaking thus to the Sanhedrin and proclaiming the necessity of salvation (\dei s “th ˆnai \) in the name of Jesus Christ and in no other . If this was true then , it is true today . There is no second (\heteron \) name to go beside that of Jesus in India , China , Japan , or America . rwp @Acts:4:13 @{The boldness } (\t ˆn parr ˆsian \). Telling it all (\pan , r ˆsia \). See also verses 29 ,31 |. Actually Peter had turned the table on the Sanhedrin and had arraigned them before the bar of God . {Had perceived } (\katalabomenoi \). Second aorist middle participle of \katalamban “\, common verb to grasp strongly (\kata \), literally or with the mind (especially middle voice ), to comprehend . The rulers recalled Peter and John from having seen them often with Jesus , probably during the temple teaching , etc . {They were unlearned } (\agrammatoi eisin \). Present indicative retained in indirect discourse . Unlettered men without technical training in the professional rabbinical schools of Hillel or Shammai . Jesus himself was so regarded (John:7:15 |, "not having learned letters "). {And ignorant } (\kai idi “tai \). Old word , only here in the N .T . and strkjv @1Corinthians:14:24 ; strkjv @2Corinthians:11:6 |. It does not mean "ignorant ," but a layman , a man not in office (a private person ), a common soldier and not an officer , a man not skilled in the schools , very much like \agrammatos \. It is from \idios \ (one 's own ) and our "idiosyncracy " is one with an excess of such a trait , while "idiot " (this very word ) is one who has nothing but his idiosyncracy . Peter and John were men of ability and of courage , but they did not belong to the set of the rabbis . {They marvelled } (\ethaumazon \). Imperfect (inchoative ) active , began to wonder and kept it up . {Took knowledge of them } (\epegin “skon autous \). Imperfect (inchoative ) active again , they began to recognize them as men that they had seen with Jesus . rwp @Acts:4:14 @{They could say nothing against it } (\ouden eichon anteipein \). Imperfect again , they kept on having nothing to say against it . The lame man was standing there before their eyes in proof of what Peter had said . rwp @Acts:4:15 @{They conferred among themselves } (\suneballon pros all ˆlous \). Imperfect active again . With Peter and John and the lame man outside , they began to compare (\sun , ball “\) notes and take stock of their predicament . rwp @Acts:4:16 @{What shall we do ?} (\Ti poi ˆs “men \). Deliberative aorist active subjunctive (ingressive and urgent aorist ). {Notable miracle } (\gn “ston s ˆmeion \). Or sign . It was useless to deny it with the man there . {We cannot deny it } (\ou dunametha arneisthai \). That is , it will do no good . rwp @Acts:4:17 @{That it spread no further } (\hina m ˆ epi pleion dianem ˆth ˆi \). First aorist passive subjunctive of \dianem “\, to distribute with \hina m ˆ\, negative purpose . {Let us threaten them } (\apeil ˆs “metha autois \). Hortatory aorist middle subjunctive of \apeile “\, old verb (note middle voice ). In the N .T . only here and strkjv @1Peter:2:23 |. {That they speak henceforth to no man in this name } (\m ˆketi lalein epi t “i onomati tout “i m ˆdeni anthr “p “n \). Indirect command with the infinitive and double negative (\m ˆketi , m ˆdeni \). They will not say "Jesus ," but make a slur at "this name ," contemptuous use of \houtos \, though they apparently do mention the name "Jesus " in verse 18 |. rwp @Acts:4:18 @{Not to speak at all } (\katholou m ˆ phtheggesthai \). Same construction as above , infinitive in indirect command with negative \m ˆ\ (and \m ˆde \). rwp @Acts:4:20 @{For we cannot but speak } (\ou dunametha gar h ˆmeis--m ˆ lalein \). Both negatives hold here , "For we (note emphatic \h ˆmeis \) are not able not to speak " (what we saw and heard ). This is defiance of the civil and ecclesiastical authorities that was justified , for the temple authorities stepped in between the conscience and God . Peter and John were willing to pay the price of this defiance with their lives . This is the courage of martyrs through all the ages . rwp @Acts:4:21 @{When they had further threatened them } (\prosapeil ˆsamenoi \). The "further " is in "pros " (in addition ), {Finding nothing how they might punish them } (\m ˆden heuriskontes to p “s kolas “ntai autous \). Note the article "to " before \p “s \ (how ), "the how ." Aorist middle deliberative subjunctive \kolas “ntai \ in indirect question after \p “s \ from \kolaz “\, to lop (\kolos \, lopped ), to curb , to prune , to correct , to punish . Old verb , in the N .T . only here and strkjv @2Peter:2:9 |. {Glorified God } (\edoxazon ton theon \). Imperfect active , kept on glorifying God while the Sanhedrin were threatening Peter and John . It was to laugh at the helplessness of the Sanhedrin . rwp @Acts:4:22 @{Was wrought } (\gegonei \). Second past perfect active without augment from \ginomai \. rwp @Acts:4:23 @{To their own company } (\pros tous idious \). Their own people as in strkjv @John:1:11 ; strkjv @13:1 ; strkjv @Acts:24:23 ; strkjv @1Timothy:5:8 ; strkjv @Titus:3:14 |, not merely the apostles (all the disciples ). In spite of Peter 's courageous defiance he and John told the brotherhood all that had been said by the Sanhedrin . They had real apprehension of the outcome . rwp @Acts:4:24 @{With one accord } (\homothumadon \). A concert of voices as already seen by the word in strkjv @1:14 ; strkjv @2:46 | and later in strkjv @5:12 ; strkjv @7:57 ; strkjv @15:25 |. {O Lord } (\Despota \). Our word despot . Old word for relation of master to slaves or household servants (1Timothy:6:1 ; strkjv @2Timothy:2:21 ; strkjv @Titus:2:9 ; strkjv @1Peter:2:18 |). Simeon thus addressed God (Luke:2:29 |). Songs:in strkjv @2Peter:2:1 ; strkjv @Jude:1:4 ; strkjv @Revelation:6:10 |. See "slaves " in verse 29 |. rwp @Acts:4:25 @{By the mouth of our father David } (\tou patros h ˆm “n dia pneumatos hagiou stomatos Daueid \). From strkjv @Psalms:2:1f |. here ascribed to David . Baumgarten suggests that the whole company sang the second Psalm and then Peter applied it to this emergency . The Greek MSS . do not have \dia \ (by ) here before \stomatos \, but only \dia \ before \pneumatos hagiou \ (the Holy Spirit ). Hort calls this a "primitive error " perhaps due to an early scribe who omitted this second \dia \ so close to the first \dia \ (Robertson , _Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the N .T . _ , p . 238 ). A small list of such primitive errors is there given as suggested by Dr . Hort . {Why } (\hina ti \). This Greek idiom calls for \gen ˆtai \ (second aorist middle subjunctive ), {That what may happen }. {The Gentiles } (\ethn ˆ\). Songs:always in LXX , while \laoi \ (peoples ) can include Jews . {Did rage } (\ephruaxan \). First aorist active indicative of \phruass “\, late word , to neigh like a horse , to prance or stamp the ground , to put on lofty airs . Only here in the N .T . in this quotation from strkjv @Psalms:2:1 |. {Imagine } (\emelet ˆsan \). First aorist active indicative of \meleta “\. Old verb from \melet ˆ\ (care ), to practise , to caution , as orators and rhetoricians . Only here in the N .T . in this quotation . rwp @Acts:4:26 @{Set themselves in array } (\parest ˆsan \). Literally , stood by . {Against his Anointed } (\kata tou Christou autou \). Against his Messiah , his Christ . rwp @Acts:4:27 @{Both Herod and Pontios Pilate } (\H ˆr “id ˆs te kai Pontius Peilatos \). Luke alone (Luke:23:12 |) tells of the reconciliation between Herod and Pilate at the trial of Jesus . Songs:Peter and the rest interpret this prophecy as directly fulfilled in their conduct towards Jesus Christ . {Whom thou didst anoint } (\hon echrisas \). As in verse 26 | (cf . strkjv @Luke:4:18 ; strkjv @Isaiah:61:1 |). Inaugurated as King Messiah . rwp @Acts:4:28 @{Foreordained } (\pro “risen \). First aorist active indicative of \prooriz “\, "They rise above sight and seem to see the Hand which 'shapes men 's ends , rough hew them how they will '" (Furneaux ). rwp @Acts:4:29 @{And now } (\kai ta nun \). "And as to (accusative of general reference ) the now things (the present situation )." Only in the Acts in the N .T . (5:38 ; strkjv @17:30 ; strkjv @20:32 ; strkjv @27:22 |). {Grant } (\dos \). Second aorist active imperative of \did “mi \, urgency of the aorist , Do it now . {To speak thy word with all boldness } (\meta parr ˆsias pas ˆs lalein ton logon sou \). Literally , "with all boldness to go on speaking (present active infinitive ) thy word ." Peter and John had defied the Sanhedrin in verse 20 |, but all the same and all the more they pray for courage in deed to live up to their brave words . A wholesome lesson . rwp @Acts:4:30 @{While thou stretchest forth thy hand } (\en t “i t ˆn cheira ekteinein se \). Luke 's favourite idiom , "In the stretching out (articular present active infinitive ) the hand as to thee " (accusative of general reference ), the second allusion to God 's "hand " in this prayer (verse 28 |). {To heal } (\eis iasin \). For healing . See verse 22 |. {And that signs and wonders may be done } (\kai s ˆmeia kai terata ginesthai \). Either to be taken as in the same construction as \ekteinein \ with \en t “i \ as Revised Version has it here or to be treated as subordinate purpose to \en t “i ekteinein \ (as Knowling , Page , Wendt , Hackett ). The latter most likely true . They ask for a visible sign or proof that God has heard this prayer for courage to be faithful even unto death . rwp @Acts:4:31 @{The place was shaken } (\esaleuth ˆ ho topos \). By an earthquake most likely as in strkjv @16:26 |, but none the less a token of God 's presence and power (Psalms:114:7 ; strkjv @Isaiah:2:19 ,21 ; strkjv @Hebrews:12:26f .|). {Were gathered together } (\ˆsan sun ˆgmenoi \). Periphrastic past perfect passive of \sunag “\. {They spake } (\elaloun \). Imperfect active indicative , began to speak , after being filled (\epl ˆsth ˆsan \, aorist passive indicative ) with the Holy Spirit . Luke uses the very words of the prayer in verse 29 | to describe their conduct . rwp @Acts:4:32 @{Of one heart and soul } (\kardia kai psuch ˆ mia \). It is not possible to make sharp distinction between heart and soul here (see strkjv @Mark:12:30 |), only that there was harmony in thought and affection . But the English translation is curiously unlike the Greek original . "There was one heart and soul (nominative case , not genitive as the English has it ) in the multitude (\tou pl ˆthous \, subjective genitive ) of those who believed ." {Not one of them } (\oude heis \). More emphatic than \oudeis \, "not even one ." {Common } (\koina \). In the use of their property , not in the possession as Luke proceeds to explain . The word \koinos \ is kin to \sun \ (together with )=\xun \ (Epic ) and so \xunos =koinos \. See this word already in strkjv @2:44 |. The idea of unclean (Acts:10:15 |) is a later development from the original notion of common to all . rwp @Acts:4:33 @{Gave their witness } (\apedidoun to marturion \). Imperfect active of \apodid “mi \, old verb to give back , to pay back a debt (Luke:7:42 |), but a late omega form instead of the usual \apedidosan \. They kept on giving their witness with power after the answer to their prayer (verse 31 |). {Of the resurrection } (\t ˆs anastase “s \). It was on this issue that the Sadducees had arrested them (4:1-3 |). rwp @Acts:4:34 @{That lacked } (\ende ˆs \). Literally , in need , old adjective , here only in the N .T . {Were } (\hup ˆrchon \). Imperfect active of \huparch “\, to exist . {Sold them and brought } (\p “lountes epheron \). Present active participle and imperfect active indicative . Selling they brought from time to time , as there was occasion by reason of need . Hence the wants were kept supplied . {Laid them } (\etithoun \). Imperfect active again , _repetition_ , of \tith ˆmi \, late omega form for the usual \etithesan \. rwp @Acts:4:35 @{Distribution was made } (\diedideto \). Imperfect passive of \diadid “mi \, late omega form for \diedidoto \ (the stem vowel \o \ displaced by \e \). Impersonal use of the verb here . {According as any one had need } (\kathoti an tis chreian eichen \). Imperfect active of \ech “\ with \kathoti \ and \an \ with the notion of customary repetition in a comparative clause (Robertson , _Grammar_ , p . 967 ). rwp @Acts:4:36 @{Barnabas } (\Barnabas \). His name was Joseph (correct text , and not Jesus ) and he is mentioned as one illustration of those in verse 34 | who selling brought the money . The apostles gave him the nickname Barnabas by which later he was known because of this noble deed . This fact argues that all did not actually sell , but were ready to do so if needed . Possibly Joseph had a larger estate than some others also . The meaning of the nickname is given by Luke as "son of consolation or exhortation " (\huios parakl ˆse “s \). Doubtless his gifts as a preacher lay along this same line . Rackham thinks that the apostles gave him this name when he was recognized as a prophet . In strkjv @Acts:11:23 | the very word \parekalei \ (exhorted ) is used of Barnabas up at Antioch . He is the type of preacher described by Paul in strkjv @1Corinthians:14:3 |. Encouragement is the chief idea in \parakl ˆsis \ though exhortation , comfort , consolation are used to render it (Acts:9:31 ; strkjv @13:15 ; strkjv @15:31 |). See also strkjv @16:9 ; strkjv @20:12 |. It is not necessary to think that the apostles coined the name Barnabas for Joseph which originally may have come from \Barnebous \ (Deissmann , _Bible Studies_ , pp . 308-10 ), son of Nebo , or even the Hebrew _Bar Nebi_ (son of a prophet ). But , whatever the origin , the popular use is given by Luke . He was even called apostle along with Paul (Acts:14:14 |) in the broad sense of that word . rwp @Acts:4:37 @{Having a held } (\huparchontos aut “i agrou \). Genitive absolute with present active participle of \huparch “\ and dative of possession . {Sold it and brought } (\p “l ˆsas ˆnegken \). Aorist active participle of \p “le “\ and second aorist active indicative of \pher “\ because a single definite instance . Songs:also with \eth ˆken \ (laid ), first aorist active .

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