Ephesians:2:1-10
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rwp @
Ephesians:2:1 @{
And you did he quicken } (\
kai hum
s \).
The verb for {
did he quicken }
does not occur till verse 5 |
and then with \
h
m
s \ (
us )
instead of \
hum
s \ (
you ).
There is a like ellipsis or anacoluthon in strkjv @
Colossians:1:21 ,
22 |,
only there is no change from \
hum
s \
to \
h
m
s \. {
When ye were dead } (\
ontas nekrous \).
Present active participle referring to their former state .
Spiritually dead . {
Trespasses and sins } (\
parapt
masin kai hamartiais \).
Both words (
locative case )
though only one in verse 5 |.
rwp @
Ephesians:2:2 @{
According to the course of this world } (\
kata ton ai
na tou kosmou toutou \).
Curious combinations of \
ai
n \ (
a period of time ), \
kosmos \ (
the world in that period ).
See strkjv @
1Corinthians:1:20 |
for "
this age "
and strkjv @
1Corinthians:3:9 |
for "
this world ." {
The prince of the power of the air } (\
ton archonta t
s exousias tou aeros \). \
A
r \
was used by the ancients for the lower and denser atmosphere and \
aith
r \
for the higher and rarer .
Satan is here pictured as ruler of the demons and other agencies of evil .
Jesus called him "
the prince of this world " (\
ho arch
n tou kosmou toutou \,
strkjv @
John:16:11 |). {
That now worketh } (\
tou nun energountos \).
Those who deny the existence of a personal devil cannot successfully deny the vicious tendencies ,
the crime waves ,
in modern men .
The power of the devil in the lives of men does explain the evil at work "
in the sons of disobedience " (\
en tois huiois t
s apethias \).
In strkjv @
5:6 |
also .
A Hebrew idiom found in the papyri like "
sons of light " (
1Thessalonians:5:5 |).
rwp @
Ephesians:2:3 @{
We also all } (\
kai h
meis pantes \).
We Jews . {
Once lived } (\
anestraph
men pote \).
Second aorist passive indicative of \
anastreph \,
old verb ,
to turn back and forth ,
to live (
2Corinthians:1:12 |).
Cf . \
pote periepat
sate \,
of the Gentiles in verse 2 |. {
The desires } (\
ta thel
mata \).
Late and rare word except in LXX and N .
T .,
from \
thel \,
to will ,
to wish .
Plural here "
the wishes ," "
the wills "
of the flesh like \
tais epithumiais t
s sarkos \
just before .
Gentiles had no monopoly of such sinful impulses . {
Of the mind } (\
t
n dianoi
n \).
Plural again , "
of the thoughts or purposes ." {
Were by nature children of wrath } (\
metha tekna phusei org
s \).
This is the proper order of these words which have been the occasion of much controversy .
There is no article with \
tekna \.
Paul is insisting that Jews as well as Gentiles ("
even as the rest ")
are the objects of God '
s wrath (\
org
s \)
because of their lives of sin .
See strkjv @
Romans:2:1-3:20 |
for the full discussion of this to Jews unpalatable truth .
The use of \
phusei \ (
associative instrumental case of manner )
is but the application of Paul '
s use of "
all " (\
pantes \)
as shown also in strkjv @
Romans:3:20 ;
strkjv @
5:12 |.
See \
phusei \
of Gentiles in strkjv @
Romans:2:14 |.
The implication of original sin is here ,
but not in the form that God '
s wrath rests upon little children before they have committed acts of sin .
The salvation of children dying before the age of responsibility is clearly involved in strkjv @
Romans:5:13f |.
rwp @
Ephesians:2:4 @{
But God } (\
ho de theos \).
Change in the structure of the sentence here ,
resuming verse 1 |
after the break . {
Being rich in mercy } (\
plousios
n en eleei \).
More than \
ele
m
n \ (
being merciful ). {
Wherewith } (\
h
n \).
Cognate accusative with \
gap
sen \ (
loved ).
rwp @
Ephesians:2:5 @{
Even when we were dead } (\
kai ontas h
m
s nekrous \).
Repeats the beginning of verse 1 |,
but he changes \
hum
s \ (
you Gentiles )
to \
h
m
s \ (
us Jews ). {
Quickened us together with Christ } (\
sunez
opoi
sen t
i Christ
i \).
First aorist active indicative of the double compound verb \
sunz
opoie \
as in strkjv @
Colossians:2:13 |
which see .
Associative instrumental case in \
Christ
i \.
Literal resurrection in the case of Jesus ,
spiritual in our case as pictured in baptism . {
By grace have ye been saved } (\
chariti este ses
smenoi \).
Instrumental case of \
chariti \
and perfect passive periphrastic indicative of \
s
z \.
Parenthetical clause interjected in the sentence .
All of grace because we were dead .
rwp @
Ephesians:2:6 @{
In Christ Jesus } (\
en Christ
i I
sou \).
All the preceding turns on this phrase .
See strkjv @
Colossians:3:1 |
for the word \
sun
geiren \. {
Made to sit with him } (\
sunekathisen \).
First aorist active indicative of \
sunkathiz \,
old causative verb ,
but in N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
Luke:22:55 |.
rwp @
Ephesians:2:7 @{
That he might shew } (\
hina endeix
tai \).
Final clause with \
hina \
and first aorist middle subjunctive of \
endeiknumi \.
See strkjv @
1:7 |
for "
riches of grace "
and strkjv @
1:19 |
for "
exceeding " (\
huperballon \). {
In kindness toward us } (\
en chr
stot
ti eph '
h
m
s \).
See strkjv @
Romans:2:7 |
for this word from \
chr
stos \
and that from \
chraomai \,
here God '
s benignity toward us .
rwp @
Ephesians:2:8 @{
For by grace } (\
t
i gar chariti \).
Explanatory reason . "
By the grace "
already mentioned in verse 5 |
and so with the article . {
Through faith } (\
dia piste
s \).
This phrase he adds in repeating what he said in verse 5 |
to make it plainer . "
Grace "
is God '
s part , "
faith "
ours . {
And that } (\
kai touto \).
Neuter ,
not feminine \
taut \,
and so refers not to \
pistis \ (
feminine )
or to \
charis \ (
feminine also ),
but to the act of being saved by grace conditioned on faith on our part .
Paul shows that salvation does not have its source (\
ex hum
n \,
out of you )
in men ,
but from God .
Besides ,
it is God '
s gift (\
d
ron \)
and not the result of our work .
rwp @
Ephesians:2:9 @{
That no man should glory } (\
hina m
tis kauch
s
tai \).
Negative final clause (\
hina m \)
with first aorist middle subjunctive of \
kauchaomai \.
It is all of God '
s grace .
rwp @
Ephesians:2:10 @{
Workmanship } (\
poi
ma \).
Old word from \
poie \
with the ending \-
mat \
meaning result .
In N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
Revelation:1:20 |. {
Created } (\
ktisthentes \).
First aorist passive participle of \
ktiz \,
not the original creation as in strkjv @
Colossians:1:16 ;
strkjv @
Ephesians:3:9 |,
but the moral and spiritual renewal in Christ ,
the new birth ,
as in strkjv @
Ephesians:2:15 ;
strkjv @
4:24 |. {
For good works } (\
epi ergois agathois \).
Probably the true dative of purpose here with \
epi \ (
Robertson ,
_Grammar_
,
p .
605 ).
Purpose of the new creation in Christ . {
Which } (\
hois \).
Attraction of the relative \
ha \ (
accusative after \
pro
toimasen \)
to case of the antecedent \
ergois \. {
Afore prepared } (\
pro
toimasen \).
First aorist active indicative of \
pro
toimaz \,
old verb to make ready beforehand .
In N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
Romans:9:23 |.
Good works by us were included in the eternal foreordination by God . {
That we should walk in them } (\
hina en autois peripat
s
men \).
Expexegetic final clause explanatory of the election to good works .