Galatians:1:12-24
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rwp @
Galatians:1:12 @{
Nor was I taught it } (\
oute edidachth
n \).
He did not receive it "
from man " (\
para anthr
p
n \,
which shuts out both \
apo \
and \
dia \
of verse 1 |),
whether Peter or any other apostle ,
nor was he taught it in the school of Gamaliel in Jerusalem or at the University of Tarsus .
He "
received "
his gospel in one way , "
through revelation of Jesus Christ " (\
di '
apokalupse
s I
sou Christou \).
He used \
parelabon \
in strkjv @
1Corinthians:15:3 |
about the reception of his message from Christ .
It is not necessary to say that he had only one (
because of the aorist active \
parelabon \,
from \
paralamban \,
for it can very well be constative aorist )
revelation (
unveiling )
from Christ .
In fact ,
we know that he had numerous visions of Christ and in strkjv @
1Corinthians:11:23 |
he expressly says concerning the origin of the Lord '
s Supper : "
I received (\
parelabon \,
again )
from the Lord ."
The Lord Jesus revealed his will to Paul .
rwp @
Galatians:1:13 @{
My manner of life } (\
t
n em
n anastroph
n \).
Late word in this sense from Polybius on from \
anastrephomai \.
In the older writers it meant literally "
return "
or "
turning back ."
See strkjv @
1Peter:1:15 |.
It is absent in this sense in the papyri though the verb is common . {
In the Jews '
religion } (\
en t
i Ioudaism
i \). "
In Judaism ."
The word in N .
T .
only here and next verse ,
already in II Macc .
strkjv @
2:21 ;
strkjv @
8:1 ;
strkjv @
14:38 ;
IV Macc .
strkjv @
4:26 .
In these passages it means the Jewish religion as opposed to the Hellenism that the Syrian Kings were imposing upon the Jews .
Songs:later Justin Martyr (
386 D )
will use \
Christianismos \
for Christianity .
Both words are made from verbs in \-
iz \. {
Beyond measure } (\
kath '
huperbol
n \). "
According to excess " (
throwing beyond , \
huperbol \). {
I persecuted } (\
edi
kon \).
Imperfect active , "
I used to persecute " (
see strkjv @
Acts:7-9 |
for the facts ). {
Made havock of it } (\
eporthoun aut
n \).
Customary action again ,
imperfect of old verb \
porthe \,
to lay waste ,
to sack .
In N .
T .
only here ,
verse 23 |,
and strkjv @
Acts:9:31 | (
used by Christians in Damascus of Saul after his conversion of his former conduct ,
the very word of Paul here ).
Paul heard them use it of him and it stuck in his mind .
rwp @
Galatians:1:14 @{
I advanced } (\
proekopton \).
Imperfect active again of \
prokopt \,
old verb ,
to cut forward (
as in a forest ),
to blaze a way ,
to go ahead .
In N .
T .
only here ,
strkjv @
Romans:13:12 ;
strkjv @
2Timothy:2:16 ;
strkjv @
3:9 ,
13 |.
Paul was a brilliant pupil under Gamaliel .
See strkjv @
Phillipians:3:4-6 |.
He was in the lead of the persecution also . {
Beyond many of mine own age } (\
huper pollous sun
liki
tas \).
Later compound form for the Attic \
h
liki
t
s \
which occurs in Dion Hal .
and inscriptions (
from \
sun \,
with ,
and \
h
likia \,
age ).
Paul modestly claims that he went "
beyond " (\
huper \)
his fellow-students in his progress in Judaism . {
More exceedingly zealous } (\
perissoter
s z
lot
s \).
Literally , "
more exceedingly a zealot ."
See on ¯
Acts:1:13 ;
strkjv @
21:20 ;
strkjv @
1Corinthians:14:12 |.
Like Simon Zelotes . {
For the traditions of my fathers } (\
t
n patrik
n mou paradose
n \).
Objective genitive after \
z
lot
s \. \
Patrik
n \
only here in N .
T .,
though old word from \
pat
r \ (
father ),
paternal ,
descending from one '
s father .
For \
patr
ios \
see strkjv @
Acts:22:3 ,
14 |.
Tradition (\
paradosis \)
played a large part in the teaching and life of the Pharisees (
Mark:7:1-23 |).
Paul now taught the Christian tradition (
2Thessalonians:2:15 |).
rwp @
Galatians:1:15 @{
It was the good pleasure of God } (\
eudok
sen ho theos \).
Paul had no doubt about God '
s purpose in him (
1Thessalonians:2:8 |). {
Who separated me } (\
ho aphorisas me \). \
Aphoriz \
is old word (
from \
apo \
and \
horos \)
to mark off from a boundary or line .
The Pharisees were the separatists who held themselves off from others .
Paul conceives himself as a spiritual Pharisee "
separated unto the gospel of God " (
Romans:1:1 |,
the same word \
aph
rismenos \).
Before his birth God had his plans for him and called him .
rwp @
Galatians:1:16 @{
To reveal his Son in me } (\
apokalupsai ton huion autou en emoi \).
By "
in me " (\
en emoi \)
Paul can mean to lay emphasis on his inward experience of grace or he may refer objectively to the vision of Christ on the way to Damascus , "
in my case ."
Paul uses \
en emoi \
in this sense (
in my case )
several times (
verse 24 ;
strkjv @
2Corinthians:13:3 ;
strkjv @
Phillipians:1:30 ;
strkjv @
1Timothy:1:16 |).
Once (
1Corinthians:14:11 |) \
en emoi \
is almost equivalent to the dative (
to me ).
On the whole Lightfoot seems correct here in taking it to mean "
in my case ,"
though the following words suit either idea .
Certainly Paul could not preach Christ among the Gentiles without the rich inward experience and in the objective vision he was called to that task . {
I conferred not with flesh and blood } (\
ou prosanethem
n sarki kai haimati \).
Second aorist middle indicative of \
prosanatith
mi \,
old verb ,
double compound (\
pros ,
ana \),
to lay upon oneself in addition ,
to betake oneself to another ,
to confer with ,
dative case as here .
In N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
2:6 |.
rwp @
Galatians:1:17 @{
Before me } (\
pro emou \).
The Jerusalem apostles were genuine apostles ,
but so is Paul .
His call did not come from them nor did he receive confirmation by them . {
Into Arabia } (\
eis Arabian \).
This visit to Arabia has to come between the two visits to Damascus which are not distinguished in strkjv @
Acts:9:22f |.
In verse 23 |
Luke does speak of "
considerable days "
and so we must place the visit to Arabia between verses 22 ,
23 |.
rwp @
Galatians:1:18 @{
Then after three years } (\
epeita meta tria et \).
A round number to cover the period from his departure from Jerusalem for Damascus to his return to Jerusalem .
This stay in Damascus was an important episode in Paul '
s theological readjustment to his new experience . {
To visit Cephas } (\
histor
sai K
ph
n \).
First aorist infinitive of \
histore \,
old verb (
from \
hist
r \,
one who knows by inquiry ),
to gain knowledge by visiting .
Only here in N .
T .
If we turn to strkjv @
Acts:9:26-30 |,
we shall see that the visit of two weeks to Peter came after Barnabas endorsed Paul to the suspicious disciples in Jerusalem and probably while he was preaching in the city .
It was a delightful experience ,
but Peter did not start Paul upon his apostleship .
He visited him as an equal .
Peter no doubt had much to say to Paul .
rwp @
Galatians:1:19 @{
Except James the brother of the Lord } (\
ei m
Iak
bon ton adelphon tou Kuriou \).
James the son of Zebedee was still living at that time .
The rest of the twelve were probably away preaching and James ,
brother of the Lord ,
is here termed an apostle ,
though not one of the twelve as Barnabas is later so called .
Paul is showing his independence of and equality with the twelve in answer to the attacks of the Judaizers .
rwp @
Galatians:1:20 @{
I lie not } (\
ou pseudomai \).
Songs:important does he deem the point that he takes solemn oath about it .
rwp @
Galatians:1:21 @{
Into the region of Syria and Cilicia } (\
eis ta klimata t
s Syrias kai t
s Kilikias \).
This statement agrees with the record in strkjv @
Acts:9:30 |.
On \
klimata \,
see strkjv @
2Corinthians:11:10 |.
Paul was not idle ,
but at work in Tarsus and the surrounding country .
rwp @
Galatians:1:22 @{
And I was still unknown } (\
m
n de agnoumenos \).
Periphrastic imperfect passive of \
agnoe \,
not to know . {
By face } (\
t
i pros
p
i \).
Associative instrumental case . {
Of Judea } (\
t
s Ioudaias \).
As distinct from Jerusalem ,
for he had once scattered the church there and had revisited them before coming to Tarsus (
Acts:9:26-30 |).
In strkjv @
Acts:9:31 |
the singular of \
ekkl
sia \
is used ,
but in a geographic sense for Judea ,
Samaria ,
and Galilee .
rwp @
Galatians:1:23 @{
They only heard } (\
monon akouontes
san \).
Periphrastic imperfect , "
They were only hearing from time to time ." {
That once persecuted us } (\
ho di
k
n h
mas pote \).
Present active articular participle ,
a sort of participle of antecedent time suggested by \
pote \, "
the one who used to persecute us once upon a time ." {
The faith } (\
t
n pistin \).
Here used in the sense of "
the gospel "
as in strkjv @
Acts:6:7 |.
rwp @
Galatians:1:24 @{
They glorified } (\
edoxazon \).
Imperfect ,
kept on doing it . {
In me } (\
en emoi \).
In my case as in strkjv @
1:16 |.