Hebrews:5
Seeker Overlay ON
rwp @
Hebrews:5:1 @{
In things pertaining to God } (\
ta pros ton theon \).
Accusative of general reference as in strkjv @
2:17 | (
Romans:15:17 |).
The two essential points about any high priest are human sympathy (
5:1-3 |)
and divine appointment (
5:4 |).
He is taken from men and appointed in behalf of men . {
That he may offer } (\
hina prospher
i \).
Purpose clause with \
hina \
and present active subjunctive of \
prospher \, "
that he keep on offering (
from time to time )." {
Both gifts } (\
d
ra \) {
and sacrifices } (\
kai thusias \).
General term (\
d
ra \)
and bloody offerings ,
but the two together are inclusive of all as in strkjv @
8:3 ;
strkjv @
9:9 | (
1Kings:8:64 |). {
For sins } (\
huper hamarti
n \).
His own included (
7:27 |)
except in the case of Jesus .
rwp @
Hebrews:5:2 @{
Who can bear gently } (\
metriopathein dunamenos \).
Present active infinitive of the late verb \
metriopathe \ (\
metrios \,
moderate , \
pate \,
to feel or suffer ).
It is a philosophical term used by Aristotle to oppose the \
apatheia \ (
lack of feeling )
of the Stoics .
Philo ranks it below \
apatheia \.
Josephus (
_Ant_
.
XII .
32 )
uses it of the moderation of Vespasian and Titus towards the Jews .
It occurs here only in the N .
T . "
If the priest is cordially to plead with God for the sinner ,
he must bridle his natural disgust at the loathsomeness of sensuality ,
his impatience at the frequently recurring fall ,
his hopeless alienation from the hypocrite and the superficial ,
his indignation at any confession he hears from the penitent " (
Dods ). {
With the ignorant } (\
tois agnoousin \).
Dative case of the articular present active participle of \
agnoe \,
old verb not to know (
Mark:9:32 |). {
And erring } (\
kai plan
menois \).
Present middle participle (
dative case )
of \
plana \.
The one article with both participles probably makes it a hendiadys ,
sins of ignorance (
both accidence and sudden passion )
as opposed to high-handed sins of presumption and deliberate purpose .
People who sinned "
willingly " (\
hekousi
s \,
strkjv @
10:26 |)
had no provision in the Levitical system .
For deliberate apostasy (
3:12 ;
strkjv @
10:26 |)
no pardon is offered . {
Is compassed with infirmity } (\
perikeitai astheneian \).
Present passive indicative of the old verb \
perikeimai \
here used transitively as in strkjv @
Acts:28:20 | (\
halusin \,
chain ).
The priest himself has weakness lying around him like a chain .
Not so Jesus .
rwp @
Hebrews:5:3 @{
For himself } (\
peri heautou \).
Note \
peri \
three times here (\
peri tou laou ,
peri heautou ,
peri hamarti
n \),
but in verse 1 | \
huper anthr
p
n ,
huper hamarti
n \.
In the _Koin
_
this interchange of \
peri \ (
around )
and \
huper \ (
over )
is common (
Matthew:26:28 |).
rwp @
Hebrews:5:4 @{
Taketh the honour unto himself } (\
heaut
i lambanei t
n tim
n \).
Dative case of personal interest (\
heaut
i \).
The priest was called of God .
This is the ideal and was true of Aaron .
The modern minister is not a priest ,
but he also should be a God-called man and not one who pushes himself into the ministry or into ecclesiastical office .
rwp @
Hebrews:5:5 @{
Songs:Christ also } (\
hout
s kai ho Christos \).
Just as with Aaron .
Jesus had divine appointment as high priest also . {
To be made } (\
gen
th
nai \).
First aorist passive infinitive of \
ginomai \. {
High priest } (\
archierea \).
Predicate accusative agreeing with \
heauton \ (
himself )
object of \
edoxasen \. {
But he that spake unto him } (\
all '
ho lal
sas pros auton \).
Ellipsis of \
edoxasen \
to be supplied from preceding clause .
God did glorify Jesus in appointing him priest as we see in strkjv @
Psalms:2:7 |
quoted already as Messianic (
Hebrews:1:5 |).
Jesus himself repeatedly claimed that the Father sent him on his mission to the world (
John:5:30 ,
43 ;
strkjv @
8:54 ;
strkjv @
17:5 |,
etc .).
Bruce holds that Christ '
s priesthood is co-eval with his Sonship .
Davidson thinks it is merely suitable because he is Son .
Clearly the Father nominated (
Dods )
the Son to the Messianic priesthood (
John:3:16 |).
rwp @
Hebrews:5:6 @{
In another place } (\
en heter
i \).
That is strkjv @
Psalms:110:4 |.
It is this crucial passage by which the author will prove the superiority of Jesus to Aaron as high priest .
Only the word priest (\
hiereus \)
occurs here which the author uses as synonymous with high priest (\
archiereus \).
The point lies in the meaning of the phrase "
After the order of Melchizedek " (\
kata t
n taxin Melchisedek \).
But at this point the only thing pressed is the fact of the divine appointment of Jesus as priest .
He returns to this point (
5:10-7:28 |).
rwp @
Hebrews:5:7 @{
In the days of his flesh } (\
en tais h
merais t
s sarkos autou \).
Here (
verses 7-9 |)
the author turns to the other requirement of a high priest (
human sympathy ).
Since Jesus was "
without sin " (
4:15 |)
he did not have to offer sacrifices "
for himself ,"
yet in all other points he felt the sympathy of the human high priest ,
even more so by reason of his victory over sin . {
Having offered up } (\
prosenegkas \).
Second aorist active (\-
a \
form )
participle of \
prospher \ (
cf .
verse 3 |).
An allusion to the Agony of Christ in Gethsemane . {
Supplications } (\
hiket
rias \).
Socrates ,
Polybius ,
Job :(
Job:40:22 |)
combine this word with \
de
seis \ (
prayers )
as here .
The older form was \
hikesia \.
The word \
hiket
rios \
is an adjective from \
hiket
s \ (
a suppliant from \
hik \,
to come to one )
and suggests one coming with an olive-branch (\
elaia \).
Here only in the N .
T . {
With strong crying and tears } (\
meta kraug
s ischuras kai dakru
n \).
See strkjv @
Luke:22:44f |.
for a picture of the scene in Gethsemane (
anguish and pathos ).
No doubt the writer has in mind other times when Jesus shed tears (
John:11:35 ;
strkjv @
Luke:19:41 |),
but Gethsemane chiefly . {
To save him from death } (\
s
zein ek thanatou \).
A reference to the cry of Jesus in Gethsemane (
Matthew:26:39 |). {
Having been heard for his godly fear } (\
eisakoustheis apo t
s eulabeias \).
Old word from \
eulab
s \ (
taking hold well ,
strkjv @
Luke:2:25 |
from \
eu ,
lamban \,
the verb \
eulabeomai \
in N .
T .
only in strkjv @
Hebrews:11:7 |),
in N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
12:28 |.
Fine picture of Christ '
s attitude toward the Father in the prayer in Gethsemane and in all his prayers .
Jesus in Gethsemane at once surrendered his will to that of the Father who heard his plea and enabled him to acquiesce in the Father '
s will .
rwp @
Hebrews:5:8 @{
Though he was a Son } (\
kaiper
n huios \).
Concessive participle with \
kaiper \,
regular Greek idiom as in strkjv @
7:5 ;
strkjv @
12:17 |. {
Yet learned obedience } (\
emathen hupako
n \).
Second aorist active indicative of \
manthan \.
Succinct and crisp statement of the humanity of Jesus in full harmony with strkjv @
Luke:2:40 ,
52 |
and with strkjv @
Hebrews:2:10 |. {
By the things which he suffered } (\
aph '
h
n epathen \).
There is a play on the two verbs (\
emathen--epathen \),
paronomasia .
Second aorist active indicative of \
pasch \.
He always did his Father '
s will (
John:8:29 |),
but he grew in experience as in wisdom and stature and in the power of sympathy with us .
rwp @
Hebrews:5:9 @{
Having been made perfect } (\
telei
theis \).
First aorist passive participle of \
teleio \,
the completion of the process of training mentioned by this same verb in strkjv @
2:10 | "
by means of sufferings " (\
dia path
mat
n \)
as stated again here in verse 8 |. {
The author of eternal salvation } (\
aitios s
t
rias ai
niou \).
Common adjective from \
aitia \ (
cause ),
causing ,
often in Greek with \
s
t
rias \ (
Aeschines ,
Philo ),
in N .
T .
only here ,
strkjv @
Luke:23:4 ,
14 ,
22 ;
strkjv @
Acts:19:40 |.
See same idea in strkjv @
Hebrews:2:10 | (\
arch
gon \).
See strkjv @
Isaiah:45:17 |.
rwp @
Hebrews:5:10 @{
Named of God } (\
prosagoreutheis \).
First aorist passive participle of \
prosagoreu \,
old verb to salute ,
to address ,
only here in N .
T .
Common in Plutarch .
rwp @
Hebrews:5:11 @{
Of whom } (\
peri hou \).
Or "
concerning which ,"
for \
hou \
can be either masculine or neuter (
genitive ).
It is the likeness of Jesus as high priest to Melchizedek that the author has in mind .
He is ready to discuss that but for the fear that the reader may fail to grasp his meaning ,
for he will run counter to the usual Jewish ideas .
Hence he pauses to stir up the interest of the readers (
5:11-6:20 |)
before going on with the argument (
7:1-28 |). {
Hard of interpretation } (\
duserm
neutos \).
Late and rare verbal compound (\
dus ,
herm
neu \),
in Diodorus and Philo ,
here only in N .
T .
Hard to explain because of the strange (
to Jews )
line taken ,
but still more because of their dulness . {
Dull of hearing } (\
n
throi tais akoais \).
Old adjective (
papyri also ),
from negative \
n \
and \
the \,
to push ,
no push in the hearing ,
slow and sluggish in mind as well as in the ears .
In N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
6:12 | (
slack ,
sluggish ).
Plato calls some students \
n
throi \ (
stupid ).
rwp @
Hebrews:5:12 @{
Teachers } (\
didaskaloi \).
Predicate nominative after \
einai \. {
By reason of the time } (\
dia ton chronon \).
Alas ,
what a commentary on modern Christians . {
That some one teach you the rudiments } (\
tou didaskein humas tina ta stoicheia \).
Neat Greek idiom ,
genitive case of the articular infinitive (
need of the teaching )
with two accusatives of the person (\
humas \,
you )
and the thing (\
ta stoicheia \,
the rudiments )
and the accusative of general reference (\
tina \,
as to some one ).
For \
stoicheia \
see strkjv @
Galatians:4:3 ,
9 ;
strkjv @
Colossians:2:8 |. {
Of the first principles of the oracles of God } (\
t
s arch
s t
n logi
n tou theou \).
Three genitives linked to each other . \
Arch
s \ (
beginning )
illustrates \
ta stoicheia \,
just before ,
the A B C of Christian teaching like strkjv @
Hebrews:6:1f |. \
Logion \
is a diminutive of logos ,
divine oracles being usually brief ,
common in the O .
T .
and Philo for God '
s words ,
in N .
T .
used for the O .
T . (
Acts:7:38 ;
Rom strkjv @
3:2 |),
of God '
s word through Christians (
1Peter:4:11 |),
of the substance of Christian teaching (
Hebrews:5:12 |). {
Of milk } (\
galaktos \).
Because still babes (
1Corinthians:3:2 |)
and not able to chew "
solid food " (\
stere
s troph
s \),
without intellectual and spiritual teeth .
rwp @
Hebrews:5:13 @{
Without experience } (\
apeiros \).
Old adjective (
alpha privative and \
peira \,
trial ).
Inexperienced .
The babe (\
n
pios \,
old word ,
negative \
n \
and \
epos \,
word like Latin _infans_
,
infant ,
not able to talk ),
not able to chew if one uses only milk and is without teeth .
Perhaps moral truth is meant by "
word of righteousness " (
cf .
strkjv @
1:2 ;
strkjv @
2:3 |
for the word spoken by Christ ).
rwp @
Hebrews:5:14 @{
For full-grown men } (\
telei
n \).
Predicate genitive .
The word is for adults ,
relative perfection (\
teleioi \)
in contrast with babes as in strkjv @
1Corinthians:2:6 ;
strkjv @
3:1 ;
strkjv @
13:11 ;
strkjv @
Phillipians:3:15 ;
strkjv @
Ephesians:4:4 |,
not absolute perfection (
Matthew:5:48 |). {
Their senses } (\
ta aisth
t
ria \).
The organs of perception (
Stoic term for sense organs )
from \
aisthanomai \ (
Luke:9:45 |),
in Plato ,
Galen ,
Hippocrates ,
here only in N .
T . {
Exercised } (\
gegumnasmena \).
Perfect passive participle of \
gumnaz \,
to exercise (
naked , \
gumnos \).
Galen uses \
aisth
t
ria gegumnasmena \
together after \
ech \
as we have here .
For this predicate use of the participle with \
ech \
see strkjv @
Luke:13:6 ;
strkjv @
14:19f |. "
By reason of use "
one gains such skill . {
To discern } (\
pros diakrisin \). "
For deciding between " (
from \
diakrin \),
old word with ablative \
kalou te kai kakou \ (
between good and evil ).
See strkjv @
1Corinthians:12:1 ;
Rom strkjv @
14:1 |.