John:19:28-37

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rwp @John:19:28 @{Are now finished } (\ˆd ˆ tetelestai \). Perfect passive indicative of \tele “\. See same form in verse 30 |. As in strkjv @13:1 |, where Jesus is fully conscious (knowing , \eid “s \) of the meaning of his atoning death . {Might be accomplished } (\telei “th ˆi \). First aorist passive subjunctive of \teleio “\ rather than the usual \pl ˆr “th ˆi \ (verse 24 |) with \hina \. John sees the thirst of Jesus in strkjv @Psalms:69:21f |. Jesus , of course , did not make the outcry in any mechanical way . Thirst is one of the severest agonies of crucifixion . For the "perfecting " of the Messiah by physical suffering see strkjv @Hebrews:2:10 ; strkjv @5:7ff |. rwp @John:19:29 @{Was set } (\ekeito \). Imperfect middle . John , as eyewitness , had noticed it there . {Of vinegar } (\oxous \). Not vinegar drugged with myrrh (Mark:15:23 |) and gall (Matthew:27:34 |) which Jesus had refused just before the crucifixion . {Sponge } (\spoggon \). Old word , in N .T . only here , strkjv @Mark:15:36 ; strkjv @Matthew:27:48 |, our "sponge ." {They put } (\perithentes \). Second aorist active participle of \peritith ˆmi \, to place around . {Upon hyssop } (\huss “p “i \). {A reed } (\kalam “i \) as Mark and Matthew have it . The reed of the hyssop bush was only three or four feet long . rwp @John:19:30 @{Had received } (\elaben \). Second aorist active indicative of \lamban “\. Jesus took the vinegar (a stimulant ), though he had refused the drugged vinegar . It is finished (\tetelestai \). Same for as in verse 28 |. A cry of victory in the hour of defeat like \nenik ˆka \ in strkjv @16:33 |. Jesus knew the relation of his death to redemption for us (Mark:10:45 ; strkjv @Matthew:20:28 ; strkjv @26:28 |). {Bowed his head } (\klinas t ˆn kephal ˆn \). First aorist active participle of \klin “\. This vivid detail only in John . {Gave up his spirit } (\pared “ken to pneuma \). With the quotation of strkjv @Psalms:31:5 | according to strkjv @Luke:23:46 |, "Father , into thy hands I commend my spirit " (the last of the seven sayings of Jesus on the Cross that are preserved for us ). Jesus died with the words of this Psalm upon his lips . The apostle John had come back to the Cross . rwp @John:19:31 @{The Preparation } (\paraskeu ˆ\). Friday . See verse 14 |. {Might not remain } (\m ˆ mein ˆi \). Negative final clause with \hina m ˆ\ and first aorist active (constative ) subjunctive of \men “\. {A high day } (\megal ˆ\). A "great " day , since "the sabbath day following synchronized with the first day of unleavened bread which was a 'great ' day " (Bernard ). A double reason therefore for wanting the bodies removed before sunset when the Sabbath began . {That their legs might be broken } (\hina kateag “sin auton ta skel ˆ\). Purpose clause with \hina \ and the second aorist passive subjunctive of \katagnumi \ with the augment retained in the subjunctive , a "false augment " common in later Greek as in the future in strkjv @Matthew:12:20 | with this verb (Robertson , _Grammar_ , p . 365 ). This _crurifragium_ was done with a heavy mallet and ended the sufferings of the victim . {Legs } (\skel ˆ\). Old word , here only in N .T . {Might be taken away } (\arth “sin \). First aorist passive subjunctive of \air “\ with \hina \ also . rwp @John:19:32 @{Which was crucified with him } (\tou sunstaur “thentos aut “i \). First aorist passive articular participle of \sunstauro “\ with associative instrumental case . Cf . Paul 's \Christ “i sunestaur “mai \ (Galatians:2:19 |). rwp @John:19:33 @{Already dead } (\ˆd ˆ tethn ˆkota \). Perfect active participle of \thn ˆsk “\. Songs:then Jesus died before the robbers , died of a broken heart . {They brake not } (\ou kateaxan \). The augment is proper here (see 32 |). rwp @John:19:34 @{With a spear } (\logch ˆi \). Instrumental case of this old word , here only in the N .T . {Pierced his side } (\autou t ˆn pleuran enuxen \). First aorist active indicative of \nuss “\, old word to pierce , here only in N .T ., and \pleuran \ (side ), another old word , occurs in N .T . only here and strkjv @John:20:20 ,25 ,27 |. {Blood and water } (\haima kai hud “r \). Dr . W . Stroud ( _Physical Cause of the Death of Christ_ ) argues that this fact proves that the spear pierced the left side of Jesus near the heart and that Jesus had died literally of a broken heart since blood was mixed with water . rwp @John:19:35 @{He that hath seen } (\ho he “rak “s \). Perfect active articular participle of \hora “\. John the Apostle was there and saw this fact (still sees it , in fact ). This personal witness disproves the theory of the Docetic Gnostics that Jesus did not have a real human body . {He knoweth } (\ekeinos oiden \). That is John does like strkjv @9:37 |. It is possible that \ekeinos \ may be a solemn appeal to God as in strkjv @1:33 | or Christ as in strkjv @1John:3:5 |. Bernard argues that the final editor is distinguishing the Beloved Disciple from himself and is endorsing him . But the example of Josephus ( _War_ . III . 7 , 16 ) is against this use of \ekeinos \. John is rather referring to himself as still alive . rwp @John:19:36 @{Be broken } (\suntrib ˆsetai \). Second future passive of \suntrib “\, to crush together . A free quotation of strkjv @Exodus:12:46 | about the paschal lamb . rwp @John:19:37 @{They pierced } (\exekent ˆsan \). First aorist active of \ekkente “\, late verb , correct translation of the Hebrew of strkjv @Zechariah:12:10 |, but not like the LXX , in N .T . only here and strkjv @Revelation:1:7 |.

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