rwp - Luke:14:1-14

rwp@Luke:14:1 @{When he went} (\en ti elthein auton\). Luke's favourite temporal clause = "on the going as to him." {That} (\kai\). Another common Lukan idiom, \kai=hoti\ after \egeneto\, like Hebrew _wav_. {They} (\autoi\). Emphatic. {Were watching} (\san paratroumenoi\). Periphrastic imperfect middle. Note force of \autoi\, middle voice, and \para-\. They were themselves watching on the side (on the sly), watching insidiously, with evil intent as in strkjv@Mark:3:2| (active).

rwp@Luke:14:2 @{Which had the dropsy} (\hudrpikos\). Late and medical word from \hudr\ (water), one who has internal water (\hudrps\). Here only in the N.T. and only example of the disease healed by Jesus and recorded.

rwp@Luke:14:3 @{Answering} (\apokritheis\). First aorist passive participle without the passive meaning. Jesus answered the thoughts of those mentioned in verse 1|. Here "lawyers and Pharisees" are treated as one class with one article (\tous\) whereas in strkjv@7:30| they are treated as two classes with separate articles. {Or not} (\ ou\). The dilemma forestalled any question by them. {They held their peace} (\hsuchasan\). Ingressive aorist active of old verb \hsuchaz\. They became silent, more so than before.

rwp@Luke:14:4 @{Took him} (\epilabomenos\). Second aorist middle participle of \epilamban\, an old verb, only in the middle in the N.T. It is not redundant use, "took and healed," but "took hold of him and healed him." Only instance in the N.T. of its use in a case of healing. {Let him go} (\apelusen\). Probably, dismissed from the company to get him away from these critics.

rwp@Luke:14:5 @{An ass or an ox} (\onos bous\). But Westcott and Hort \huios bous\ ({a son or an ox}). The manuscripts are much divided between \huios\ (son) and \onos\ (ass) which in the abbreviated uncials looked much alike (TC, OC) and were much alike. The sentence in the Greek reads literally thus: Whose ox or ass of you shall fall (\peseitai\, future middle of \pipto\) into a well and he (the man) will not straightway draw him up (\anaspasei\, future active of \anaspa\) on the sabbath day? The very form of the question is a powerful argument and puts the lawyers and the Pharisees hopelessly on the defensive.

rwp@Luke:14:6 @{Could not answer again} (\ouk ischusan antapokrithnai\). Did not have strength to answer back or in turn (\anti-\) as in strkjv@Romans:9:20|. They could not take up the argument and were helpless. They hated to admit that they cared more for an ox or ass or even a son than for this poor dropsical man.

rwp@Luke:14:7 @{A parable for those which were bidden} (\pros tous keklmenous paraboln\). Perfect passive participle of \kale\, to call, to invite. This parable is for the guests who were there and who had been watching Jesus. {When he marked} (\epechn\). Present active participle of \epech\ with \ton noun\ understood, holding the mind upon them, old verb and common. {They chose out} (\exelegonto\). Imperfect middle, were picking out for themselves. {The chief seats} (\tas prtoklisias\). The first reclining places at the table. Jesus condemned the Pharisees later for this very thing (Matthew:23:6; strkjv@Mark:12:39; strkjv@Luke:20:46|). On a couch holding three the middle place was the chief one. At banquets today the name of the guests are usually placed at the plates. The place next to the host on the right was then, as now, the post of honour.

rwp@Luke:14:8 @{Sit not down} (\m kataklithis\). First aorist (ingressive) passive subjunctive of \kataklin\, to recline. Old verb, but peculiar to Luke in the N.T. (7:36; strkjv@9:14; strkjv@14:8; strkjv@24:30|). {Be bidden} (\i keklmenos\). Periphrastic perfect passive subjunctive of \kale\ after \m pote\.

rwp@Luke:14:9 @{And say} (\kai erei\). Changes to future indicative with \m pote\ as in strkjv@12:58|. {Shalt begin with shame} (\arxi meta aischuns\). The moment of embarrassment. {To take the lowest place} (\ton eschaton topon katechein\). To hold down the lowest place, all the intermediate ones being taken.

rwp@Luke:14:10 @{Sit down} (\anapese\). Second aorist active imperative of \anapipt\, to fall up or back, to lie back or down. Late Greek word for \anaklin\ (cf. \kataklin\ in verse 8|). {He that hath bidden thee} (\ho keklks se\). Perfect active participle as in verse 12| (\ti keklkoti\) with which compare \ho kalesas\ in verse 9| (first aorist active participle). {He may say} (\erei\). The future indicative with \hina\ does occur in the _Koin_ (papyri) and so in the N.T. (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 984). {Go up higher} (\prosanabthi\). Second aorist active imperative second singular of \prosanabain\, an old double compound verb, but here only in the N.T. Probably, "Come up higher," because the call comes from the host and because of \pros\.

rwp@Luke:14:11 @{Shall be humbled} (\tapeinthsetai\). First future passive. One of the repeated sayings of Jesus (18:14; strkjv@Matthew:23:12|).

rwp@Luke:14:12 @{A dinner or a supper} (\ariston deipnon\). More exactly, a breakfast or a dinner with distinction between them as already shown. This is a parable for the host as one had just been given for the guests, though Luke does not term this a parable. {Call not} (\m phnei\). \M\ and the present imperative active, prohibiting the habit of inviting only friends. It is the _exclusive_ invitation of such guests that Jesus condemns. There is a striking parallel to this in Plato's _Phaedrus_ 233. {Recompense} (\antapodoma\). In the form of a return invitation. Like \anti\ in "bid thee again" (\antikalessin\).

rwp@Luke:14:13 @{When thou makest a feast} (\hotan dochn poiis\). \Hotan\ and the present subjunctive in an indefinite temporal clause. \Doch\ means reception as in strkjv@Luke:5:29|, late word, only in these two passages in the N.T. Note absence of article with these adjectives in the Greek (poor people, maimed folks, lame people, blind people).

rwp@Luke:14:14 @{To recompense thee} (\antapodounai soi\). Second aorist active infinitive of this old and common double compound verb, to give back in return. The reward will come at the resurrection if not before and thou shalt be happy.