Luke:18

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rwp @Luke:18:1 @{To the end that } (\pros to dein \). {With a view to the being necessary }, \pros \ and the articular infinitive . The impersonal verb \dei \ here is in the infinitive and has another infinitive loosely connected with it \proseuchesthai \, to pray . {Not to faint } (\m ˆ enkakein \). Literally , not to give in to evil (\en , kake “\, from \kakos \, bad or evil ), to turn coward , lose heart , behave badly . A late verb used several times in the N .T . (2Corinthians:4:1 ,16 ,| etc .). rwp @Luke:18:2 @Regarded not (\m ˆ entrepomenos \). Present middle participle of \entrep “\, old verb , to turn one on himself , to shame one , to reverence one . This was a "hard-boiled " judge who knew no one as his superior . See on ¯Matthew:21:37 |. rwp @Luke:18:3 @{Came oft } (\ˆrcheto \). Imperfect tense denotes repetitions , no adverb for "oft " in the Greek . {Avenge me of } (\ekdik ˆson me apo \). A late verb for doing justice , protecting one from another (note both \ek \ and \apo \, here ). Deissmann ( _Light from the Ancient East_ , pp . 420ff .) quotes a \st ˆl ˆ\ of the second century B .C . with a prayer for vengeance for a Jewish girl that had been murdered which has this very verb \ekdike “\. rwp @Luke:18:4 @{He would not } (\ouk ˆthelen \). Imperfect tense of continued refusal . {Though } (\ei kai \). Concerning sentence , not \kai ei \ (even if ). rwp @Luke:18:5 @{Yet } (\ge \). Delicate intensive particle of deep feeling as here . {Because this widow troubleth me } (\dia to parechein moi kopon t ˆn ch ˆran taut ˆn \). Literally , because of the furnishing me trouble as to this widow (accusative of general reference with the articular infinitive ). {Lest she wear me out } (\hina m ˆ hup “piaz ˆi me \). Some take it that the judge is actually afraid that the widow may come and assault him , literally beat him under the eye . That idea would be best expressed here by the aorist tense . rwp @Luke:18:6 @{The unrighteous judge } (\ho krit ˆs t ˆs adikias \). The judge of unrighteousness (marked by unrighteousness ), as in strkjv @16:8 | we have "the steward of unrighteousness ," the same idiom . rwp @Luke:18:7 @{And he is longsuffering } (\makrothumei \). This present active indicative comes in awkwardly after the aorist subjunctive \poi ˆs ˆi \ after \ou m ˆ\, but this part of the question is positive . Probably \kai \ here means "and yet " as so often (John:9:30 ; strkjv @16:32 |, etc .). God delays taking vengeance on behalf of his people , not through indifference , but through patient forbearance . rwp @Luke:18:8 @{Howbeit } (\pl ˆn \). It is not clear whether this sentence is also a question or a positive statement . There is no way to decide . Either will make sense though not quite the same sense . The use of \ƒra \ before \heur ˆsei \ seems to indicate a question expecting a negative answer as in strkjv @Acts:8:30 ; strkjv @Romans:14:19 |. But here \ƒra \ comes in the middle of the sentence instead of near the beginning , an unusual position for either inferential \ƒra \ or interrogative \ƒra \. On the whole the interrogative \ƒra \ is probably correct , meaning to question if the Son will find a persistence of faith like that of the widow . rwp @Luke:18:9 @{Set all others at naught } (\exouthenountas tous loipous \). A late verb \exouthene “\, like \oudene “\, from \outhen \ (\ouden \), to consider or treat as nothing . In LXX and chiefly in Luke and Paul in the N .T . rwp @Luke:18:10 @{Stood } (\statheis \). First aorist passive participle of \hist ˆmi \. Struck an attitude ostentatiously where he could be seen . Standing was the common Jewish posture in prayer (Matthew:6:5 ; strkjv @Mark:11:25 |). {Prayed thus } (\tauta pros ˆucheto \). Imperfect middle , was praying these things (given following ). {With himself } (\pros heauton \). A soliloquy with his own soul , a complacent recital of his own virtues for his own self-satisfaction , not fellowship with God , though he addresses God . {I thank thee } (\eucharist “ soi \). But his gratitude to God is for his own virtues , not for God 's mercies to him . One of the rabbis offers a prayer like this of gratitude that he was in a class by himself because he was a Jew and not a Gentile , because he was a Pharisee and not of the _am- haaretz_ or common people , because he was a man and not a woman . {Extortioners } (\harpages \). An old word , \harpax \ from same root as \harpaz “\, to plunder . An adjective of only one gender , used of robbers and plunderers , grafters , like the publicans (Luke:3:13 |), whether wolves (Matthew:7:15 |) or men (1Corinthians:5:19f .|). The Pharisee cites the crimes of which he is not guilty . {Or even } (\ˆ kai \). As the climax of iniquity (Bruce ), he points to "this publican ." Zaccheus will admit robbery (Luke:19:8 |). {God } (\ho theos \). Nominative form with the article as common with the vocative use of \theos \ (so verse 13 ; strkjv @John:20:28 |). rwp @Luke:18:12 @{Twice in the week } (\dis tou sabbatou \). One fast a year was required by the law (Leviticus:16:29 ; strkjv @Numbers:29:7 |). The Pharisees added others , twice a week between passover and pentecost , and between tabernacles and dedication of the temple . {I get } (\kt “mai \). Present middle indicative , not perfect middle \kekt ˆmai \ (I possess ). He gave a tithe of his income , not of his property . rwp @Luke:18:13 @{Standing afar off } (\makrothen hest “s \). Second perfect active participle of \hist ˆmi \, intransitive like \statheis \ above . But no ostentation as with the Pharisee in verse 11 |. At a distance from the Pharisee , not from the sanctuary . {Would not lift } (\ouk ˆthelen oude ep ƒrai \). Negatives (double ) imperfect of {thel “}, was not willing even to lift up , refused to lift (\ep ƒrai \, first aorist active infinitive of the liquid compound verb , \ep-air “\). Smote (\etupte \). Imperfect active of \tupt “\, old verb , kept on smiting or beating . Worshippers usually lifted up their closed eyes to God . {Be merciful } (\hilasth ˆti \). First aorist passive imperative of \hilaskomai \, an old verb , found also in LXX and inscriptions (\exhilaskomai \, Deissmann , _Bible Studies_ , p . 224 ). {A sinner } (\t “i hamart “l “i \). The sinner , not a sinner . It is curious how modern scholars ignore this Greek article . The main point in the contrast lies in this article . The Pharisee thought of others as sinners . The publican thinks of himself alone as the sinner , not of others at all . rwp @Luke:18:14 @{This man } (\houtos \). This despised publican referred to contemptuously in verse 11 | as "this " (\houtos \) publican . {Rather than the other } (\par ' ekeinon \). In comparison with (placed beside ) that one . A neat Greek idiom after the perfect passive participle \dedikaiomenos \. {For } (\hoti \). This moral maxim Christ had already used in strkjv @14:11 |. Plummer pertinently asks : "Why is it assumed that Jesus did not repeat his sayings ?" rwp @Luke:18:15 @{They brought } (\prosepheron \). Imperfect active , they were bringing . Songs:Mark:10:13 |. {Their babes } (\ta breph ˆ\). Old word for {infants }. Here strkjv @Mark:10:13 ; strkjv @Matthew:19:13 | have \paidia \ (little children ). Note "also " (\kai \) in Luke , not in Mark and Matthew . {That he should touch them } (\hina aut “n hapt ˆtai \). Present middle subjunctive (linear action , repeatedly touch or one after the other ), where strkjv @Mark:10:13 | has aorist middle subjunctive (\haps ˆtai \). {Rebuked } (\epetim “n \). Imperfect indicative active . Either inchoative began to rebuke , or continued , kept on rebuking . Matthew and Mark have the aorist \epetim ˆsan \. rwp @Luke:18:16 @{Called } (\prosekalesato \). Indirect middle aorist indicative , called the children with their parents to himself and then rebuked the disciples for their rebuke of the parents . The language of Jesus is precisely that of strkjv @Mark:10:14 | which see , and nearly that of strkjv @Matthew:19:14 | which see also . The plea of Jesus that children be allowed to come to him is one that many parents need to heed . It is a tragedy to think of parents "forbidding " their children or of preachers doing the same or of both being stumbling-blocks to children . rwp @Luke:18:17 @{As a little child } (\h “s paidion \). Jesus makes the child the model for those who seek entrance into the kingdom of God , not the adult the model for the child . He does not say that the child is already in the kingdom without coming to him . Jesus has made the child 's world by understanding the child and opening the door for him . rwp @Luke:18:18 @{Ruler } (\arch “n \). Not in strkjv @Mark:10:17 ; strkjv @Matthew:19:16 |. {What shall I do to inherit ?} (\Ti poi ˆsas kl ˆronom ˆs “;\). "By doing what shall I inherit ?" Aorist active participle and future active indicative . Precisely the same question is asked by the lawyer in strkjv @Luke:10:25 |. This young man probably thought that by some one act he could obtain eternal life . He was ready to make a large expenditure for it . {Good } (\agathon \). See on ¯Mark:10:17 ; strkjv @Matthew:19:16 | for discussion of this adjective for absolute goodness . Plummer observes that no Jewish rabbi was called "good " in direct address . The question of Jesus will show whether it was merely fulsome flattery on the part of the young man or whether he really put Jesus on a par with God . He must at any rate define his attitude towards Christ . rwp @Luke:18:22 @{One thing thou lackest yet } (\eti hen soi leipei \). Literally , one thing still fails thee or is wanting to thee . An old verb with the dative of personal interest . strkjv @Mark:10:21 | has here \husterei se \, which see . It was an amazing compliment for one who was aiming at perfection (Matthew:19:21 |). The youth evidently had great charm and was sincere in his claims . {Distribute } (\diados \). Second aorist active imperative of \diadid “mi \ (give to various ones , \dia -\). Here Mark and Matthew simply have \dos \ (give ). The rest the same in all three Gospels . rwp @Luke:18:23 @{Became } (\egen ˆth ˆ\). First aorist passive indicative of \ginomai \. Like his countenance fell (\stugnasas \), in strkjv @Mark:10:22 |. {Exceedingly sorrowful } (\perilupos \). Old adjective (\peri , lup ˆ\) with perfective use of \peri \. {Very rich } (\plousios sphodra \). Rich exceedingly . Today , a multimillionaire . rwp @Luke:18:24 @{Shall they enter } (\eisporeuontai \). Present middle indicative , futuristic present . rwp @Luke:18:25 @{Through a needle 's eye } (\dia tr ˆmatos belon ˆs \). Both words are old . \Tr ˆma \ means a perforation or hole or eye and in the N .T . only here and strkjv @Matthew:19:24 |. \Belon ˆ\ means originally the point of a spear and then a surgeon 's needle . Here only in the N .T . strkjv @Mark:10:25 ; strkjv @Matthew:19:24 | have \rhaphidos \ for needle . This is probably a current proverb for the impossible . The Talmud twice speaks of an elephant passing through the eye of a needle as being impossible . rwp @Luke:18:26 @{Then who } (\kai tis \). Literally , {and who }. The \kai \ calls attention to what has just been said . Wealth was assumed to be mark of divine favour , not a hindrance to salvation . rwp @Luke:18:27 @{The impossible with men possible with God } (\ta adunata para anthr “pois dunata para t “i the “i \). Paradoxical , but true . Take your stand "beside " (\para \) God and the impossible becomes possible . Clearly then Jesus meant the humanly impossible by the parabolic proverb about the camel going through the needle 's eye . God can break the grip of gold on a man 's life , but even Jesus failed with this young ruler . rwp @Luke:18:28 @{Our own } (\ta idia \). Our own things (home , business , etc .). Right here is where so many fail . Peter speaks here not in a spirit of boastfulness , but rather with his reactions from their consternation at what has happened and at the words of Jesus (Plummer ). rwp @Luke:18:30 @{Shall not receive } (\ouchi m ˆ lab ˆi \). Very strong double negative with aorist active subjunctive of \lamban “\. {Manifold more } (\pollaplasiona \). Late Greek word , here alone in the N .T . save strkjv @Matthew:19:29 | where Westcott and Hort have it though many MSS . there read \hekatonplasiona \ (a hundredfold ) as in strkjv @Mark:10:30 |. rwp @Luke:18:31 @{Took unto him } (\paralab “n \). Second aorist active participle of \paralamban “\. Taking along with himself . Songs:Mark:10:32 |. strkjv @Matthew:20:17 | adds \kat ' idian \ (apart ). Jesus is making a special point of explaining his death to the Twelve . {We go up } (\anabainomen \). Present active indicative , we are going up . {Unto the Son of man } (\t “i hui “i tou anthr “pou \). Dative case of personal interest . The position is amphibolous and the construction makes sense either with "shall be accomplished " (\telesth ˆsetai \) or "that are written " (\ta gegrammena \), probably the former . Compare these minute details of the prophecy here (verses 32f .|) with the words in strkjv @Mark:10:33f .; strkjv @Matthew:20:18f .|, which see . rwp @Luke:18:33 @{The third day } (\t ˆi h ˆmer ƒi t ˆi trit ˆi \). The day the third . In strkjv @Matthew:20:19 | it is "the third day " while in strkjv @Mark:10:34 | "after three days " occurs in the same sense , which see . rwp @Luke:18:34 @{And they perceived not } (\kai ouk egin “skon \). Imperfect active . They kept on not perceiving . Twice already Luke has said this in the same sentence . {They understood none of these things } (\ouden tout “n sun ˆkan \). First aorist active indicative , a summary statement . {This saying was hid from them } (\ˆn to rh ˆma touto kekrummenon ap ' aut “n \). Past perfect passive indicative (periphrastic ), state of completion . It was a puzzling experience . No wonder that Luke tries three times to explain the continued failure of the apostles to understand Jesus . The words of Christ about his death ran counter to all their hopes and beliefs . rwp @Luke:18:35 @{Unto Jericho } (\eis Iereich “\). See on ¯Matthew:20:29 ; strkjv @Mark:10:46 |, for discussion of the two Jerichos in Mark and Matt . (the old and the new as here ). {Begging } (\epait “n \). Asking for something . He probably was by the wayside between the old Jericho and the new Roman Jericho . Mark gives his name Bartimaeus (10:46 |). strkjv @Matthew:20:30 | mentions two . rwp @Luke:18:36 @{Inquired } (\epunthaneto \). Imperfect middle . Repeatedly inquired as he heard the tramp of the passing crowd going by (\diaporeuomenou \). {What this meant } (\Ti ei ˆ touto \). Literally , What it was . Without \an \ the optative is due to indirect discourse , changed from \estin \. With \an \ (margin of Westcott and Hort ) the potential optative of the direct discourse is simply retained . rwp @Luke:18:37 @{Passeth by } (\parerchetai \). Present middle indicative retained in indirect discourse as \paragei \ is in strkjv @Matthew:20:30 |. No reason for differences of English tenses in the two passages (was passing by , passeth by ). rwp @Luke:18:38 @{He cried } (\ebo ˆsen \). Old verb , \boa “\, to shout , as in strkjv @9:38 |. {Son of David } (\huie Daueid \). Shows that he recognizes Jesus as the Messiah . rwp @Luke:18:39 @{That he should hold his peace } (\hina sig ˆs ˆi \). Ingressive aorist subjunctive . That he should become silent ; as with \hina si “p ˆs ˆi \ in strkjv @Mark:10:48 |. {The more a great deal } (\poll “i m ƒllon \). By much more as in strkjv @Mark:10:48 |. rwp @Luke:18:40 @{Stood } (\statheis \). First aorist passive where strkjv @Mark:10:49 ; strkjv @Matthew:20:32 | have \stas \ (second aorist active ) translated "stood still ." One is as "still " as the other . The first is that Jesus " stopped ." {Be brought } (\achth ˆnai \). First aorist infinitive in indirect command . rwp @Luke:18:41 @{What wilt thou that I should do unto thee ?} (\Ti soi theleis poi ˆs “;\). Same idiom in strkjv @Mark:10:51 ; strkjv @Matthew:20:32 | which see , the use of \thel “\ without \hina \ with aorist subjunctive (or future indicative ). See same references also for \hina anableps “\ "that I may see again " without verb before \hina \. Three uses of \anablep “\ here (verses 41 ,42 ,43 |). rwp @Luke:18:43 @{Followed } (\ˆkolouthei \). Imperfect active as in strkjv @Mark:10:52 |. Either inchoative he began to follow , or descriptive , he was following .

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