Revelation:3
Seeker Overlay ON
rwp @
Revelation:3:1 @{
In Sardis } (\
en Sardesin \).
Some thirty miles south-east of Thyatira ,
old capital of Lydia ,
wealthy and the home of Croesus ,
conquered by Cyrus and then by Alexander the Great ,
in B .
C .
214 by Antiochus the Great ,
at the crossing of Roman roads ,
in a plain watered by the river Pactolus ,
according to Pliny the place where the dyeing of wool was discovered ,
seat of the licentious worship of Cybele and the ruins of the temple still there ,
called by Ramsay (
_op
.
cit .
_
,
p .
354 ) "
the city of Death ,"
city of softness and luxury ,
of apathy and immorality , "
a contrast of past splendour and present unresting decline " (
Charles ).
Along with Laodicea it was blamed most of all the seven churches . {
That hath the seven Spirits of God } (\
ho ech
n ta hepta pneumata tou theou \).
For which picture of the Holy Spirit see strkjv @
1:4 |. {
And the seven stars } (\
kai tous hepta asteras \).
As in strkjv @
1:16 ,
20 |. {
A name that thou livest } (\
onoma hoti z
is \).
A name in contrast with reality .
The \
hoti \
clause in apposition with \
onoma \. {
And thou art dead } (\
kai nekros ei \). "
The paradox of death under the name of life " (
Swete ).
Not complete (
a nucleus of life )
death (
verse 2 |),
but rapidly dying .
See the picture in strkjv @
James:2:17 ;
strkjv @
2Corinthians:6:9 ;
strkjv @
2Timothy:3:5 |.
rwp @
Revelation:3:2 @{
Be thou watchful } (\
ginou gr
gor
n \).
Periphrastic imperative with present middle of \
ginomai \ (
keep on becoming )
and present active participle of \
gr
gore \ (
late present from perfect \
egr
gora \
and that from \
egeir \,
as in strkjv @
Matthew:24:42 |)
and see strkjv @
16:15 |
for \
gr
gore \
also .
He does not say "
Arise from the dead " (
Ephesians:5:14 |),
for there are vestiges of life .
Those still alive are addressed through the angel of the church . {
Stablish the things that remain } (\
st
rison ta loipa \).
First aorist active imperative of \
st
riz \,
to make stable .
Those not actually dead ,
but in grave peril .
See a like command to Titus in Crete (
Titus:1:5 |).
Every new pastor faces such a problem . {
Which were ready to die } (\
ha emellon apothanein \).
Imperfect active plural because the individuals ,
though neuter plural ,
are regarded as living realities .
The imperfect looking on the situation "
with a delicate optimism " (
Swete )
as having passed the crisis ,
a sort of epistolary imperfect . {
For I have found no works of thine } (\
ou gar heur
ka sou erga \). "
For I have not found any works of thine ."
Perfect active indicative of \
heurisk \.
The church as a whole represented by \
sou \ (
thy ). {
Fulfilled } (\
pepl
r
mena \).
Perfect passive predicate participle of \
pl
ro \.
Their works have not measured up to God '
s standard (\
en
pion tou theou mou \).
rwp @
Revelation:3:3 @{
Remember } (\
mn
moneue \). "
Keep in mind ,"
as in strkjv @
2:5 |. {
Therefore } (\
oun \).
Resumptive and coordinating as in strkjv @
1:19 ;
strkjv @
2:5 |. {
Thou hast received } (\
eil
phas \).
Perfect active indicative of \
lamban \, "
as a permanent deposit " (
Vincent ). {
Didst hear } (\
kousas \).
First aorist active indicative ,
the act of hearing at the time . {
And keep it } (\
kai t
rei \).
Present active imperative of \
t
re \, "
hold on to what thou hast ." {
And repent } (\
kai metano
son \).
First aorist active imperative of \
metanoe \, "
Turn at once ." {
If therefore thou shalt not watch } (\
ean oun m
gr
gor
s
is \).
Condition of third class with \
ean m \
and the first aorist (
ingressive )
active subjunctive of \
gr
gore \, "
if then thou do not wake up ." {
I will come } (\
h
x \).
Certainly future active here ,
though probably aorist subjunctive in strkjv @
2:25 |. {
As a thief } (\
h
s klept
s \).
As Jesus had already said (
Matthew:24:43 ;
strkjv @
Luke:12:39 |),
as Paul had said (
1Thessalonians:5:2 |),
as Peter had said (
2Peter:3:10 |),
as Jesus will say again (
Revelation:16:15 |). {
Thou shalt not know } (\
ou m
gn
is \).
Strong double negative \
ou m \
with second aorist active subjunctive of \
gin
sk \,
though some MSS .
have the future middle indicative \
gn
s
i \. {
What hour } (\
poian h
ran \).
A rare classical idiom (
accusative )
surviving in the _Koin
_
rather than the genitive of time ,
somewhat like strkjv @
John:4:52 ;
strkjv @
Acts:20:16 | (
Robertson ,
_Grammar_
,
p .
470f .).
Indirect question with \
poian \.
rwp @
Revelation:3:4 @{
A few names } (\
oliga onomata \).
This use of \
onoma \
for persons is seen in the _Koin
_
(
Deissmann ,
_Bible
Studies_
,
p .
196f .)
as in strkjv @
Acts:1:15 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:11:13 |. {
Did not defile } (\
ouk emolunan \).
First aorist active indicative of \
molun \ (
1Corinthians:8:7 ;
strkjv @
1Peter:1:4 |),
pollution . {
They shall walk } (\
peripat
sousin \).
Future active of \
peripate \,
promise of fellowship with Christ (\
met '
emou \,
with me ) "
in white " (\
en leukois \),
as symbols of purity (
7:9 ,
13 |)
like the angel (
Matthew:28:3 |),
with possibly a reference to Enoch (
Genesis:5:22 |).
For they are worthy (\
hoti axioi eisin \).
To walk with Christ ,
not worthy in the same sense as God and Christ (
4:11 ;
strkjv @
5:9 |),
but in a relative sense .
See strkjv @
Revelation:16:6 |
for bad sense of \
axios \.
rwp @
Revelation:3:5 @{
Shall be arrayed } (\
peribaleitai \).
Future middle indicative of \
periball \,
to fling around one ,
here and in strkjv @
4:4 |
with \
en \
and the locative ,
but usually in this book with the accusative of the thing ,
retained in the passive or with the middle (
7:9 ,
13 ;
strkjv @
10:1 ;
strkjv @
11:3 ;
strkjv @
12:1 ;
strkjv @
17:4 ;
strkjv @
18:16 ;
strkjv @
19:8 ,
13 |). {
In white garments } (\
en himatiois leukois \).
Apparently the spiritual bodies in the risen life as in strkjv @
2Corinthians:5:1 ,
4 |
and often in Revelation (
3:4 ,
5 ;
strkjv @
6:11 ;
strkjv @
7:9 ,
13f .;
strkjv @
19:8 |). {
I will in no wise blot out } (\
ou m
exaleips \).
Strong double negative \
ou m \
and the first aorist active (
or future )
of \
exaleiph \,
old word ,
to wipe out (
Acts:3:19 |). {
Of the book of life } (\
ek t
s biblou t
s z
s \).
Ablative case with \
ek \.
This divine register first occurs in strkjv @
Exodus:32:32f .|
and often in the O .
T .
See strkjv @
Luke:10:20 ;
strkjv @
Phillipians:4:3 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:13:8 ;
strkjv @
20:15 ;
strkjv @
21:27 |.
The book is in Christ '
s hands (
13:8 ;
strkjv @
21:27 |). {
His name } (\
to onoma autou \).
The name of the one who overcomes (\
ho nik
n \).
Clear reminiscence of the words of Christ about confessing to the Father those who confess him here (
Matthew:10:32 ;
strkjv @
Mark:8:38 ;
strkjv @
Luke:9:26 ;
strkjv @
12:8 |).
Whether John knew the Synoptic Gospels (
and why not ?)
he certainly knew such sayings of Jesus .
rwp @
Revelation:3:7 @{
In Philadelphia } (\
en Philadelphi
i \).
Some twenty-eight miles south-east of Sardis ,
in Lydia ,
subject to earthquakes ,
rebuilt by Tiberius after the great earthquake of A .
D .
17 ,
for a time called in coins Neo-Caesarea ,
in wine-growing district with Bacchus (
Dionysos )
as the chief deity ,
on fine Roman roads and of commercial importance ,
though not a large city ,
called by Ramsay (
_op
.
cit .
_
,
p .
392 ) "
the Missionary City "
to promote the spread of the Graeco-Roman civilization and then of Christianity ,
later offering stubborn resistance to the Turks (
1379-90 A .
D .)
and now called Ala-Sheher (
reddish city ,
Charles ,
from the red hills behind it ).
The chief opposition to the faithful little church is from the Jews (
cf .
strkjv @
Romans:9-11 |).
There are some 1 ,
000 Christians there today . {
The holy ,
he that is true } (\
ho hagios ,
ho al
thinos \).
Separate articles (
four in all )
for each item in this description . "
The holy ,
the genuine ."
Asyndeton in the Greek .
Latin Vulgate ,
_Sanctus
et Verus_
. \
Hosea:hagios \
is ascribed to God in strkjv @
4:8 ;
strkjv @
6:10 | (
both \
hagios \
and \
al
thinos \
as here ),
but to Christ in strkjv @
Mark:1:24 ;
strkjv @
Luke:4:34 ;
strkjv @
John:6:69 ;
strkjv @
Acts:4:27 ,
30 ;
strkjv @
1John:2:20 |,
a recognized title of the Messiah as the consecrated one set apart .
Swete notes that \
al
thinos \
is _verus_
as distinguished from _verax_
(\
al
th
s \).
Songs:it is applied to God in strkjv @
6:10 |
and to Christ in strkjv @
3:14 ;
strkjv @
19:11 |
as in strkjv @
John:1:9 ;
strkjv @
6:32 ;
strkjv @
15:1 |. {
He that hath the key of David } (\
ho ech
n t
n klein Daueid \).
This epithet comes from strkjv @
Isaiah:22:22 |,
where Eliakim as the chief steward of the royal household holds the keys of power .
Christ as the Messiah (
Revelation:5:5 ;
strkjv @
22:16 |)
has exclusive power in heaven ,
on earth ,
and in Hades (
Matthew:16:19 ;
strkjv @
28:18 ;
strkjv @
Romans:14:9 ;
strkjv @
Phillipians:2:9f .;
strkjv @
Revelation:1:18 |).
Christ has power to admit and exclude of his own will (
Matthew:25:10f .;
strkjv @
Ephesians:1:22 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:3:21 ;
strkjv @
19:11-16 ;
strkjv @
20:4 ;
strkjv @
22:16 |). {
And none shall shut } (\
kai oudeis kleisei \).
Charles calls the structure Hebrew (
future active indicative of \
klei \),
and not Greek because it does not correspond to the present articular participle just before \
ho anoig
n \ (
the one opening ),
but it occurs often in this book as in the very next clause , "
and none openeth " (\
kai oudeis anoigei \)
over against \
klei
n \ (
present active participle ,
opening )
though here some MSS .
read \
kleiei \ (
present active indicative ,
open ).
rwp @
Revelation:3:8 @{
I have set } (\
ded
ka \).
Perfect active indicative of \
did
mi \, "
I have given " (
a gift of Christ ,
this open door ).
See strkjv @
Luke:12:51 |
for a like use of \
did
mi \. {
A door opened } (\
thuran
ne
igmen
n \).
Perfect (
triple reduplication )
passive predicate participle of \
anoig \ (
verse 7 |)
accusative feminine singular .
The metaphor of the open door was a common one (
John:10:7-9 ;
strkjv @
Acts:14:27 ;
strkjv @
1Corinthians:16:9 ;
strkjv @
2Corinthians:2:12 ;
strkjv @
Colossians:4:3 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:3:20 ;
strkjv @
4:1 |).
Probably it means here a good opportunity for missionary effort in spite of the Jewish hostility . {
Which } (\
h
n--aut
n \).
Pleonastic vernacular and Hebrew repetition of the personal pronoun \
aut
n \ (
it )
after the relative \
h
n \ (
which ).
Direct reference to the statement in verse 7 |. {
That } (\
hoti \).
This conjunction resumes the construction of \
oida sou ta erga \ (
I know thy works )
after the parenthesis (\
idou--aut
n \,
Behold--shut ). {
A little power } (\
mikran dunamin \).
Probably "
little power ,"
little influence or weight in Philadelphia ,
the members probably from the lower classes (
1Corinthians:1:26f .|). {
And didst keep } (\
kai et
r
sas \). "
And yet (
adversative use of \
kai \)
didst keep " (
first aorist active indicative of \
t
re \)
my word in some crisis of trial .
See strkjv @
John:17:6 |
for the phrase "
keeping the word ." {
Didst not deny } (\
ouk
rn
s \).
First aorist middle indicative second person singular of \
arneomai \.
The issue was probably forced by the Jews (
cf .
strkjv @
2:9 |),
but they stood true .
rwp @
Revelation:3:9 @{
I give } (\
did \).
Late omega form for \
did
mi \,
but the \-
mi \
form in strkjv @
17:13 | (\
didoasin \).
These Jewish converts are a gift from Christ .
For this use of \
did
mi \
see strkjv @
Acts:2:27 ;
strkjv @
10:40 ;
strkjv @
14:3 |.
There is ellipse of \
tinas \
before \
ek \
as in strkjv @
2:10 | (\
ex hum
n \)
and see strkjv @
2:9 |
for "
the synagogue of Satan ." {
Of them which say } (\
t
n legont
n \).
Ablative plural in apposition with \
sunag
g
s \.
On the construction of \
heautous Ioudaious einai \
see on ¯
2:9 | (\
Ioudaious einai heautous \,
the order of words being immaterial ). {
But do lie } (\
alla pseudontai \).
Present middle indicative of \
pseudomai \,
explanatory positive ,
addition here to \
kai ouk eisin \
of strkjv @
2:9 |,
in contrast also with \
ho al
thinos \
of verse 7 |
and in Johannine style (
John:8:44 ;
strkjv @
1John:1:10 ;
strkjv @
2:4 |). {
I will make them } (\
poi
s
autous \).
Future active indicative of \
poie \,
resuming the prophecy after the parenthesis (\
t
n--pseudontai \,
which say--but do lie ). {
To come and worship } (\
hina h
xousin kai proskun
sousin \). "
That they come and worship " (
final clause ,
like _facio
ut_
in Latin ,
with \
hina \
and the future active of \
h
k \
and \
proskune \).
The language is based on strkjv @
Isaiah:45:14 ;
strkjv @
60:14 |.
The Jews expected homage (
not worship in the strict sense )
from the Gentiles ,
but it will come to the Christians at last (
1Corinthians:14:24 |).
Later Ignatius (
_Philad_
.
6 )
warns this church against Judaizing Christians ,
perhaps one result of an influx of Jews . {
And to know } (\
kai gn
sin \).
Continuation of the purpose clause with \
hina \,
but with the second aorist active subjunctive rather than the less usual future indicative .
See both constructions also with \
hina \
in strkjv @
22:14 |.
Probably a reminiscence of strkjv @
Isaiah:43:4 |
in \
eg
gap
sa se \ (
I loved thee ),
first aorist active indicative .
rwp @
Revelation:3:10 @{
Patience } (\
hupomen
s \). "
Endurance "
as in strkjv @
13:10 ;
strkjv @
14:12 |
as also in strkjv @
2Thessalonians:3:5 |. {
Thou didst keep } (\
et
r
sas \) {--
I also will keep } (\
kag
t
r
s \).
Aorist active indicative and future active corresponding to each other .
For a like play on the tenses of this verb by Christ see strkjv @
John:17:6 | (\
tet
r
kan \),
strkjv @
John:17:11 | (\
t
r
son \),
strkjv @
John:17:12 | (\
et
roun \). {
From the hour of trial } (\
ek t
s h
ras tou peirasmou \).
This use of \
ek \
after \
t
re \
in strkjv @
John:17:15 |, \
apo \
in strkjv @
James:1:27 |.
Trial brings temptation often (
James:1:2 ,
13 |).
Jesus endured (
Hebrews:12:1f .|)
and he will help them .
There is still a church in Philadelphia in spite of the Turks . {
Which is to come } (\
t
s mellous
s erchesthai \).
Agreeing with \
h
ras \ (
feminine ),
not with \
peirasmou \ (
masculine ). {
Upon the whole world } (\
epi t
s epoikoumen
s hol
s \).
The inhabited earth (\
g
s \)
as in strkjv @
Revelation:12:19 ;
strkjv @
Luke:2:1 ;
strkjv @
Acts:16:6 |,
etc .),
not the physical earth ,
but the world of men as explained by the next clause . {
To try } (\
peirasai \).
First aorist active infinitive of purpose from \
peiraz \,
probably to tempt (
cf .
the demons in strkjv @
9:1-21 |),
not merely to afflict (
2:10 |). {
That dwell upon the earth } (\
tous katoikountas epi t
s g
s \).
Present active articular participle of \
katoike \,
explaining "
the whole world "
just before .
rwp @
Revelation:3:11 @{
I come quickly } (\
erchomai tachu \).
As in strkjv @
2:16 ;
strkjv @
22:7 ,
12 ,
20 |. "
The keynote of the book " (
Beckwith ).
But allow the author '
s own meaning of "
quickly ." {
Hold fast that which thou hast } (\
kratei ho echeis \).
Sort of motto for each church (
2:25 |). {
That no one take } (\
hina m
deis lab
i \).
Purpose clause with \
hina \
and second aorist active subjunctive of \
lamban \.
Here to take away "
thy crown " (
2:10 |)
which will be thine if really won and not forfeited by failure (
2Timothy:4:8 |).
In that case it will go to another (
Matthew:25:28 ;
strkjv @
Romans:11:17f .|).
rwp @
Revelation:3:12 @{
He that overcometh } (\
ho nik
n \).
Nominative absolute as in strkjv @
2:26 |,
resumed by the accusative \
auton \ (
him ). {
A pillar } (\
stulon \).
Old word for column ,
in N .
T .
only here ,
strkjv @
10:1 ;
strkjv @
Galatians:2:9 ;
strkjv @
1Timothy:3:15 |.
Metaphorical and personal use with a double significance of being firmly fixed and giving stability to the building .
Philadelphia was a city of earthquakes . "
Temple " (\
naos \)
here is also metaphorical (
7:15 |),
as in strkjv @
1Timothy:3:15 |
for the people of God .
In strkjv @
21:22 |
we read that there is no temple in the heavenly Jerusalem (
21:10-22:5 |)
descending as the new Jerusalem with God himself as the temple ,
though the metaphorical temple is mentioned in strkjv @
7:15 |. {
He shall go out thence no more } (\
ex
ou m
elth
i \).
Strong double negative \
ou m \
with the second aorist active subjunctive of \
erchomai \.
The subject is \
ho nik
n \ (
the one overcoming ). "
Fixity of character is at last achieved " (
Charles ).
He ,
like the \
stulos \ (
pillar ),
remains in place . {
Upon him } (\
ep '
auton \).
Upon \
ho nik
n \ (
the victor ),
not upon the pillar (\
stulos \).
He receives this triple name (
of God ,
of the city of God ,
of Christ )
on his forehead (
14:1 ;
strkjv @
7:3 ;
strkjv @
17:5 ;
strkjv @
22:4 |)
just as the high-priest wore the name of Jehovah upon his forehead (
Exodus:28:36 ,
38 |),
the new name (
2:17 |),
without any magical or talismanic power ,
but as proof of ownership by God ,
as a citizen of the New Jerusalem ,
with the new symbol of the glorious personality of Christ (
Revelation:19:12 |),
in contrast with the mark of the beast on others (
13:17 ;
strkjv @
14:17 |).
For citizenship in God '
s city see strkjv @
Galatians:4:26 ;
strkjv @
Phillipians:3:20 ;
strkjv @
Hebrews:11:10 ;
strkjv @
12:22 ;
strkjv @
13:14 |. {
The new Jerusalem } (\
t
s kain
s Ierousal
m \).
Not \
neas \ (
young ),
but \
kain
s \ (
fresh ).
See also strkjv @
21:2 ,
10 |
and already strkjv @
Galatians:4:26 ;
strkjv @
Hebrews:12:22 |.
Charles distinguishes between the Jerusalem before the final judgment and this new Jerusalem after that event .
Perhaps so !
In the Apocalypse always this form \
Ierousal
m \ (
3:12 ;
strkjv @
21:2 ,
10 |),
but in John '
s Gospel \
Hierosoluma \ (
1:19 |,
etc .). {
Which cometh down } (\
h
katabainousa \).
Nominative case in apposition with the preceding genitive \
pole
s \
as in strkjv @
1:5 ;
strkjv @
2:20 |,
etc . {
Mine own new name } (\
to onoma mou to kainon \).
For which see strkjv @
2:17 ;
strkjv @
19:12 ,
16 |.
Christ himself will receive a new name along with all else in the future world (
Gressmann ).
rwp @
Revelation:3:14 @{
In Laodicea } (\
en Laodiki
i \).
Forty miles south-east of Philadelphia and some forty miles east of Ephesus ,
the last of the seven churches addressed with special messages ,
on the river Lycus on the border of Phrygia ,
near Colossae and Hierapolis ,
recipient of two letters by Paul (
Colossians:4:16 |),
on the great trade-route from Ephesus to the east and seat of large manufacturing and banking operations (
especially of woollen carpets and clothing ,
Ramsay ,
_Cities
and Bishoprics of Phrygia_
,
p .
40ff .),
centre of the worship of Asklepios and seat of a medical school and also of a provincial court where Cicero lived and wrote many of his letters ,
home of many Jews ,
called by Ramsay (
_op
.
cit .
_
,
p .
413 ) "
the City of Compromise ,"
the church here founded apparently by Epaphras (
Colossians:1:7 ;
strkjv @
4:12f .|),
now a deserted ruin ,
one of six cities with this name (
meaning justice of the people ).
No praise is bestowed on this church ,
but only blame for its lukewarmness . {
The Amen } (\
ho Am
n \).
Personal (
masculine article )
name here alone ,
though in strkjv @
Isaiah:65:16 |
we have "
the God of Amen "
understood in the LXX as "
the God of truth " (\
ton theon ton al
thinon \).
Here applied to Christ .
See strkjv @
1:5 |
for \
ho martus ho pistos \ (
the faithful witness )
and strkjv @
3:7 |
for \
ho al
thinos \ (
the genuine ), "
whose testimony never falls short of the truth " (
Swete ). {
The beginning of the creation of God } (\
h
arch
t
s ktise
s tou theou \).
Not the first of creatures as the Arians held and Unitarians do now ,
but the originating source of creation through whom God works (
Colossians:1:15 ,
18 |,
a passage probably known to the Laodiceans ,
strkjv @
John:1:3 ;
strkjv @
Hebrews:1:2 |,
as is made clear by strkjv @
1:18 ;
strkjv @
2:8 ;
strkjv @
3:21 ;
strkjv @
5:13 |).
rwp @
Revelation:3:15 @{
Neither cold } (\
oute psuchros \).
Old word from \
psuch \,
to grow cold (
Matthew:24:12 |),
in N .
T .
only strkjv @
Matthew:10:42 |
and this passage . {
Nor hot } (\
oute zestos \).
Late verbal from \
ze \,
to boil , (
Romans:12:11 |),
boiling hot ,
here only in N .
T . {
I would thou wert } (\
ophelon
s \).
Wish about the present with \
ophelon \ (
really \
phelon \,
second aorist active indicative of \
opheil \,
without augment )
with the imperfect \
s \ (
instead of the infinitive )
as in strkjv @
2Corinthians:11:1 |,
when the old Greek used \
eithe \
or \
ei gar \.
See strkjv @
1Corinthians:4:8 |
for the aorist indicative and strkjv @
Galatians:5:12 |
for the future .
rwp @
Revelation:3:16 @{
Lukewarm } (\
chliaros \).
Tepid .
Old adjective from \
chli \,
to liquefy ,
to melt ,
here alone in N .
T . {
I will } (\
mell \). "
I am about to ,"
on the point of . {
Spew thee } (\
se emesai \).
First aorist active infinitive of \
eme \,
old verb to vomit ,
to reject with extreme disgust ,
here alone in N .
T .
rwp @
Revelation:3:17 @{
I am rich } (\
hoti plousios eimi \).
Recitative \
hoti \
like quotation marks before direct quotation .
Old adjective from \
ploutos \,
riches ,
wealth .
Laodicea was a wealthy city and the church "
carried the pride of wealth into its spiritual life " (
Swete ). {
Have gotten riches } (\
peplout
ka \).
Perfect active indicative of \
ploute \,
old verb from \
ploutos \,
used here of imagined spiritual riches which the church did not possess ,
just the opposite of church in Smyrna (
poor in wealth ,
rich in grace ).
This church was in a rich city and was rich in pride and conceit ,
but poor in grace and ignorant of its spiritual poverty (\
ouk oidas \,
knowest not ). {
The wretched one } (\
ho talaip
ros \).
Old adjective from \
tla \,
to endure ,
and \
p
ros \,
a callus ,
afflicted ,
in N .
T .
only here and strkjv @
Romans:7:24 |.
Note the one article in the predicate with all these five adjectives unifying the picture of sharp emphasis on "
thou " (\
su \), "
thou that boastest ." {
Miserable } (\
eleeinos \).
Pitiable as in strkjv @
1Corinthians:15:19 |. {
Poor } (\
pt
chos \).
See strkjv @
2:9 |
for spiritual poverty .
Perhaps some local example of self-complacency is in mind . {
Blind } (\
tuphlos \).
Spiritual blindness as often (
Matthew:23:17 |),
and note "
eye-salve "
in verse 18 |. {
Naked } (\
gumnos \). "
The figure completes the picture of actual poverty " (
Beckwith ).
See 15 ,
16 |.
rwp @
Revelation:3:18 @{
I counsel } (\
sumbouleu \).
Present active indicative ,
old compound from \
sumboulos \,
counsellor (
Romans:11:34 |),
as in strkjv @
John:18:14 |.
Almost ironical in tone . {
To buy } (\
agorasai \).
First aorist active infinitive of \
agoraz \ (
from \
agora \,
market-place ),
rich as they think themselves to be . {
From me } (\
par '
emou \).
From my side ,
emphatic . {
Refined by fire } (\
pepur
menon ek puros \).
Perfect passive participle of \
puro \ (
as in strkjv @
1:15 |)
and the metaphor carried on by \
ek puros \, "
fired by fire ."
Purity by removing dross (
Psalms:66:10 |)
like strkjv @
1Peter:1:7 |. {
That thou mayest become rich } (\
hina plout
s
is \).
Purpose clause with \
hina \
and the ingressive first aorist active of \
ploute \,
spiritual riches . {
That thou mayest clothe thyself } (\
hina peribal
i \).
Purpose clause with \
hina \
and second aorist middle (
direct )
subjunctive of \
periball \,
to fling round one as in strkjv @
3:5 |. {
Be not made manifest } (\
m
phaner
th
i \).
Continued purpose clause with negative \
m \
and first aorist passive subjunctive of \
phanero \. {
Nakedness } (\
gumnot
tos \).
Late and rare word from \
gumnos \,
naked ,
in N .
T .
only here ,
strkjv @
2Corinthians:11:27 ;
strkjv @
Romans:8:35 |.
Cf .
strkjv @
Revelation:16:15 ;
strkjv @
20:13 ;
strkjv @
2Corinthians:5:2f |. {
Eye-salve } (\
kollourion \).
Diminutive of \
kollura \ (
coarse bread of cylindrical shape ),
object of \
agorasai \,
name for a famous Phrygian powder for the eyes made in Laodicea (
Charles ),
Latin _collyrium_
(
used for eye-salve by Horace and Juvenal ). {
To anoint } (\
egchrisai \).
First aorist active infinitive (
epexegetic )
of \
egchri \,
late compound (\
en ,
chri \,
Strabo ,
Epictetus ),
to rub in ,
here only in N .
T . {
That thou mayest see } (\
hina blep
is \).
Another purpose clause with \
hina \
and the present active subjunctive (
keep on seeing ).
rwp @
Revelation:3:19 @
Free rendering of strkjv @
Proverbs:3:12 | (
in strkjv @
Hebrews:12:6 |),
but with \
hous ean \ (
indefinite relative plural )
for \
hon \ (
definite relative singular ),
with \
phil \
instead of \
agap
i \
and with the first person \
paideu \
for \
paideuei \ (
the Lord chastens ,
from \
pais \,
child ,
training a child )
and with \
elegch \ (
reprove )
added . {
Be zealous } (\
z
leue \).
Present active imperative of \
z
leu \,
in good sense (
from \
z
los ,
ze \,
to boil ),
in opposition to their lukewarmness ,
here only in N .
T . (
elsewhere \
z
lo \), "
keep on being zealous ." {
Repent } (\
metano
son \).
Ingressive first aorist active imperative of \
metanoe \.
rwp @
Revelation:3:20 @{
I stand at the door } (\
hest
ka epi t
n thuran \).
Perfect active of \
hist
mi \ (
intransitive ).
Picture of the Lord '
s advent as in strkjv @
Matthew:24:33 ;
strkjv @
James:5:9 |,
but true also of the individual response to Christ '
s call (
Luke:12:36 |)
as shown in Holman Hunt '
s great picture .
Some see a use also of strkjv @
Songs:5:2 |. {
If any man hear--and open } (\
ean tis akous
i kai anoix
i \).
Condition of third class with \
ean \
and first aorist (
ingressive )
active subjunctive of \
akou \
and \
anoig \.
See strkjv @
John:10:3 ;
strkjv @
18:37 |.
See the picture reversed (
Swete )
in strkjv @
Luke:13:25 ;
strkjv @
Matthew:25:10 |. {
I will come in to him } (\
eiseleusomai \).
Future middle of \
eiserchomai \.
See strkjv @
Mark:15:43 ;
strkjv @
Acts:11:3 |
for \
eiserchomai pros \,
to go into a man '
s house .
Cf .
strkjv @
John:14:23 |. {
Will sup } (\
deipn
s \).
Future active of \
deipne \,
old verb ,
from \
deipnon \ (
supper ),
as in strkjv @
Luke:17:8 |.
Fellowship in the Messianic kingdom (
Luke:22:30 ;
strkjv @
Mark:14:25 ;
strkjv @
Matthew:26:29 |).
Purely metaphorical ,
as is plain from strkjv @
1Corinthians:6:13 |.
rwp @
Revelation:3:21 @{
He that overcometh } (\
ho nik
n \).
Absolute nominative again as in strkjv @
3:12 |,
but resumed this time by the dative \
aut
i \
as in strkjv @
2:26 |. {
To sit } (\
kathisai \).
First aorist active infinitive of \
kathiz \.
This promise grows out of the prophecy that the saints will share in the Messiah '
s rule ,
made to the twelve (
Matthew:19:28 ;
strkjv @
Luke:22:29f .|),
repeated by Paul (
1Corinthians:6:2f .|),
enlarged in strkjv @
Revelation:22:1-5 | (
to last forever ,
strkjv @
2Timothy:2:11f .|).
James and John took this hope and promise literally (
Mark:10:40 |)
not metaphorically . {
As I also overcame } (\
h
s kag
enik
sa \).
First aorist active indicative of \
nika \,
looking back on the victory as over in the past .
In strkjv @
John:16:33 |
before the Cross Jesus says \
Eg
nenik
ka ton kosmon \ (
perfect active ),
emphasizing the abiding effect of the victory . {
Sat down } (\
ekathisa \). "
I took my seat " (
Hebrews:1:3 |)
where Christ is now (
Revelation:22:3 ;
strkjv @
Colossians:3:1 |).
Cf .
strkjv @
1John:5:4 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:2:27f |.
Each of these seven messages begins alike and ends alike .
Each is the message of the Christ and of the Holy Spirit to the angel of the church .
Each has a special message suited to the actual condition of each church .
In each case the individual who overcomes has a promise of blessing .
Christ the Shepherd knows his sheep and lays bare the particular peril in each case .