Revelation:8
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rwp @
Revelation:8:1 @{
And when he opened } (\
kai hotan
noixen \).
Here modal \
an \
is used with \
hote \ (
used about the opening of the preceding six seals ),
but \
hotan \
is not here rendered more indefinite ,
as is sometimes true (
Mark:3:11 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:4:9 |),
but here and possibly (
can be repetition )
in strkjv @
Mark:11:19 |
it is a particular instance ,
not a general rule (
Robertson ,
_Grammar_
,
p .
973 ). {
There followed a silence } (\
egeneto sig \).
Second aorist middle of \
ginomai \. "
There came silence ."
Dramatic effect by this profound stillness with no elder or angel speaking ,
no chorus of praise nor cry of adoration ,
no thunder from the throne (
Swete ),
but a temporary cessation in the revelations .
See strkjv @
10:4 |. {
About the space of half an hour } (\
h
s h
mi
ron \).
Late and rare word (\
h
mi \,
half , \
h
ra \,
hour ),
here only in N .
T .
Accusative of extent of time .
rwp @
Revelation:8:2 @{
Stand } (\
hest
kasin \).
Perfect active of \
hist
mi \ (
intransitive ).
Another "
hebdomad "
so frequent in the Apocalypse .
The article (
the seven angels )
seems to point to seven well-known angels .
In Enoch strkjv @
20:7 the names of seven archangels are given (
Uriel ,
Raphael ,
Raguel ,
Michael ,
Sariel ,
Gabriel ,
Remiel )
and "
angels of the Presence "
is an idea like that in strkjv @
Isaiah:63:9 |.
We do not know precisely what is John '
s idea here . {
Seven trumpets } (\
hepta salpigges \).
We see trumpets assigned to angels in strkjv @
Matthew:24:31 ;
strkjv @
1Thessalonians:4:16 ;
strkjv @
1Corinthians:15:52 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:4:1 ,
4 |.
See also the use of trumpets in strkjv @
Joshua:6:13 ;
strkjv @
Joel:2:1 |.
These seven trumpets are soon to break the half hour of silence .
Thus the seven trumpets grow out of the opening of the seventh seal ,
however that fact is to be interpreted .
rwp @
Revelation:8:3 @{
Another angel } (\
allos aggelos \).
Not one of the seven of verse 2 |
and before they began to sound the trumpets .
This preliminary incident of the offering of incense on the altar covers verses 3-6 |. {
Stood } (\
estath \).
Ingressive first aorist passive of \
hist
mi \ (
intransitive ), "
took his place ." {
Over the altar } (\
epi tou thusiast
riou \).
See strkjv @
6:9 |
for the word for the burnt-offering ,
here apparently the altar of incense (
clearly so in strkjv @
Luke:1:11 |;
possibly also strkjv @
Revelation:9:13 |),
but it is not clear that in apocalyptic the distinction between the two altars of the tabernacle and temple is preserved .
Aleph C Q have the genitive ,
while A P have the accusative \
epi to thusiast
rion \. {
A golden censer } (\
liban
ton chrusoun \).
Old word for frankincense (
from \
libanos \,
strkjv @
Matthew:2:11 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:18:13 |),
but here alone in N .
T .
and for censer ,
as is plain by the use of \
chrusoun \ (
golden )
with it .
Cf .
strkjv @
1Kings:7:50 |. {
Much incense } (\
thumiamata polla \).
See strkjv @
5:8 |
for \
thumiama \ (
the aromatic substance burnt ,
also in strkjv @
18:13 |),
but here for the live coals on which the incense falls . {
That he should add } (\
hina d
sei \).
Sub-final clause (
subject of \
edoth \,
was given ,
singular because \
thumiamata \
neuter plural )
with \
hina \
and the future active indicative of \
did
mi \,
to give ,
instead of \
d
i \,
the second aorist subjunctive . {
Unto the prayers } (\
tais proseuchais \).
Dative case .
In strkjv @
5:18 |
the \
thumiamata \
are the prayers . {
Upon the golden altar } (\
epi to thusiast
rion to chrusoun to \).
Accusative case here ,
not genitive as above ,
and apparently the altar of incense as indicated by the word golden (
Exodus:30:1ff .;
strkjv @
Leviticus:4:17 |).
Note triple article here \
to \ (
once before the substantive ,
once before the adjective ,
once before the adjunct "
the one before the throne ").
rwp @
Revelation:8:4 @{
The smoke } (\
ho kapnos \).
Old word ,
in N .
T .
only strkjv @
Acts:2:19 ;
strkjv @
Revelation:8:4 ;
strkjv @
9:2f .,
17f .;
strkjv @
14:11 ;
strkjv @
15:8 ;
strkjv @
18:9 ,
18 ;
strkjv @
19:3 |.
Here from the incense in the angel '
s hand . {
With the prayers } (\
tais proseuchais \).
Songs:associative-instrumental case ,
but it may be dative as in verse 3 | (
for ).
rwp @
Revelation:8:5 @{
Taketh } (\
eil
phen \).
Vivid dramatic perfect active indicative of \
lamban \
as in strkjv @
5:7 |, "
has taken ."
The angel had apparently ]
aid aside the censer .
Hardly merely the pleonastic use of \
lamban \ (
John:19:23 |).
John pictures the scene for us . {
Filled } (\
egemisen \).
He drops back to the narrative use of the first aorist active indicative of \
gemiz \. {
With the fire } (\
ek tou puros \),
live coals from the altar (
cf .
strkjv @
Isaiah:6:6 |). {
Cast } (\
ebalen \).
Second aorist active indicative of \
ball \.
See strkjv @
Genesis:19:24 | (
Sodom );
strkjv @
Ezekiel:10:2 |
and Christ '
s bold metaphor in strkjv @
Luke:12:49 |.
See this use of \
ball \
also in strkjv @
Revelation:8:7 ;
strkjv @
12:4 ,
9 ,
13 ;
strkjv @
14:19 |. {
Followed } (\
egenonto \).
Came to pass naturally after the casting of fire on the earth .
Same three elements in strkjv @
4:5 |,
but in different order (
lightnings ,
voices ,
thunders ),
lightning naturally preceding thunder as some MSS .
have it here .
Perhaps \
ph
nai \,
the voices of the storm (
wind ,
etc .).
rwp @
Revelation:8:6 @{
Prepared themselves } (\
h
toimasan hautous \).
First aorist active indicative of \
hetoimaz \.
They knew the signal and got ready . {
To sound } (\
hina salpis
sin \).
Sub-final (
object )
clause with \
hina \
and the first aorist ingressive active subjunctive of \
salpiz \.
The infinitive could have been used .
rwp @
Revelation:8:7 @{
Sounded } (\
esalpisen \).
First aorist active indicative of \
salpiz \,
repeated with each angel in turn (
8:8 ,
10 ,
12 ;
strkjv @
9:1 ,
13 ;
strkjv @
11:15 |). {
Hail and fire mingled with blood } (\
chalaza kai pur memigmena en haimati \).
Like the plague of hail and fire in strkjv @
Exodus:9:24 |.
The first four trumpets are very much like the plagues in Egypt ,
this one like a semitropical thunderstorm (
Swete )
with blood like the first plague (
Exodus:7:17ff .;
strkjv @
Psalms:106:35 |).
The old feminine word \
chalaza \ (
hail )
is from the verb \
chala \,
to let down (
Mark:2:4 |),
in N .
T .
only in strkjv @
Revelation:8:7 ;
strkjv @
11:19 ;
strkjv @
16:21 |.
The perfect passive participle \
memigmena \ (
from \
mignumi \,
to mix )
is neuter plural because of \
pur \ (
fire ). {
Were cast } (\
ebl
th \).
First aorist passive singular because \
chalaza \
and \
pur \
treated as neuter plural . "
The storm flung itself on the earth " (
Swete ). {
Was burnt up } (\
kateka \).
Second aorist (
effective )
passive indicative of \
katakai \,
old verb to burn down (
effective use of \
kata \,
up ,
we say ).
Repeated here three times for dramatic effect .
See strkjv @
7:1-3 |
about the trees and strkjv @
9:4 |
where the locusts are forbidden to injure the grass .
rwp @
Revelation:8:8 @{
As it were } (\
h
s \). "
As if ,"
not a great mountain ,
but a blazing mass as large as a mountain . {
Burning with fire } (\
puri kaiomenon \).
Present middle participle of \
kai \.
Somewhat like Enoch strkjv @
18:13 ,
but perhaps with the picture of a great volcanic eruption like that of Vesuvius in A .
D .
79 .
Strabo tells of an eruption B .
C .
196 which made a new island (
Palaea Kaumene ). {
Became blood } (\
egeneto haima \).
Like the Nile in the first plague (
Exodus:7:20ff .|).
Cf .
also strkjv @
16:3 |.
rwp @
Revelation:8:9 @{
Of the creatures } (\
t
n ktismat
n \).
See strkjv @
5:13 |
for this word \
ktisma \.
Even they that had life (\
ta echonta psuchas \).
Here the nominative articular participle is in apposition with the genitive \
ktismat
n \,
as often in this book .
See strkjv @
Exodus:7:20 |
for the destruction of fish ,
and strkjv @
Zephaniah:1:3 |. {
Was destroyed } (\
diephthar
san \).
Second aorist passive indicative of \
diaphtheir \,
old compound ,
to corrupt ,
to consume ,
to destroy (
perfective use of \
dia \),
also strkjv @
11:18 |.
The plural \
ploion \
just before the verb makes the idea plural .
rwp @
Revelation:8:10 @{
Burning as a torch } (\
kaiomenos h
s lampas \).
See strkjv @
4:5 ;
strkjv @
Matthew:2:2 |,
perhaps a meteor ,
striking at the fresh-water supply (
rivers \
potam
n \,
springs \
p
gas \)
as in the first Egyptian plague also .
rwp @
Revelation:8:11 @{
Wormwood } (\
ho Apsinthos \).
Absinthe .
Usually feminine (\
h \),
but masculine here probably because \
ast
r \
is masculine .
Only here in N .
T .
and not in LXX (\
pikria \,
bitterness , \
chol \,
gall ,
etc .)
except by Aquila in strkjv @
Proverbs:5:4 ;
strkjv @
Jeremiah:9:15 ;
strkjv @
23:15 |.
There are several varieties of the plant in Palestine . {
Became wormwood } (\
egeneto eis apsinthon \).
This use of \
eis \
in the predicate with \
ginomai \
is common in the LXX and the N .
T . (
16:19 ;
strkjv @
John:16:20 ;
strkjv @
Acts:5:36 |). {
Of the waters } (\
ek t
n hudat
n \).
As a result of (\
ek \)
the use of the poisoned waters . {
Were made bitter } (\
epikranth
san \).
First aorist passive indicative of \
pikrain \.
Old verb (
from \
pikros \,
bitter ),
as in strkjv @
10:9f |.
In a metaphorical sense to embitter in strkjv @
Colossians:3:19 |.
rwp @
Revelation:8:12 @{
Was smitten } (\
epl
g \).
Second aorist passive indicative of \
pl
ss \,
old verb (
like \
pl
g \
plague ),
here only in N .
T . {
That should be darkened } (\
hina skotisth
i \).
Purpose clause with \
hina \
and the first aorist passive subjunctive of \
skotiz \,
from \
skotos \ (
darkness )
as in strkjv @
Matthew:24:29 |,
but \
skoto \
in strkjv @
Revelation:9:2 |. {
And the day should not shine } (\
kai h
h
mera m
phan
i \).
Negative purpose clause with \
hina m \
and the first aorist active subjunctive of \
phain \,
to shed light upon ,
as in strkjv @
18:23 |,
not the second aorist passive subjunctive \
phan
i \
with different accent .
The eclipse here is only partial and is kin to the ninth Egyptian plague (
Exodus:10:21 |).
rwp @
Revelation:8:13 @{
An eagle } (\
henos aetou \). "
One eagle ,"
perhaps \
henos \ (\
heis \)
used as an indefinite article (
9:13 ;
strkjv @
18:21 ;
strkjv @
19:17 |).
See strkjv @
4:7 |
also for the flying eagle ,
the strongest of birds ,
sometimes a symbol of vengeance (
Deuteronomy:28:49 ;
strkjv @
Hosea:8:1 ;
strkjv @
Habbakkuk:1:8 |). {
Flying in mid-heaven } (\
petomenou en mesouran
mati \).
Like the angel in strkjv @
14:6 |
and the birds in strkjv @
19:17 |. \
Mesouran
ma \ (
from \
mesourane \
to be in mid-heaven )
is a late word (
Plutarch ,
papyri )
for the sun at noon ,
in N .
T .
only these three examples .
This eagle is flying where all can see ,
and crying so that all can hear . {
Woe ,
woe ,
woe } (\
ouai ,
ouai ,
ouai \).
Triple because three trumpets yet to come .
In strkjv @
18:10 ,
16 ,
19 |
the double \
ouai \
is merely for emphasis . {
For them that dwell on the earth } (\
tous katoikountas \).
Accusative of the articular present active participle of \
katoike \,
is unusual (
Aleph Q here and also in strkjv @
12:12 |)
as in strkjv @
Matthew:11:21 |.
There is even a nominative in strkjv @
18:10 |. {
By reason of the other voices } (\
ek t
n loip
n ph
n
n \). "
As a result of (\
ek \)
the rest of the voices ."
There is more and worse to come , "
of the three angels who are yet to sound " (\
t
n tri
n aggel
n t
n mellont
n salpizein \).