rwp - Romans:11:1-10

rwp@Romans:11:1 @{I say then} (\leg oun\). As in verse 11|. \Oun\ looks back to strkjv@9:16-33| and strkjv@10:19-21|. {Did God cast off?} (\m apsato ho theos?\). An indignant negative answer is called for by \m\ and emphasized by \m genoito\ (God forbid). Paul refers to the promise in the O.T. made three times: strkjv@1Samuel:12:22; strkjv@Psalms:94:14| (Psalms:93:14| LXX); strkjv@Psalms:94:4|. First aorist middle indicative (without augment) of \apthe\, to push away, to repel, middle, to push away from one as in strkjv@Acts:7:27|. {For I also} (\kai gar eg\). Proof that not all the Jews have rejected Christ. See strkjv@Phillipians:3:5| for more of Paul's pedigree.

rwp@Romans:11:2 @{Whom he foreknew} (\hon proegn\). The same form and sense as in strkjv@8:29|, which see. Probably the Hebrew sense of choice beforehand. The nation of Israel was God's chosen people and so all the individuals in it could not be cast off. {Wot ye not?} (\ouk oidate?\). "Know ye not?" Why keep the old English "wot"? {Of Elijah} (\en Eleii\). "In the case of Elijah." Cf. "in the bush" (Mark:12:26|). {He pleadeth} (\entugchanei\). See on ¯8:27|. \Entugchan\ means to happen on one and so to converse with (Acts:25:24|), to plead for (Romans:8:27,34|), to plead against as here with \kata\, but the "against" is in \kata\.

rwp@Romans:11:3 @{They have digged down} (\kateskapsan\). First aorist active indicative of \kataskapt\, to dig under or down. Old verb, here only in N.T. (critical text). LXX has \katheilan\ "pulled down." Paul has reversed the order of the LXX of strkjv@1Kings:19:10,14,18|. {Altars} (\thusiastria\). Late word (LXX, Philo, Josephus, N.T. eccl. writers) from \thusiaz\, to sacrifice. See strkjv@Acts:17:23|. {And I am left alone} (\kag hupeleiphthn monos\). First aorist passive indicative of \hupoleip\, old word, to leave under or behind, here only in N.T. Elijah's mood was that of utter dejection in his flight from Jezebel. {Life} (\psuchn\). It is not possible to draw a clear distinction between \psuch\ (soul) and \pneuma\ (spirit). \Psuch\ is from \psuch\, to breathe or blow, \pneuma\ from \pne\, to blow. Both are used for the personality and for the immortal part of man. Paul is usually dichotomous in his language, but sometimes trichotomous in a popular sense. We cannot hold Paul's terms to our modern psychological distinctions.

rwp@Romans:11:4 @{The answer of God} (\ho chrmatismos\). An old word in various senses like \chrmatiz\, only here in N.T. See this use of the verb in strkjv@Matthew:2:12,22; strkjv@Luke:2:26; strkjv@Acts:10:22|. {To Baal} (\ti Baal\). Feminine article. In the LXX the name \Baal\ is either masculine or feminine. The explanation is that the Jews put _Bosheth_ (\aischun\, shame) for Baal and in the LXX the feminine article occurs because \aischun\ is so, though here the LXX has the masculine \ti\.

rwp@Romans:11:5 @{Remnant} (\limma\). Old word, but only here in N.T., but in papyri also and with this spelling rather than \leimma\. From \leip\, to leave. {According to the election of grace} (\kat' eklogn charitos\). As in strkjv@9:6-13|. The election is all of God. Verse 6| explains it further.

rwp@Romans:11:6 @{Otherwise} (\epei\). Ellipse after \epei\ (since), "since, in that case." {Is no more} (\ouketi ginetai\). "No longer becomes" grace, loses its character as grace. Augustine: _Gratia nisi gratis sit gratia non est_.

rwp@Romans:11:7 @{What then?} (\ti oun?\). Since God did not push Israel away (verse 1|), what is true? {The election} (\h eklog\). Abstract for concrete (the elect). {Obtained} (\epetuchen\). Second aorist active indicative of \epitugchan\, old verb, to hit upon, only here in Paul. See strkjv@9:30-33| for the failure of the Jews. {Were hardened} (\eprthsan\). First aorist passive indicative of \pro\, late verb, to cover with thick skin (\pros\). See on strkjv@2Corinthians:3:14; strkjv@Mark:3:5|.

rwp@Romans:11:8 @{A spirit of stupor} (\pneuma katanuxes\). The quotation is a combination of strkjv@Deuteronomy:19:4; strkjv@Isaiah:29:10; strkjv@6:9f|. This phrase is from strkjv@Isaiah:29:10|. \Katanuxis\ is a late and rare word from \katanuss\, to prick or stick (Acts:2:37|), in LXX, here only in N.T., one example in _Pelagia-Legende_. The torpor seems the result of too much sensation, dulled by incitement into apathy. {That they should not see} (\tou m blepein\). Genitive articular infinitive of negative purpose. {That they should not hear} (\tou m akouein\). Songs:here also. See Stephen's speech (Acts:7:51f.|).

rwp@Romans:11:9 @{David says} (\Daueid legei\). From strkjv@Psalms:69:23f|; (68:23f| LXX); strkjv@34:8; strkjv@28:4| (combined quotation). {Table} (\trapeza\). For what is on the table, "a feast." {A snare} (\eis pagida\). From \pgnumi\, to make fast, old word for snares for birds and beasts. See on ¯Luke:21:35|. \Eis\ in predicate with \ginomai\ is a translation-Hebraism. {A trap} (\eis thran\). Old word for hunting of wild beasts, then a trap. Only here in N.T. {A stumbling-block} (\eis skandalon\). A third word for trap, snare, trap-stick or trigger over which they fall. See on ¯1Corinthians:1:23; strkjv@Romans:9:33|. {A recompense} (\eis antapodoma\). Late word from double compound verb \antapodidmi\, to repay (both \anti\ and \apo\). Ancient Greeks used \antapodosis\. In LXX and Didache. In N.T. only here (bad sense) and strkjv@Luke:14:12| (good sense).

rwp@Romans:11:10 @{Let their eyes be darkened} (\skotisthtsan hoi ophthalmoi autn\). First aorist passive imperative of \skotiz\, to darken. A terrible imprecation. {That they may not see} (\tou m blepein\). Repeated from verse 8|. {Bow down} (\sunkampson\). First aorist active imperative of \sunkampt\, old verb, to bend together as of captives whose backs (\nton\, another old word, only here in N.T.) were bent under burdens. Only here in N.T.