OT-LAW.filter - rwp 2Corinthians:4:1:

rwp@1Corinthians:4:10 @{We--you} (\hmeis--humeis\). Triple contrast in keenest ironical emphasis. "The three antitheses refer respectively to teaching, demeanour, and worldly position" (Robertson and Plummer). The apostles were fools for Christ's sake (2Corinthians:4:11; strkjv@Phillipians:3:7|). They made "union with Christ the basis of worldly wisdom" (Vincent). There is change of order (chiasm) in the third ironical contrast. They are over strong in pretension. \Endoxos\, illustrious, is one of the 103 words found only in Luke and Paul in the N.T. Notion of display and splendour.

rwp@1Corinthians:15:31 @{I protest by that glorying in you} (\n tn humeteran kauchsin\). No word for "I protest." Paul takes solemn oath by the use of \n\ (common in Attic) with the accusative. Only here in N.T., but in LXX (Genesis:42:15f.|). For other solemn oaths by Paul see strkjv@2Corinthians:1:18,23; strkjv@11:10f.,31; strkjv@Romans:9:1|. For \kauchsis\ see on ¯1Thessalonians:2:19|. The possessive pronoun (\humeteran\) is objective as \emn\ in strkjv@1Corinthians:11:24|. {I die daily} (\kath' hmeran apothnsk\). I am in daily peril of death (2Corinthians:4:11; strkjv@11:23; strkjv@Romans:8:36|).

rwp@1Peter:3:4 @{But the hidden man of the heart} (\all' ho kruptos ts kardias anthrpos\). Here \anthrpos\ is in contrast with \kosmos\ just before. See Paul's use of \anthrpos\ for the outer and old, the inner and new man (2Corinthians:4:16; strkjv@Romans:7:22; strkjv@Colossians:3:9; strkjv@Ephesians:3:16; strkjv@4:22,24|). See also the Jew \en krupti\ (Romans:2:29|) and what Jesus said about God seeing "in secret" (Matthew:6:4,6|). {In the incorruptible apparel of a meek and quiet spirit} (\en ti aphtharti tou hsuchiou kai praes pneumatos\). No word in the Greek for "apparel" (\kosmi\). For \aphthartos\ see strkjv@1:4,23|. For \praus\ see strkjv@Matthew:5:5; strkjv@11:29|. \Pneuma\ (spirit) is here disposition or temper (Bigg), unlike any other use in the N.T. In strkjv@3:18,19; strkjv@4:6| it means the whole inner man as opposed to \sarx\ or \sma\, very much as \psuch\ is used as opposed to \sma\. {Which} (\ho\). Spirit just mentioned. {Of great price} (\poluteles\). Old word (from \polu\ and \telos\, cost), in N.T. only here, strkjv@Mark:14:3; strkjv@1Timothy:2:9|.

rwp@1Timothy:1:13 @{Before} (\to proteron\). Accusative of general reference of the articular comparative, "as to the former-time," formerly, as in strkjv@Galatians:4:13|. {Though I was} (\onta\). Concessive participle agreeing with \me\. {Blasphemer} (\blasphmon\). Old word either from \blax\ (stupid) and \phm\, speech, or from \blapt\, to injure. Rare in N.T. but Paul uses \blasphme\, to blaspheme in strkjv@Romans:2:24|. {Persecutor} (\dikts\). Songs:far found only here. Probably made by Paul from \dik\, which he knew well enough (Acts:22:4,7; strkjv@26:14f.; strkjv@Galatians:1:13,23; strkjv@Phillipians:3:6; strkjv@2Timothy:3:12|). {Injurious} (\hubristn\). Substantive, not adjective, "an insolent man." Old word from \hubriz\, in N.T. only here and strkjv@Romans:1:30|. {I obtained mercy} (\elethn\). First aorist passive indicative of \elee\, old verb. See strkjv@2Corinthians:4:1; strkjv@Romans:11:30f|. {Ignorantly} (\agnon\). Present active participle of \agnoe\, "not knowing." Old verb (Romans:2:4|). In a blindness of heart. {In unbelief} (\en apistii\). See strkjv@Romans:11:20,25|.

rwp@2Corinthians:4:1 @{We faint not} (\ouk egkakoumen\). Present active indicative of \egkake\, late verb (\en, kakos\) to behave badly in, to give in to evil, to lose courage. In Symmachus (LXX), Polybius, and papyri. It is the faint-hearted coward. Paul speaks of himself (literary plural). Can he not speak for all of us?

rwp@2Corinthians:4:10 @{Bearing about} (\peripherontes\). Ignatius was called \Theophoros\, God-bearer. See strkjv@1Corinthians:15:31| where Paul says "I die daily" and strkjv@Phillipians:3:10; strkjv@Colossians:1:24|. {The dying of Jesus} (\tn nekrsin tou Isou\). Late word from \nekro\, to put to death. In Galen. In N.T. only here and strkjv@Romans:4:19|.

rwp@2Corinthians:4:11 @{Are alway delivered unto death} (\eis thanaton paradidometha\). This explains verse 10|.

rwp@2Corinthians:4:12 @{Death worketh in us} (\ho thanatos en hmin energeitai\). Middle voice present tense of the old verb to operate, be at work. Physical death works in him while spiritual life (paradox) works in them.

rwp@2Corinthians:4:13 @{According to that which is written} (\kata to gegrammenon\). This formula in legal documents in the papyri (_Bible Studies_, p. 250). Paul makes adaptation of the words in strkjv@Psalms:95:1|. {We also believe} (\kai hmeis pisteuomen\). Like the Psalmist. And therefore can speak with effect. Otherwise useless. {Shall present us with you} (\kai parastsei sun hmin\). This shows that Paul was not certain that he would be alive when Jesus comes as has been wrongly inferred from strkjv@1Corinthians:7:29; strkjv@10:11; strkjv@15:51|.

rwp@2Corinthians:4:15 @{Being multiplied through the many} (\pleonasasa dia tn pleionn\). Late word \pleonaz\ from \pleon\, more, "making more through the more," with play on \pleon\. One can think of Bunyan's _Grace Abounding_.

rwp@2Corinthians:4:16 @{Wherefore we faint not} (\dio ouk egkakoumen\). Repeats from verse 1|. {Our outward man} (\ho ex hmn anthrpos\), {our inward man} (\ho es hmn\). In strkjv@Romans:7:22; strkjv@Colossians:3:9; strkjv@Ephesians:4:22f.|, we have the inward man and the outward for the higher and the lower natures (the spirit and the flesh). "Here the decay (\diaphtheiretai\) of the bodily organism is set over against the growth in grace (\anakainoutai\, is refreshed) of the man himself" (Bernard). Plato (_Republ_. ix, p. 589) has \ho entos anthrpos\. Cf. "the hidden man of the heart" (1Peter:3:4|). {Day by day} (\hmeri kai hmeri\). This precise idiom is not in LXX nor rest of N.T. It may be colloquial use of locative in repetition.

rwp@2Corinthians:4:17 @{Our light affliction which is for the moment} (\to parautika elaphron ts thlipeses hmn\). Literally, "the for the moment (old adverb \parautika\, here only in N.T.) lightness (old word, in N.T. only here and strkjv@Matthew:11:30|)." {More and more exceedingly} (\kath' huperboln eis huperboln\). Like piling Pelion on Ossa, "according to excess unto excess." See on ¯1Corinthians:12:31|. {Eternal weight of glory} (\ainion baros doxs\). Careful balancing of words in contrast (affliction vs. glory, lightness vs. weight, for the moment vs. eternal).

rwp@2Corinthians:4:18 @{While we look not} (\m skopountn hmn\). Genitive absolute with participle of \skope\ from \skopos\, goal. {Temporal} (\proskaira\). Rather temporary, for a season (\pros kairon\). Late word. See on ¯Matthew:13:21|. See strkjv@1Corinthians:13:12; strkjv@Hebrews:11:1|.

rwp@2Thessalonians:3:13 @{But ye, brethren, be not weary in well-doing} (\humeis de, adelphoi, m enkakste kalopoiountes\). Emphatic position of \humeis\ in contrast to these piddlers. \M\ and the aorist subjunctive is a prohibition against beginning an act (Robertson, _Grammar_, pp. 851-4). It is a late verb and means to behave badly in, to be cowardly, to lose courage, to flag, to faint, (\en, kakos\) and outside of strkjv@Luke:18:1| in the N.T. is only in Paul's Epistles (2Thessalonians:3:13; strkjv@2Corinthians:4:1,16; strkjv@Galatians:6:9; strkjv@Ephesians:3:13|). It occurs in Polybius. The late verb \kalopoie\, to do the fair (\kalos\) or honourable thing occurs nowhere else in the N.T., but is in the LXX and a late papyrus. Paul uses \to kalon poiein\ in strkjv@2Corinthians:13:7; strkjv@Galatians:6:9; strkjv@Romans:7:21| with the same idea. He has \agathopoie\, to do good, in strkjv@1Timothy:6:18|.

rwp@2Timothy:2:10 @{For the elect's sake} (\dia tous eklektous\). "Because of the elect." God's elect (Romans:8:33; strkjv@Colossians:3:12; strkjv@Titus:1:1|) for whom Paul suffered so much (Colossians:1:6; strkjv@12:15; strkjv@Phillipians:2:17; strkjv@Ephesians:3:1,13|). {That they also may obtain} (\hina kai autoi tuchsin\). Purpose clause with second aorist (effective) active subjunctive of \tugchan\ with genitive. "They as well as I," Paul means. {The salvation} (\ts strias\). The final salvation "with eternal glory" (\meta doxs ainiou\). This phrase only here and strkjv@1Peter:5:10|, but in strkjv@2Corinthians:4:17| we have "eternal weight of glory."

rwp@Colossians:1:22 @{Yet now} (\nuni de\). Sharpened contrast with emphatic form of \nun\, "now" being not at the present moment, but in the present order of things in the new dispensation of grace in Christ. {Hath he reconciled} (\apokatllaxen\). First aorist (effective, timeless) active indicative (a sort of parenthetical anacoluthon). Here B reads \apokatallagte\, be ye reconciled like \katallagte\ in strkjv@2Corinthians:5:20| while D has \apokatallagentes\. Lightfoot prefers to follow B here (the hard reading), though Westcott and Hort only put it in the margin. On the word see verse 20|. {In the body of his flesh} (\en ti smati ts sarkos autou\). See the same combination in strkjv@2:11| though in strkjv@Ephesians:2:14| only \sarki\ (flesh). Apparently Paul combines both \sma\ and \sarx\ to make plain the actual humanity of Jesus against incipient Docetic Gnostics who denied it. {Through death} (\dia tou thanatou\). The reconciliation was accomplished by means of Christ's death on the cross (verse 20|) and not just by the Incarnation (the body of his flesh) in which the death took place. {To present} (\parastsai\). First aorist active (transitive) infinitive (of purpose) of \paristmi\, old verb, to place beside in many connections. See it used of presenting Paul and the letter from Lysias to Felix (Acts:23:33|). Repeated in strkjv@Colossians:2:28|. See also strkjv@2Corinthians:11:2; strkjv@2Corinthians:4:14|. Paul has the same idea of his responsibility in rendering an account for those under his influence seen in strkjv@Hebrews:13:17|. See strkjv@Romans:12:1| for use of living sacrifice. {Holy} (\hagious\). Positively consecrated, separated unto God. Common in N.T. for believers. Haupt holds that all these terms have a religious and forensic sense here. {Without blemish} (\ammous\). Without spot (Phillipians:2:15|). Old word \a\ privative and \mmos\ (blemish). Common in the LXX for ceremonial purifications. {Unreproveable} (\anegkltous\). Old verbal adjective from \a\ privative and \egkale\, to call to account, to pick flaws in. These three adjectives give a marvellous picture of complete purity (positive and negative, internal and external). This is Paul's ideal when he presents the Colossians "before him" (\katenpion autou\), right down in the eye of Christ the Judge of all.

rwp@Ephesians:3:13 @{That ye faint not} (\m enkakein\). Object infinitive with \m\ after \aitoumai\. The infinitive (present active) \enkakein\ is a late and rare word (see already strkjv@Luke:18:1; strkjv@2Thessalonians:3:13; strkjv@2Corinthians:4:1,16; strkjv@Galatians:6:9|) and means to behave badly in, to give in to evil (\en, kakos\). Paul urges all his apostolic authority to keep the readers from giving in to evil because of his tribulations for them. {Your glory} (\doxa humn\). As they could see.

rwp@Ephesians:3:16 @{That he would grant you} (\hina di humin\). Sub-final clause with \hina\ and the second aorist active subjunctive of \didmi\, to give. There are really five petitions in this greatest of all Paul's prayers (one already in strkjv@1:16-23|), two by the infinitives after \hina di\ (\krataithnai, katoiksai\), two infinitives after \hina exischuste\ (\katalabesthai, gnnai\), and the last clause \hina plrthte\. Nowhere does Paul sound such depths of spiritual emotion or rise to such heights of spiritual passion as here. The whole seems to be coloured with "the riches of His glory." {That ye may be strengthened} (\krataithnai\). First aorist passive infinitive of \krataio\, late and rare (LXX, N.T.) from \krataios\, late form from \kratos\ (strength). See strkjv@Luke:1:80|. Paul adds \dunamei\ (with the Spirit). Instrumental case. {In the inward man} (\eis ton es anthrpon\). Same expression in strkjv@2Corinthians:4:16| (in contrast with the outward \ex\, man) and in strkjv@Romans:7:22|.

rwp@Galatians:6:1 @{If a man be overtaken} (\ean kai prolmphthi anthrpos\). Condition of third class, first aorist passive subjunctive of \prolamban\, old verb to take beforehand, to surprise, to detect. {Trespass} (\paraptmati\). Literally, a falling aside, a slip or lapse in the papyri rather than a wilful sin. In Polybius and Diodorus. _Koin_ word. {Ye which are spiritual} (\hoi pneumatikoi\). See on ¯1Corinthians:3:1|. The spiritually led (5:18|), the spiritual experts in mending souls. {Restore} (\katartizete\). Present active imperative of \katartiz\, the very word used in strkjv@Matthew:4:21| of mending nets, old word to make \artios\, fit, to equip thoroughly. {Looking to thyself} (\skopn seauton\). Keeping an eye on as in strkjv@2Corinthians:4:18| like a runner on the goal. {Lest thou also be tempted} (\m kai su peirasthis\). Negative purpose with first aorist passive subjunctive. Spiritual experts (preachers in particular) need this caution. Satan loves a shining mark.

rwp@Galatians:6:2 @{Bear ye one another's burdens} (\allln ta bar bastazete\). Keep on bearing (present active imperative of \bastaz\, old word, used of Jesus bearing his Cross in strkjv@John:19:17|. \Baros\ means weight as in strkjv@Matthew:20:12; strkjv@2Corinthians:4:17|. It is when one's load (\phortion\, verse 5|) is about to press one down. Then give help in carrying it. {Fulfil} (\anaplrsate\). First aorist active imperative of \anaplro\, to fill up, old word, and see on ¯Matthew:23:32; strkjv@1Thessalonians:2:16; strkjv@1Corinthians:14:16|. Some MSS. have future indicative (\anaplrsete\).

rwp@Galatians:6:9 @{Let us not be weary in well-doing} (\to kalon poiountes m enkakmen\). Volitive present active subjunctive of \enkake\ on which see strkjv@Luke:18:1; strkjv@2Thessalonians:3:13; strkjv@2Corinthians:4:1,16| (\en, kakos\, evil). Literally, "Let us not keep on giving in to evil while doing the good." It is curious how prone we are to give in and to give out in doing the good which somehow becomes prosy or insipid to us. {In due season} (\kairi idii\). Locative case, "at its proper season" (harvest time). Cf. strkjv@1Timothy:2:6; strkjv@6:15| (plural). {If we faint not} (\m ekluomenoi\). Present passive participle (conditional) with \m\. Cf. \eklu\, old verb to loosen out. Literally, "not loosened out," relaxed, exhausted as a result of giving in to evil (\enkakmen\).

rwp@Hebrews:6:6 @{It is impossible to renew them again} (\adunaton palin anakainizein\). The \adunaton\ (impossible) comes first in verse 4| without \estin\ (is) and there is no "them" in the Greek. There are three other instances of \adunaton\ in Hebrews (6:18; strkjv@10:4; strkjv@11:6|). The present active infinitive of \anakainiz\ (late verb, \ana, kainos\, here only in the N.T., but \anakaino\, strkjv@2Corinthians:4:16; strkjv@Colossians:3:10|) with \adunaton\ bluntly denies the possibility of renewal for apostates from Christ (cf. strkjv@3:12-4:2|). It is a terrible picture and cannot be toned down. The one ray of light comes in verses 8-12|, not here. {Seeing they crucify to themselves afresh} (\anastraurountas heautois\). Present active participle (accusative plural agreeing with \tous... parapesontas\) of \anastauro\, the usual verb for crucify in the old Greek so that \ana-\ here does not mean "again" or "afresh," but "up," _sursum_, not _rursum_ (Vulgate). This is the reason why renewal for such apostates is impossible. They crucify Christ. {And put him to an open shame} (\kai paradeigmatizontas\). Present active participle of \paradeigmatiz\, late verb from \paradeigma\ (example), to make an example of, and in bad sense to expose to disgrace. Simplex verb \deigmatisai\ in this sense in strkjv@Matthew:1:19|.

rwp@Hebrews:7:16 @{Carnal} (\sarkins\). "Fleshen" as in strkjv@1Corinthians:3:1|, not \sarkiks\ (fleshlike, strkjv@1Corinthians:3:3|). The Levitical priests became so merely by birth. {Of an endless life} (\zs akatalutou\). Late compound (alpha privative and verbal adjective from \katalu\, to dissolve, as in strkjv@2Corinthians:4:1|), indissoluble. Jesus as priest lives on forever. He is Life.

rwp@Hebrews:9:11 @{Having come} (\paragenomenos\). Second aorist middle participle of \paraginomai\. This is the great historic event that is the crux of history. "Christ came on the scene, and all was changed" (Moffatt). {Of the good things to come} (\tn mellontn agathn\). But B D read \genomenn\ (that are come). It is a nice question which is the true text. Both aspects are true, for Christ is High Priest of good things that have already come as well as of the glorious future of hope. Westcott prefers \genomenn\, Moffatt \mellontn\. {Through the greater and more perfect tabernacle} (\dia ts meizonos kai teleioteras skns\). Probably the instrumental use of \dia\ (2Corinthians:2:4; strkjv@Romans:2:27; strkjv@14:20|) as accompaniment, not the local idea (4:14; strkjv@10:20|). Christ as High Priest employed in his work the heavenly tabernacle (8:2|) after which the earthly was patterned (9:24|). {Not made with hands} (\ou cheiropoitou\). Old compound verbal for which see strkjv@Mark:14:58; strkjv@Acts:7:48; strkjv@17:24|. Cf. strkjv@Hebrews:8:2|. Here in the predicate position. {Not of this creation} (\ou tauts ts ktises\). Explanation of \ou chieropoitou\. For \ktisis\ see strkjv@2Corinthians:5:17; strkjv@Romans:8:19|. For the idea see strkjv@2Corinthians:4:18; strkjv@Hebrews:8:2|. This greater and more perfect tabernacle is heaven itself (9:24|).

rwp@Hebrews:11:25 @{Choosing rather} (\mallon helomenos\). "Rather having chosen" (second aorist middle of \haire\, to take for oneself a position). {To be entreated with} (\sunkakoucheisthai\). Present passive infinitive of the double compound \sunkakouche\ (from \sun, kakos, ech\), to treat ill with (associative instrumental case), only known example save one in the papyri (second century A.D.), though \kakouche\ in strkjv@Hebrews:11:37; strkjv@13:3|. {To enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season} (\proskairon echein hamartias apolausin\). Literally, "to have temporary pleasure of sin." \Apolausis\ is old word from \apolau\, to enjoy, in N.T. only here and strkjv@1Timothy:6:17|. \Proskairos\ (from \pros, kairos\) is a common _Koin_ word as the antithesis to \ainios\ (eternal) as in strkjv@Matthew:13:21; strkjv@Mark:4:17; strkjv@2Corinthians:4:18| (only N.T. examples). To have been disloyal to God's people would have brought enjoyment to Moses in the Egyptian Court for a short while only.

rwp@Hebrews:11:27 @{Not fearing} (\m phobtheis\). Negative \m\ with first aorist passive participle of \phobe\ here used transitively with the accusative as in strkjv@Matthew:10:26|. Moses did flee from Egypt after slaying the Egyptian (Exodus:2:15|), but the author omits that slaughter and ignores it as the dominant motive in the flight of Moses. \Thumon\ (wrath) is common in the N.T. (Luke:4:28|), though here only in Hebrews. {He endured} (\ekartersen\). First aorist (constative) active indicative of \kartere\, old word from \karteros\, strong, here only in N.T. Moses had made his choice before slaying the Egyptian. He stuck to its resolutely. {As seeing him who is invisible} (\ton aoraton hs horn\). This is the secret of his choice and of his loyalty to God and to God's people. This is the secret of loyalty in any minister today who is the interpreter of God to man (2Corinthians:4:16-18|).

rwp@James:5:16 @{Confess therefore your sins one to another} (\exomologeisthe oun alllois tas hamartias\). Present middle (indirect) of \exomologe\. Confession of sin to God is already assumed. But public confession of certain sins to one another in the meetings is greatly helpful in many ways. This is not confessing to one man like a priest in place of the public confession. One may confess to the pastor without confessing to God or to the church, with little benefit to anybody. {Pray for one another} (\proseuchesthe huper allln\). Present middle imperative. Keep this up. {That ye may be healed} (\hops iathte\). Purpose clause with \hops\ and the first aorist passive subjunctive of \iaomai\. Probably of bodily healing (verse 14|), though \iaomai\ is used also of healing of the soul (Matthew:13:15; strkjv@1Peter:2:24; strkjv@Hebrews:12:13|) as Mayor takes it here. {Availeth much} (\polu ischuei\). "Has much force." Present active indicative of \ischu\ (from \ischus\, strength). {In its working} (\energoumen\). Probably the present middle participle of \energe\ as Paul apparently uses it in strkjv@Galatians:5:6; strkjv@2Corinthians:4:12; strkjv@2Thessalonians:2:7|, meaning "when it works." The passive is possible, as is the usual idiom elsewhere. Mayor argues strongly for the passive here, "when it is exercised" (Ropes).

rwp@Luke:18:1 @{To the end that} (\pros to dein\). {With a view to the being necessary}, \pros\ and the articular infinitive. The impersonal verb \dei\ here is in the infinitive and has another infinitive loosely connected with it \proseuchesthai\, to pray. {Not to faint} (\m enkakein\). Literally, not to give in to evil (\en, kake\, from \kakos\, bad or evil), to turn coward, lose heart, behave badly. A late verb used several times in the N.T. (2Corinthians:4:1,16,| etc.).

rwp@Philippians:3:10 @{That I may know him} (\tou gnnai auton\). Genitive of the articular second aorist (ingressive) active infinitive (purpose) of \ginsk\, to have personal acquaintance or experience with. This is Paul's major passion, to get more knowledge of Christ by experience. {The power of his resurrection} (\tn dunamin ts anastases autou\). Power (Lightfoot) in the sense of assurance to believers in immortality (1Corinthians:15:14f.; strkjv@Romans:8:11|), in the triumph over sin (Romans:4:24f.|), in the dignity of the body (1Corinthians:6:13ff.; strkjv@Phillipians:3:21|), in stimulating the moral and spiritual life (Galatians:2:20; strkjv@Romans:6:4f.; strkjv@Colossians:2:12; strkjv@Ephesians:2:5|). See Westcott's _The Gospel of the Resurrection_, ii, 31. {The fellowship of his sufferings} (\tn koinnian tn pathmatn autou\). Partnership in (objective genitive) his sufferings, an honour prized by Paul (Co strkjv@1:24|). {Becoming conformed to his death} (\summorphizomenos ti thanati autou\). Present passive participle of \summorphiz\, late verb from \summorphos\, found only here and ecclesiastical writers quoting it. The Latin Vulgate uses _configuro_. See strkjv@Romans:6:4| for \sumphutoi\ in like sense and strkjv@2Corinthians:4:10|. "The agony of Gethsemane, not less than the agony of Calvary, will be reproduced however faintly in the faithful servant of Christ" (Lightfoot). "In this passage we have the deepest secrets of the Apostle's Christian experience unveiled" (Kennedy).

rwp@Romans:7:22 @{For I delight in} (\sundomai gar\). Old verb, here alone in N.T., with associative instrumental case, "I rejoice with the law of God," my real self "after the inward man" (\kata ton es anthrpon\) of the conscience as opposed to "the outward man" (2Corinthians:4:16; strkjv@Ephesians:3:16|).