Dict: all - Tax

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smith:

TAXES - T>@ - I. Under the judges, according to the theocratic government contemplated by the law, the only payments incumbent upon the people as of permanent obligation were the Tithes, the Firstfruits, the Redemption-money of the first-born, and other offerings as belonging to special occasions. The payment by each Israelite of the half-shekel as "atonement-money," for the service of the tabernacle, on taking the census of the people, kjv@Exodus:30:13) does not appear to have had the character of a recurring tax, but to have been supplementary to the freewill offerings of kjv@Exodus:25:1-7) levied for the one purpose of the construction of the sacred tent. In later times, indeed, after the return from Babylon, there was an annual payment for maintaining the fabric and services of the temple; but the fact that this begins by of a shekel, kjv@Nehemiah:10:32) shows that till then there was no such payment recognized as necessary. A little later the third became a half, and under the name of the didrachma , kjv@Matthew:17:24) was paid by every Jew, in whatever part of the world he might be living. II. The kingdom, with centralized government and greater magnificence, involved of course, a larger expenditure, and therefore a heavier taxation, The chief burdens appear to have been

(1) A tithe of the produce both of the soil and of live stock. ( kjv@1Samuel:8:15-17)

(2) Forced military service for a month every year. ( kjv@1Samuel:8:12; kjv@Kings:9:22; kjv@1Chronicles:27:1)

(3) Gifts to the king. ( kjv@1Samuel:10:27 kjv@1Samuel:16:20 kjv@1Samuel:17:18 )

(4) Import duties. (Kings:10:15)

(5) The monopoly of certain-branches of commerce. (Kings:9:28; 22:48; 10:28-29)

(6) The appropriation to the king’s use of the early crop of hay. kjv@Amos:7:1) At times, too, in the history of both the kingdoms there were special burdens. A tribute of fifty shekels a head had to be paid by Menahem to the Assyrian king, ( kjv@2Kings:16:20) and under his successor Hoshea this assumed the form of an annual tribute. ( kjv@2Kings:17:4) III. Under the Persian empire the taxes paid by the Jews were, in their broad outlines, the same in kind as those of other subject races. The financial system which gained for Darius Hystaspes the name of the "shopkeeper king" involved the payment by each satrap of a fixed sum as the tribute due from his province. In Judea, as in other provinces, the inhabitants had to provide in kind for the maintenance of the governor’s household, besides a money payment of forty shekels a day. kjv@Nehemiah:5:14-15) In kjv@Ezra:4:13 kjv@Ezra:4:20 kjv@Ezra:7:24 We get a formal enumeration of the three great branches of the revenue. The influence of Ezra secured for the whole ecclesiastical order, from the priests down to the Nethinim, an immunity from all three kjv@Ezra:7:24) but the burden pressed heavily on the great body of the people. IV. Under the Egyptian and Syrian kings the taxes paid by the Jews became yet heavier. The "farming" system of finance was adopted in its worst form. The taxes were put up to auction. The contract sum for those of Phoenicia, Judea and Samaria had been estimated at about 8000 talents. An unscrupulous adventurer would bid double that sum, and would then go down to the province, and by violence and cruelty, like that of Turkish or Hindoo collectors, squeeze out a large margin of profit for himself. V. The pressure of Roman taxation, if not absolutely heavier, was probably more galling, as being more thorough and systematic, more distinctively a mark of bondage. The capture of Jerusalem by Pompey was followed immediately by the imposition of a tribute, and within a short time the sum thus taken from the resources of the country amounted to 10,000 talents. When Judea became formally a Roman province, the whole financial system of the empire came as a natural consequence. The taxes were systematically farmed, and the publicans appeared as a new curse to the country. The portoria were levied at harbors, piers and the gates of cities. kjv@Matthew:17:24; kjv@Romans:13:7) In addition to this there was the poll-tax paid by every Jew, and looked upon, for that reason, as the special badge of servitude. United with this, as part of the same system, there was also, in all probability, a property tax of some kind. In addition to these general taxes, the inhabitants of Jerusalem were subject to a special house duty about this period.

TAXING - T>@ - The English word now conveys to us more distinctly the notion of a tax or tribute actually levied; but it appears to have been used in the sixteenth century for the simple assessment of a subsidy upon the property of a given county, or the registration of the people for the purpose of a poll-tax. Two distinct registrations, or taxings, are mentioned in the New Testament, both of them by St. Luke. The first is said to have been the result of an edict of the emperor Augustus, that "all the world (i.e. the Roman empire) should be taxed," kjv@Luke:2:1) and is connected by the evangelist with the name of Cyrenius Quirinus. CYRENIUS The second and more important, kjv@Acts:6:37) is distinctly associated, in point of time, with the revolt of Judas of Galilee.

easton:

Taxes @ first mentioned in the command kjv@Exodus:30:11-16) that every Jew from twenty years and upward should pay an annual tax of "half a shekel for an offering to the Lord." This enactment was faithfully observed for many generations ( kjv@2Chronicals:24:6; kjv@Matthew:17:24). Afterwards, when the people had kings to reign over them, they began, as Samuel had warned them ( kjv@1Samuel:8:10-18), to pay taxes for civil purposes (kjvKings:4:7; kjv@9:15; 12:4). Such taxes, in increased amount, were afterwards paid to the foreign princes that ruled over them. In the New Testament the payment of taxes, imposed by lawful rulers, is enjoined as a duty kjv@Romans:13:1-7; kjv@1Peter:2:13-14). Mention is made of the tax (telos) on merchandise and travellers kjv@Matthew:17:25); the annual tax (phoros) on property kjv@Luke:20:22 kjv@Luke:23:2); the poll-tax (kensos, "tribute," kjv@Matthew:17:25 kjv@Matthew:22:17; kjv@Mark:12:14); and the temple-tax ("tribute money" = two drachmas = half shekel, kjv@Matthew:17:24-27; comp. kjv@Exodus:30:13). (
See TRIBUTE

Taxing @ kjv@Luke:2:2; R.V., "enrolment"), "when Cyrenius was governor of Syria," is simply a census of the people, or an enrolment of them with a view to their taxation. The decree for the enrolment was the occasion of Joseph and Mary's going up to Bethlehem. It has been argued by some that Cyrenius (q.v.) was governor of Cilicia and Syria both at the time of our Lord's birth and some years afterwards. This decree for the taxing referred to the whole Roman world, and not to Judea alone. (
See CENSUS

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TAX @
- Poll kjv@Exodus:30:11-16; kjv@Exodus:38:26; kjv@Nehemiah:10:32; kjv@Luke:2:1
- Jesus pays kjv@Matthew:17:24-27
- Land kjv@Genesis:41:34 kjv@Genesis:41:48 kjv@2Kings:23:35
- Land mortgaged for kjv@Nehemiah:5:3-4
- Priests exempted from kjv@Genesis:47:26; kjv@Ezra:7:24
- Paid in grain kjv@Amos:5:11; kjv@Amos:7:1
- Paid in provisions kjv@1Kings:4:7-28
- Personal kjv@1Kings:9:15; kjv@2Kings:15:19-20; kjv@2Kings:23:35
- Resisted by Israelites kjv@1Kings:12:18; kjv@2Chronicles:10:18
- World-wide, levied by Caesar
- The R. V. changes the reading to enrolled instead of taxed kjv@Luke:2:1-3
- Collectors of kjv@2Samuel:20:24; kjv@1Kings:4:6; kjv@Isaiah:33:18; kjv@Daniel:11:20; kjv@Mark:2:14; kjv@Luke:3:13; kjv@Luke:5:27
- Unpopular kjv@Matthew:5:46; kjv@Matthew:9:11; kjv@Matthew:11:19; kjv@Matthew:18:17; kjv@Matthew:21:31; kjv@Luke:18:11
- Stoned kjv@2Chronicles:10:18

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hitchcock:

kjv@STRING:Artaxerxes <HITCHCOCK>@ the silence of light; fervent to spoil - HITCHCOCK-A

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strongs:

H2567 <STRHEB>@ חמשׁ châmash khaw-mash' A denominative from H2568; to tax a fifth: - take up the fifth part.

H2569 <STRHEB>@ חמשׁ chômesh kho'-mesh From H2567; a fifth tax: - fifth part.

H2670 <STRHEB>@ חפשׁי chophshîy khof-shee' From H2666; exempt (from {bondage} tax or care): - {free} liberty.

H325 <STRHEB>@ אחשׁרשׁ אחשׁורושׁ 'ăchashvêrôsh 'achashrôsh {akh-ash-vay-rosh'} akh-ash-rosh' Of Persian origin; Achashverosh (that {is} Ahasuerus or {Artaxerxes} but in this case {Xerxes}) the title (rather than name) of a Persian king: - Ahasuerus.

H4522 <STRHEB>@ מס מס mas mis {mas} mees From H4549; properly a burden (as causing to {faint}) that {is} a tax in the form of forced labor: - {discomfited} {levy} task {[-master]} tribute (-tary).

H5065 <STRHEB>@ נגשׂ nâgaώ naw-gas' A primitive root; to drive (an {animal} a {workman} a {debtor} an army); by implication to {tax} {harass} tyrannize: - {distress} {driver} exact ({-or}) oppress ({-or}) X raiser of {taxes} taskmaster.

H5674 <STRHEB>@ עבר ‛âbar aw-bar' A primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literally or figuratively; {transitively} {intransitively} intensively or causatively); specifically to cover (in copulation): - {alienate} {alter} X at {all} {beyond} bring ({over} {through}) carry {over} (over-) come ({on} {over}) conduct ({over}) convey {over} {current} {deliver} do {away} {enter} {escape} {fail} {gender} get {over} (make) go ({away} {beyond} {by} {forth} his {way} {in} {on} {over} {through}) have away ({more}) {lay} {meddle} {overrun} make {partition} (cause {to} {give} make {to} over) pass ({-age} {along} {away} {beyond} {by} {-enger} {on} {out} {over} {through}) (cause {to} make) + proclaim ({-amation}) {perish} provoke to {anger} put {away} {rage} + raiser of {taxes} {remove} send {over} set {apart} + {shave} cause to (make) {sound} X {speedily} X sweet {smelling} take ({away}) (make to) transgress ({-or}) {translate} turn {away} [way-] faring {man} be wrath.

H6186 <STRHEB>@ ערך ‛ârak aw-rak' A primitive root; to set in a {row} that {is} {arrange} put in order (in a very wide variety of applications): - put (set) (the {battle} self) in {array} {compare} {direct} {equal} {esteem} {estimate} expert [in {war]} {furnish} {handle} join {[battle]} {ordain} ({lay} {put} reckon {up} set) (in) {order} {prepare} {tax} value.

H6187 <STRHEB>@ ערך ‛êrek eh'-rek From H6186; a {pile} {equipment} estimate: - {equal} {estimation} (things that are set in) {order} {price} {proportion} X set {at} {suit} {taxation} X valuest.

H783 <STRHEB>@ ארתּחשׁשׁתּא ארתּחשׁשׁתּא 'artachshashtâ' 'artachshasht' {ar-takh-shash-taw'} ar-takh-shasht' Of foreign origin; Artachshasta (or {Artaxerxes}) a title (rather than name) of several Persian kings: - Artaxerxes.

G2008 <STRGRK>@ ἐπιτιμάω epitimaō ep-ee-tee-mah'-o From G1909 and G5091; to tax upon that is censure or admonish; by implication forbid: - (straitly) charge rebuke.

G2661 <STRGRK>@ καταξιόω kataxioō kat-ax-ee-o'-o From G2596 and G515; to deem entirely deserving: - (ac-) count worthy.

G2778 <STRGRK>@ κῆνσος kēnsos kane'-sos Of Latin origin; properly an enrolment (census) that is (by implication) a tax: - tribute.

G3342 <STRGRK>@ μεταξύ metaxu met-ax-oo' From G3326 and a form of G4862; betwixt (of place or person); (of time) as adjective intervening or (by implication) adjoining: - between mean while next.

G5010 <STRGRK>@ τάξις taxis tax'-is From G5021; regular arrangement that is (in time) fixed succession (of rank or character) official dignity: - order.

G5057 <STRGRK>@ τελώνης telōnēs tel-o'-nace From G5056 and G5608; a tax farmer that is collector of public revenue: - publican.

G5058 <STRGRK>@ τελώνιον telōnion tel-o'-nee-on Neuter of a presumed derivative of G5057; a tax gatherer's place of business: - receipt of custom.

G5411 <STRGRK>@ φόρος phoros for'-os From G5342; a load (as borne) that is (figuratively) a tax (properly an individual assessment on persons or property; whereas G5056 is usually a general toll on goods or travel): - tribute.

G582 <STRGRK>@ ἀπογραφή apographē ap-og-raf-ay' From G583; an enrollment; by implication an assessment: - taxing.

G583 <STRGRK>@ ἀπογράφω apographō ap-og-raf'-o From G575 and G1125; to write off (a copy or list) that is enrol: - tax write.

G754 <STRGRK>@ ἀρχιτελώνης architelōnēs ar-khee-tel-o'-nace From G746 and G5057; a principal tax gatherer: - chief among the publicans.