Dict: all - publican

tcr.html:

PUBLICANS @ collectors of Roman revenue- kjv@Matthew:5:46; kjv@Matthew:9:10; kjv@Matthew:18:17; kjv@Matthew:21:31; kjv@Luke:3:12; kjv@Luke:5:29; kjv@Luke:7:34; kjv@Luke:18:10

smith:

PUBLICAN - P>@ - The class designated by this word in the New Testament were employed as collectors of the Roman revenue. The Roman senate farmed the vectigalia (direct taxes) and the portorin (customs) to capitalists who undertook to pay a given sum into the treasury (in publicum), and so received the name of publicani . Contracts of this kind fell naturally into the hands of the equites , as the richest class of Romans. They appointed managers, under whom were the portitores , the actual custom-house officers, who examined each bale of goods, exported or imported, assessed its value more or less arbitrarily, wrote out the ticket, and enforced payment. The latter were commonly natives of the province in which they were stationed as being brought daily into contact with all classes of the population. The name pubicani was used popularly, and in the New Testament exclusively, of the portitores . The system was essentially a vicious one. The portitores were encouraged in the most vexatious or fraudulent exactions and a remedy was all but impossible. They overcharged whenever they had an opportunity, kjv@Luke:3:13) they brought false charges of smuggling in the hope of extorting hush-money kjv@Luke:19:8) they detained and opened letters on mere suspicion. It was the basest of all livelihoods. All this was enough to bring the class into ill favor everywhere. In Judea and Galilee there were special circumstances of aggravation. The employment brought out all the besetting vices of the Jewish character. The strong feeling of many Jews as to the absolute unlawfulness of paying tribute at all made matters worse. The scribes who discussed the question, kjv@Matthew:22:15) for the most part answered it in the negative. In addition to their other faults, accordingly, the publicans of the New Testament were regarded as traitors and apostates, defiled by their frequent intercourse with the heathen, willing tools of the oppressor. The class thus practically excommunicated furnished some of the earliest disciples both of the Baptist and of our Lord. The position of Zacchaeus as a "chief among the publicans," kjv@Luke:19:2) implies a gradation of some kind among the persons thus employed.

easton:

Publican @ one who farmed the taxes (e.g., Zacchaeus, kjv@Luke:19:2) to be levied from a town or district, and thus undertook to pay to the supreme government a certain amount. In order to collect the taxes, the publicans employed subordinates (5:27; 15:1; 18:10), who, for their own ends, were often guilty of extortion and peculation. In New Testament times these taxes were paid to the Romans, and hence were regarded by the Jews as a very heavy burden, and hence also the collectors of taxes, who were frequently Jews, were hated, and were usually spoken of in very opprobrious terms. Jesus was accused of being a "friend of publicans and sinners" kjv@Luke:7:34).

tcr.html2:

torrey:

Publicans @ The collectors of the public taxes kjv@Luke:5:27
Suspected of extortion kjv@Luke:3:13
Often guilty of extortion kjv@Luke:19:8
Chiefs of, were very rich kjv@Luke:19:2
The Jews
Despised kjv@Luke:18:11
Classed with the most infamous characters kjv@Matthew:11:19 kjv@Matthew:21:32
Despised our Lord for associating with kjv@Matthew:9:11 kjv@Matthew:11:19
Often kind to their friends kjv@Matthew:5:46 kjv@Matthew:5:47
Often hospitable kjv@Luke:5:29 kjv@Luke:19:6
Many of
Believed the preaching of John kjv@Matthew:21:32
Received John's baptism kjv@Luke:3:12 kjv@Luke:7:29
Attended the preaching of Christ kjv@Mark:2:15 kjv@Luke:15:1
Embraced the gospel kjv@Matthew:21:31
Matthew the apostle was of kjv@Matthew:10:3

tcr.1:

naves:

PUBLICANS @ -(Tax collectors for the Romans)
- Disreputable kjv@Matthew:5:46-47; kjv@Matthew:9:11; kjv@Matthew:11:19; kjv@Matthew:18:17; kjv@Matthew:21:31; kjv@Luke:18:11
- Change their ways because of the preaching of John the Baptist kjv@Matthew:21:32; kjv@Luke:3:12; kjv@Luke:7:29
- Matthew, the tax collector of Capernaum, becomes an apostle kjv@Matthew:9:9; kjv@Matthew:10:3; kjv@Mark:2:14; kjv@Luke:5:27
- Parable concerning kjv@Luke:18:9-14
- Zacchaeus, chief among, receives Jesus into his house kjv@Luke:19:2-10

filter-bible-link.pl:

hitchcock:

tcr:

PUBLICANS @ collectors of Roman revenue- kjv@Matthew:5:46; kjv@Matthew:9:10; kjv@Matthew:18:17; kjv@Matthew:21:31; kjv@Luke:3:12; kjv@Luke:5:29; kjv@Luke:7:34; kjv@Luke:18:10

strongs:

G5057 <STRGRK>@ τελώνης telōnēs tel-o'-nace From G5056 and G5608; a tax farmer that is collector of public revenue: - publican.

G754 <STRGRK>@ ἀρχιτελώνης architelōnēs ar-khee-tel-o'-nace From G746 and G5057; a principal tax gatherer: - chief among the publicans.