Dict: all - JUDGE

tcr.html:

smith:

JUDGES - J>@ - The judges were temporary and special deliverers, sent by God to deliver the Israelites from their oppressors; not supreme magistrates, succeeding to the authority of Moses and Joshua. Their power only extended over portions of the country, and some of them were contemporaneous. Their first work was that of deliverers and leaders in war; they then administered justice to the people, and their authority supplied the want of a regular government. Even while the administration of Samuel gave something like a settled government to the south, there was scope for the irregular exploits of Samson on the borders of the Philistines; and Samuel at last established his authority as judge and prophet, but still as the servant of Jehovah, only to see it so abused by his sons as to exhaust the patience of the people, who at length demanded a king , after the pattern of the surrounding nations. The following is a list of judges, whose history is given under their respective names:
First servitude, to Mesopotamia
8 years. First judge: Othniel. 40 years. Second servitude, to Moab
18 years. Second judge: Ehud; 80 years. Third judge: Shamgar.
- Third servitude, to Jabin and Sisera
20 years. Fourth judge: Deborah and Barak. 40 years. Fourth servitude, to Midian
7 years. Fifth judge: Gideon; 40 years. Sixth judge: Abimelech; 3 years. Seventh judge: Tola; 23 years. Eighth judge: Jair. 22 years. Fifth servitude, to Ammon
18 years. Ninth judge: Jephthah; 6 years. Tenth judge: Ibzan; 7 years. Eleventh judge: Elon; 10 years. Twelfth judge: Abdon. 8 years. Sixth servitude, to the Philistines
40 years. Thirteenth judge: Samson 20 years. Fourteenth judge: Eli; 40 years. Fifteenth judge: Samuel. More than likely some of these ruled simultaneously. On the chronology of the judges, see the following article.

JUDGES, BOOK OF - J>@ - of which the book or Ruth formed originally a part, contains a history from Joshua to Samson. The book may be divided into two parts:
Chs. 1-16. We may observe in general on this portion of the book that it is almost entirely a history of the wars of deliverance. Chs. 17-21. This part has no formal connection with the preceding, and is often called an appendix. The period to which the narrative relates is simply marked by the expression, "when there was no king in Israel." ch. kjv@Judges:19:1 kjv@Judges:18:1) It records
(a) The conquest of Laish by a portion of the tribe of Dan, and the establishment there of the idolatrous worship of Jehovah already instituted by Micah in Mount Ephraim. (b) The almost total extinction of the tribe of Benjamin. Chs. 17-21 are inserted both as an illustration of the sin of Israel during the time of the judges and as presenting a contrast with the better order prevailing in the time of the kings. The time commonly assigned to the period contained in this book Isaiah:299 years. The dates given in the last article amount to 410 years, without the 40 years of Eli; but in (Kings:6:1) the whole period from the exodus to the building of the temple is stated as 480 years. But probably some of the judges were contemporary, so that their total period Isaiah:299 years instead of 410. Mr. Smith in his Old Testament history gives the following approximate dates: Periods...Years
Ending about B.C.: From the exodus to the passage of Jordan...40
1451. To the death of Joshua and the surviving elders...40
1411. Judgeship of Othniel...40
1371. 4-5. Judgeship of Ehud (Shamgar included)...80
1291. Judgeship of Deborah and Barak...40
1251. Judgeship of Gideon...40
1211. 8-9. Abimelech to Abdon, total...80
1131. Oppression of the Philistines, contemporary with the judgeships of Eli, Samson (and Samuel?)...40
1091. Reign of Saul (including perhaps Samuel)...40
1051. Reign of David...40
1011. Total...480. On the whole, it seems safer to give up the attempt to ascertain the chronology exactly.

easton:

Judge @ (Heb. shophet, pl. shophetim), properly a magistrate or ruler, rather than one who judges in the sense of trying a cause. This is the name given to those rulers who presided over the affairs of the Israelites during the interval between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul kjv@Judges:2:18), a period of general anarchy and confusion. "The office of judges or regents was held during life, but it was not hereditary, neither could they appoint their successors. Their authority was limited by the law alone, and in doubtful cases they were directed to consult the divine King through the priest by Urim and Thummim kjv@Numbers:27:21). Their authority extended only over those tribes by whom they had been elected or acknowledged. There was no income attached to their office, and they bore no external marks of dignity. The only cases of direct divine appointment are those of Gideon and Samson, and the latter stood in the peculiar position of having been from before his birth ordained 'to begin to deliver Israel.' Deborah was called to deliver Israel, but was already a judge. Samuel was called by the Lord to be a prophet but not a judge, which ensued from the high gifts the people recognized as dwelling in him; and as to Eli, the office of judge seems to have devolved naturally or rather ex officio upon him." Of five of the judges, Tola kjv@Judges:10:1), Jair

(3), Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon (12:8-15), we have no record at all beyond the bare fact that they were judges. Sacred history is not the history of individuals but of the kingdom of God in its onward progress. In kjv@Exodus:2:14 Moses is so styled. This fact may indicate that while for revenue purposes the "taskmasters" were over the people, they were yet, just as at a later time when under the Romans, governed by their own rulers.

Judges, Book of @ is so called because it contains the history of the deliverance and government of Israel by the men who bore the title of the "judges." The book of Ruth originally formed part of this book, but about A.D. 450 it was separated from it and placed in the Hebrew scriptures immediately after the Song of Solomon. The book contains,

(1.) An introduction (1-3:6), connecting it with the previous narrative in Joshua, as a "link in the chain of books."

(2.) The history of the thirteen judges (3:7-16:31) in the following order: FIRST PERIOD (3:7-ch. 5) Years I. Servitude under Chushan-rishathaim of Mesopotamia 8 1. OTHNIEL delivers Israel, rest 40 II. Servitude under Eglon of Moab: Ammon, Amalek 18 2. EHUD'S deliverance, rest 80 3. SHAMGAR Unknown. III. Servitude under Jabin of Hazor in Canaan 20 4. DEBORAH and, 5. BARAK 40

(206) SECOND PERIOD (6-10:5) IV. Servitude under Midian, Amalek, and children of the east 7 6. GIDEON 40 ABIMELECH, Gideon's son, reigns as king over Israel 3 7. TOLA 23 8. JAIR 22

(95) THIRD PERIOD (10:6-ch. 12) V. Servitude under Ammonites with the Philistines 18 9. JEPHTHAH 6 10. IBZAN 7 11. ELON 10 12. ABDON 8

(49) FOURTH PERIOD (13-16) VI. Seritude under Philistines 40 13. SAMSON 20

(60) In all 410 Samson's exploits probably synchronize with the period immediately preceding the national repentance and reformation under Samuel ( kjv@1Samuel:7:2-6). After Samson came Eli, who was both high priest and judge. He directed the civil and religious affairs of the people for forty years, at the close of which the Philistines again invaded the land and oppressed it for twenty years. Samuel was raised up to deliver the people from this oppression, and he judged Israel for some twelve years, when the direction of affairs fell into the hands of Saul, who was anointed king. If Eli and Samuel are included, there were then fifteen judges. But the chronology of this whole period is uncertain.

(3.) The historic section of the book is followed by an appendix (17-21), which has no formal connection with that which goes before. It records (a) the conquest (17, 18) of Laish by a portion of the tribe of Dan; and (b) the almost total extinction of the tribe of Benjamin by the other tribes, in consequence of their assisting the men of Gibeah (19-21). This section properly belongs to the period only a few years after the death of Joshua. It shows the religious and moral degeneracy of the people. The author of this book was most probably Samuel. The internal evidence both of the first sixteen chapters and of the appendix warrants this conclusion. It was probably composed during Saul's reign, or at the very beginning of David's. The words in 18:30-31, imply that it was written after the taking of the ark by the Philistines, and after it was set up at Nob ( 1Samuel:21). In David's reign the ark was at Gibeon ( kjv@1Chronicles:16:39)

tcr.html2:

torrey:

Judges, Extraordinary @ Raised up to deliver Israel kjv@Judges:2:16
Upheld and strengthened by God kjv@Judges:2:18
Remarkable for their faith kjv@Hebrews:11:32
Names of
Othniel kjv@Judges:3:9 kjv@Judges:3:10
Ehud kjv@Judges:3:15
Shamgar kjv@Judges:3:31
Deborah kjv@Judges:4:4
Gideon kjv@Judges:6:11
Abimelech kjv@Judges:9:6
Tola kjv@Judges:10:1
Jair kjv@Judges:10:3
Jephthah kjv@Judges:11:1
Ibzan kjv@Judges:12:8
Elon kjv@Judges:12:11
Abdon kjv@Judges:12:13
Samson kjv@Judges:13:24 kjv@Judges:13:25 kjv@Judges:16:31
Eli kjv@1Samuel:4:18
Samuel kjv@1Samuel:7:6 kjv@1Samuel:7:15-17
During four hundred and fifty years kjv@Acts:13:20
Not without intermission kjv@Judges:17:6 kjv@Judges:18:1 kjv@Judges:19:1 kjv@Judges:21:25
The office of, not always for life, or hereditary kjv@Judges:8:23 kjv@Judges:8:29
Israel not permanently or spiritually benefitted by kjv@Judges:2:17-19

tcr.1:

naves:

JUDGE @
- Appointed by the Persians kjv@Ezra:7:25
- Kings and other rulers as kjv@2Samuel:8:15; kjv@2Samuel:15:2; kjv@1Kings:3:16-28; kjv@1Kings:10:9; kjv@2Kings:8:1-6; kjv@Psalms:72:1-4; kjv@Matthew:27:11-26; kjv@Acts:23:34-35; 24; kjv@Acts:25:11-12
- Priests and Levites as kjv@Deuteronomy:17:9; kjv@2Chronicles:19:8; kjv@Ezekiel:44:23-24; kjv@Matthew:26:57-62
- Women as, Deborah kjv@Judges:4:4
- Held circuit courts kjv@1Samuel:7:16
-
See COURTS
-
See JUSTICE
-
See WITNESS

- CHARACTER OF, AND PRECEPTS RELATING TO kjv@Exodus:18:21-22; kjv@Exodus:22:9 kjv@Exodus:22:28 kjv@Leviticus:19:15; kjv@Deuteronomy:1:12-17; kjv@Deuteronomy:16:18-20; kjv@Deuteronomy:17:8-11; kjv@Deuteronomy:19:16-19; kjv@Deuteronomy:25:1-3; kjv@1Samuel:2:25; kjv@1Samuel:8:3; kjv@1Kings:3:9; kjv@2Chronicles:19:5-10; kjv@2Chronicles:72:1-2 kjv@2Chronicles:72:Psalms:58:1-2; 4, 12-14; kjv@Psalms:82:2-4; kjv@Proverbs:24:23; kjv@Isaiah:5:22-23; kjv@Isaiah:28:5-6; kjv@Ezekiel:44:24; kjv@Daniel:9:12; kjv@Micah:7:3; kjv@Zephaniah:3:3; kjv@John:7:24 .
See JUSTICE .
See COURTS

- CORRUPT, INSTANCES OF .Eli's sons kjv@1Samuel:2:12-17 kjv@1Samuel:2:22-25 .Samuel's sons kjv@1Samuel:8:1-5 .The judges of Jezreel kjv@1Kings:21:8-13 .Pilate kjv@Matthew:27:24; kjv@Mark:15:15 with kjv@Mark:15:19-24 .Felix kjv@Acts:24:26-27

- GOD AS .
See GOD,_JUDGE

- JUDGES (OUTSTANDING LEADERS) OF ISRAEL .During the time when the land was ruled by judges kjv@Judges:2:16-19; kjv@Acts:13:20

-1. Othniel kjv@Judges:3:9-11

-2. Ehud kjv@Judges:3:15-30

-3. Shamgar kjv@Judges:3:31

-4. Deborah kjv@Judges:4; 5

-5. Gideon kjv@Judges:6:11-40; 7; 8

-6. Abimelech kjv@Judges:9:1-54

-7. Tola kjv@Judges:10:1-2

-8. Jair kjv@Judges:10:3-5

-9. Jephthah kjv@Judges:11; Judges:12:1-7

-10. Ibzan kjv@Judges:12:8-10

-11. Elon kjv@Judges:12:11-12

-12. Abdon kjv@Judges:12:13-14

-13. Samson kjv@Judges:13; 14; 15; 16 .Eli led Israel kjv@1Samuel:4:18 .Samuel as the leader (judge) kjv@1Samuel:7:6 kjv@1Samuel:7:15-17 .The sons of Samuel kjv@1Samuel:8:1-5

filter-bible-link.pl:

hitchcock:

kjv@STRING:Dan <HITCHCOCK>@ judgment; he that judges - HITCHCOCK-D

kjv@STRING:Daniel <HITCHCOCK>@ judgment of God; God my judge - HITCHCOCK-D

kjv@STRING:Dedan <HITCHCOCK>@ their breasts; friendship; a judge - HITCHCOCK-D

kjv@STRING:Dinah <HITCHCOCK>@ judgment; who judges - HITCHCOCK-D

kjv@STRING:Elishaphat <HITCHCOCK>@ my God judgeth - HITCHCOCK-E

kjv@STRING:Jehoshaphat <HITCHCOCK>@ the Lord is judge - HITCHCOCK-J

kjv@STRING:Pelethites <HITCHCOCK>@ judges; destroyers - HITCHCOCK-P

kjv@STRING:Shaphat <HITCHCOCK>@ judge - HITCHCOCK-S

kjv@STRING:Shephatiah <HITCHCOCK>@ the Lord that judges - HITCHCOCK-S

tcr:

strongs:

H27 <STRHEB>@ אבידן 'ăbîydân ab-ee-dawn' From H1 and H1777; father of judgment (that is judge); {Abidan} an Israelite: - Abidan.

H1777 <STRHEB>@ דּוּן דּין dîyn dûn {deen} doon A primitive root (compare H113); to rule; by implication to judge (as umpire); also to strive (as at law): - {contend} execute ({judgment}) {judge} minister {judgment} plead (the {cause}) at {strife} strive.

H1778 <STRHEB>@ דּין dîyn deen (Chaldee); corresponding to H1777; to judge: - judge.

H1781 <STRHEB>@ דּיּן dayân dah-yawn' From H1777; a judge or advocate: - judge.

H1782 <STRHEB>@ דּיּן dayân dah-yawn' (Chaldee); corresponding to H1781: - judge.

H1835 <STRHEB>@ דּן dân dawn From H1777; judge; {Dan} one of the sons of Jacob; also the tribe descended from {him} and its territory; likewise a place in Palestine colonized by them: - Dan.

H1840 <STRHEB>@ דּנאל דניּאל dânîyê'l dâni'êl {daw-nee-yale'} daw-nee-ale' From H1835 and H410; judge of God; Daniel or {Danijel} the name of two Israelites: - Daniel.

H1842 <STRHEB>@ דּן יען dân ya‛an dawn yah'-an From H1835 and (apparently) H3282; judge of purpose; Dan {Jaan} a place in Palestine: - Dan-jaan.

H1884 <STRHEB>@ דּתבר dethâbâr deth-aw-bawr' (Chaldee); of Persian origin6; meaning one skilled in law; a judge: - counsellor.

H1934 <STRHEB>@ הוה הוא hâvâ' hâvâh {hav-aw'} hav-aw' (Chaldee); corresponding to H1933; to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially in connection with other words): - {be} {become} + {behold} + came (to {pass}) + {cease} + {cleave} + {consider} + {do} + {give} + have + {judge} + {keep} + {labour} + mingle ({self}) + {put} + {see} + {seek} + {set} + {slay} + take {heed} {tremble} + {walk} + would.

H148 <STRHEB>@ אדרגּזר 'ădargâzêr ad-ar''-gaw-zare' (Chaldee); from the same as {H147} and H1505; a chief {diviner} or astrologer: - judge.

H2806 <STRHEB>@ חשׁבּדּנה chashbaddânâh khash-bad-daw'-naw From H2803 and H1777; considerate judge; {Chasbaddanah} an Israelite: - Hasbadana.

H3092 <STRHEB>@ יהושׁפט yehôshâphâţ yeh-ho-shaw-fawt' From H3068 and H8199; Jehovah-judged; {Jehoshaphat} the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem : - Jehoshaphat. Compare H3146.

H3198 <STRHEB>@ יכח yâkach yaw-kakh' A primitive root; to be right (that {is} correct); reciprocally to argue; causatively to {decide} justify or convict: - {appoint} {argue} {chasten} {convince} correct ({-ion}) {daysman} {dispute} {judge} {maintain} {plead} reason ({together}) {rebuke} reprove ({-r}) {surely} in any wise.

H3427 <STRHEB>@ ישׁב yâshab yaw-shab' A primitive root; properly to sit down (specifically as {judge} in {ambush} in quiet); by implication to {dwell} to remain; causatively to {settle} to marry: - (make to) abide ({-ing}) {continue} (cause {to} make to) dwell ({-ing}) ease {self} {endure} {establish} X {fail} {habitation} {haunt} (make to) inhabit ({-ant}) make to keep {[house]} {lurking} X marry ({-ing}) (bring again to) {place} {remain} {return} {seat} set ({-tle}) (down-) sit ({-down} {still} -ting {down} -ting [place] {-uate}) {take} tarry.

H4082 <STRHEB>@ מדינה medîynâh med-ee-naw' From H1777; properly a {judgeship} that {is} jurisdiction; by implication a district (as ruled by a judge); generally a region: - ( X every) province.

H4941 <STRHEB>@ משׁפּט mishpâţ mish-pawt' From H8199; properly a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced {judicially} especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (particularly) divine {law} individual or {collectively}) including the {act} the {place} the {suit} the {crime} and the penalty; abstractly {justice} including a particular {right} or privilege (statutory or {customary}) or even a style: - + {adversary} {ceremony} {charge} X {crime} {custom} {desert} {determination} {discretion} {disposing} {due} {fashion} {form} to be {judged} {judgment} just ({-ice} {-ly}) (manner of) law ({-ful}) {manner} {measure} (due) {order} {ordinance} {right} {sentence} {usest} X {worthy} + wrong.

H430 <STRHEB>@ אלהים 'ĕlôhîym el-o-heem' Plural of H433; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural {thus} especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative: - {angels} X {exceeding} God (gods) ({-dess} {-ly}) X (very) {great} {judges} X mighty.

H5307 <STRHEB>@ נפל nâphal naw-fal' A primitive root; to {fall} in a great variety of applications (intransitively or {causatively} literally or figuratively): - be {accepted} cast ({down} {self} {[lots]} {out}) {cease} {die} divide (by {lot}) (let) {fail} (cause {to} {let} {make} ready to) fall ({away} {down} {-en} {-ing}) fell ({-ing}) {fugitive} have {[inheritamce]} {inferior} be judged [by mistake for {H6419]} lay ({along}) (cause to) lie {down} light ({down}) be (X hast) {lost} {lying} {overthrow} {overwhelm} {perish} present ({-ed} {-ing}) (make to) {rot} {slay} smite {out} X {surely} throw down.

H6278 <STRHEB>@ עת קצין ‛êth qâtsîyn ayth kaw-tseen' From H6256 and H7011; time of a judge; {Eth-Katsin} a place in Palestine. (Formed by including the directive enclitic.): - Ittah-kazin [by includ. directive enclitic].

H6414 <STRHEB>@ פּליל pâlîyl paw-leel' From H6419; a magistrate: - judge.

H6416 <STRHEB>@ פּלילי pelîylîy pel-ee-lee' From H6414; judicial: - judge.

H6419 <STRHEB>@ פּלל pâlal paw-lal' A primitive root; to judge (officially or mentally); by extension to {intercede} pray: - {intreat} judge ({-ment}) (make) pray ({-er} {-ing}) make supplication.

H6420 <STRHEB>@ פּלל pâlâl paw-lawl' From H6419; judge; {Palal} an Israelite: - Palal.

H6421 <STRHEB>@ פּלליה pelalyâh pel-al-yaw' From H6419 and H3050; Jah has judged; {Pelaljah} an Israelite: - Pelaliah.

H654 <STRHEB>@ אפלל 'ephlâl ef-lawl' From H6419; judge; {Ephlal} an Israelite: - Ephlal.

H8044 <STRHEB>@ שׁמגּר shamgar sham-gar' Of uncertain derivation; {Shamgar} an Israelite judge: - Shamgar.

H8199 <STRHEB>@ שׁפט shâphaţ shaw-fat' A primitive root; to {judge} that {is} pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication to vindicate or punish; by extension to govern; passively to litigate (literally or figuratively): - + {avenge} X that {condemn} {contend} {defend} execute ({judgment}) (be a) judge ({-ment}) X {needs} {plead} {reason} rule.

H8200 <STRHEB>@ שׁפט shephaţ shef-at' (Chaldee); corresponding to H8199; to judge: - magistrate.

H8202 <STRHEB>@ שׁפט shâphâţ shaw-fawt' From H8199; judge; {Shaphat} the name of four Israelites: - Shaphat.

H8203 <STRHEB>@ שׁפטיהוּ שׁפטיה shephaţyâh shephaţyâhû {shef-at-yaw'} shef-at-yaw'-hoo From H8199 and H3050; Jah has judged; {Shephatjah} the name of ten Israelites: - Shephatiah.

H8204 <STRHEB>@ שׁפטן shiphţân shif-tawn' From H8199; judge like; {Shiphtan} an Israelite.

G1252 <STRGRK>@ διακρίνω diakrinō dee-ak-ree'-no From G1223 and G2919; to separate thoroughly that is (literally and reflexively) to withdraw from or (by implication) oppose; figuratively to discriminate (by implication decide) or (reflexively) hesitate: - contend make (to) differ (-ence) discern doubt judge be partial stagger waver.

G1348 <STRGRK>@ δικαστής dikastēs dik-as-tace' From a derivative of G1349; a judger: - judge.

G1469 <STRGRK>@ ἐγκρίνω egkrinō eng-kree'-no From G1722 and G2919; to judge in that is count among: - make of the number.

G1506 <STRGRK>@ εἰλικρινής eilikrinēs i-lik-ree-nace' From εἵλη heilē (the sun´ s ray) and G2919; judged by sunlight that is tested as genuine (figuratively): - pure sincere.

G1948 <STRGRK>@ ἐπικρίνω epikrinō ep-ee-kree'-no From G1909 and G2919; to adjudge: - give sentence.

G2233 <STRGRK>@ ἡγέομαι hēgeomai hayg-eh'-om-ahee Middle voice of a (presumed) strengthened form of G71; to lead that is command (with official authority); figuratively to deem that is consider: - account (be) chief count esteem governor judge have the rule over suppose think.

G2613 <STRGRK>@ καταδικάζω katadikazō kat-ad-ik-ad'-zo From G2596 and a derivative of G1349; to adjudge against that is pronounce guilty: - condemn.

G2632 <STRGRK>@ κατακρίνω katakrinō kat-ak-ree'-no From G2596 and G2919; to judge against that is sentence: - condemn damn.

G2919 <STRGRK>@ κρίνω krinō kree'-no Properly to distinguish that is decide (mentally or judicially); by implication to try condemn punish: - avenge conclude condemn damn decree determine esteem judge go to (sue at the) law ordain call in question sentence to think.

G2922 <STRGRK>@ κριτήριον kritērion kree-tay'-ree-on Neuter of a presumed derivative of G2923; a rule of judging (criterion) that is (by implication) a tribunal: - to judge judgment (seat).

G2923 <STRGRK>@ κριτής kritēs kree-tace' From G2919; a judge (generally or specifically): - judge.

G350 <STRGRK>@ ἀνακρίνω anakrinō an-ak-ree'-no From G303 and G2919; properly to scrutinize that is (by implication) investigate interrogate determine: - ask question discern examine judge search.

G4793 <STRGRK>@ συγκρίνω sugkrinō soong-kree'-no From G4862 and G2919; to judge of one thing in connection with another that is combine (spiritual ideas with appropriate expressions) or collate (one person with another by way of contrast or resemblance): - compare among (with).