Dict: smith - AR

smith:

AR - A>@ - (a city), or Ar of Moab, one of the chief places of Moab. kjv@Numbers:21:28; kjv@Isaiah:15:1) In later times the place known as Areopolis and Rabbath
- Moab. The site still called Rabba . It lies about halfway between Kerak and the Wady Mojeb , 10 or 11 miles from each, the Roman road passing through it.

ARA - A>@ - (lion), one of the sons of Jether, the head of a family of Asherites. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:88)

ARAB - A>@ - (ambush) a city of Judah in the mountainous district, probably in the neighborhood of Hebron; mentioned only in kjv@Joshua:15:62)

ARABAH - A>@ - (burnt up). Although this word appears in the Authorized Version in its original shape only in kjv@Joshua:18:18) yet in the Hebrew text it is of frequent occurrence. It indicates more particularly the deep-sunken valley or trench which forms the most striking among the many striking natural features of Palestine, and which extends with great uniformity of formation from the slopes of Hermon to the Elanitic Gulf (Gulf of Akabah) of the Red Sea; the most remarkable depression known to exist on the surface of the globe. Through the northern portion of this extraordinary fissure the Jordan rushes through the lakes of Huleh and Gennesaret down its tortuous course to the deep chasm of the Dead Sea. This portion, about 150 miles in length, is known amongst the Arabs by the name of el
- Ghor . The southern boundary of the (Ghor is the wall of cliffs which crosses the valley about 10 miles south of the Dead Sea. From their summits, southward to the Gulf of Akabah, the valley changes its name, or, it would be more accurate to say, retains old name of Wady el
- Arabah .

ARABIA - A>@ - (desert, barren), a country known in the Old Testament under two designations:
The East Country , kjv@Genesis:25:6) or perhaps the East, ( kjv@Genesis:10:30; kjv@Numbers:23:7; kjv@Isaiah:2:6) and Land of the Sons of the East , kjv@Genesis:29:1) Gentile name, Sons of the East , kjv@Judges:6:3 kjv@Judges:7:12; kjv@Kings:4:30; kjv@Job:1:3; kjv@Isaiah:11:14; kjv@Jeremiah:49:28; kjv@Ezekiel:25:4) From these passages it appears that Land of the East and Sons of the East indicate, primarily, the country east of Palestine, and the tribes descended from Ishmael and from Keturah; and that this original signification may have become gradually extended to Arabia and its inhabitants generally, though without any strict limitation. ’Arab and ’Arab , whence Arabia. ( kjv@2Chronicles:9:14; kjv@Isaiah:21:13; kjv@Jeremiah:26:24; kjv@Ezekiel:27:21) (Arabia is a triangular peninsula, included between the Mediterranean and Red seas, the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf. Its extreme length, north and south, is about 1300 miles, and its greatest breadth 1500 miles.
- Encyc. Brit.) Divisions .
Arabia may be divided into Arabia Proper , containing the whole peninsula as far as the limits of the northern deserts; Northern Arabia (Arabia Deserta), constituting the great desert of Arabia; and Western Arabia , the desert of Petra and the peninsula of Sinai, or the country that has been called Arabia Petraea , I. Arabia Proper , or the Arabian penninsula consists of high tableland, declining towards the north. Most of it is well peopled, watered by wells and streams, and enjoys periodical rains. The moist fertile tracts are those on the southwest and south. II. Northern Arabia , or the Arabian Desert, is a high, undulating, parched plain, of which the Euphrates forms the natural boundary from the Persian Gulf to the frontier of Syria, whence it is bounded by the latter country and the desert of Petra on the northwest and west, the peninsula of Arabia forming its southern limit. It has few oases, the water of the wells is generally either brackish or unpotable and it is visited by the sand-wind called Samoom . The inhabitants principally descended from Ishmael and from Keturah, have always led a wandering and pastoral life. They conducted a considerable trade of merchandise of Arabia and India from the shore of the Persian Gulf. kjv@Ezekiel:27:20-24) III. Western Arabia includes the peninsula of Sinai SINAI, OR SINAI and the desert of Petra; corresponding generally with the limits of Arabia Petraea. The latter name is probably derived from that of its chief city, not from its stony character. It was mostly peopled by descendants of Esau, and was generally known as the land of Edom or Idumea EDOM, IDUMAEA OR IDUMEA, as well as by its older appellation, the desert of Seir or Mount Seir. SEIR Inhabitants .
(Arabia, which once ruled from India to the Atlantic, now has eight or nine millions of inhabitants, about one-fifth of whom are Bedouin or wandering tribes, and the other four-fifths settled Arabs.
Encyc. Brit.) The descendants of JOKTAN occupied the principal portions of the south and southwest of the peninsula, with colonies in the interior. The principal Joktanite kingdom, and the chief state of ancient Arabia, was that of the Yemen. The ISHMAELITES appear to have entered the peninsula from the northwest. That they have spread over the whole of it (with the exception of one or two districts on the south coast), and that the modern nation is predominantly Ishmaelite, is asserted by the Arabs. Of the descendants of KETURAH the Arabs say little. They appear to have settled chiefly north of the peninsula in Desert Arabia, from Palestine to the Persian Gulf. In northern and western Arabia are other peoples, which, from their geographical position and mode of life are sometimes classed with the Arabs, of these are AMALEK, the descendants of ESAU, etc. (Productions
The productions are varied. The most noted animal is the horse. Camels, sheep, cattle, asses, mules and cats are common. Agricultural products are coffee, wheat, barley, millet, beans, pulse, dates and the common garden plants. In pasture lands Arabia is peculiarly fortunate. In mineral products it is singularly poor, lead being most abundant.
Encyc. Brit.) Religion .
The most ancient idolatry of the Arabs we must conclude to have been fetishism. Magianism, an importation from Chaldaea and Persia, must be reckoned among the religions of the pagan Arabs; but it never had very numerous followers. Christianity was introduced into southern Arabia toward the close of the second century, and about a century later it had made great progress. It flourished chiefly in the Yemen, where many churches were built. Judaism was propagated in Arabia, principally by Karaites, at the captivity. They are now nominally Mohammedans. Language .
Arabic the language of Arabia, is the most developed and the richest of Shemitic languages, and the only one of which we have an extensive literature; it is, therefore, of great importance to the study of Hebrew. Government .
Arabia is now under the government of the Ottoman empire.

ARABIANS - A>@ - the nomadic tribes inhabiting the country to the east and south of Palestine, who in the early times of Hebrew history were known as Ishmaelites and descendants of Keturah.

ARAD - A>@ - (a wild ass), a Benjamite, son of Beriah, who drove out the inhabitants of Gath. ( kjv@1Chronicles:8:15) (B.C. 536.)

ARAD - A>@ - a royal city of the Canaanites, named with Hormah and Libnah. kjv@Joshua:12:14) The wilderness of Judah was to the south of Arad." kjv@Judges:1:16) It may be identified with a hill, Tel ’Arad , an hour and a half northeast by east from Milh (Moladah), and eight hours from Hebron.

ARAH - A>@ - (wayfaring). An Asherite, of the sons of Ulla. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:39) The sons of Arah returned with Zerubbabel in number 775 according to kjv@Ezra:2:5) but 652 according to kjv@Nehemiah:7:10) (B.C. 536.) One of his descendants, Shechaniah, was the father-in-law of Tobiah the Ammonite. kjv@Nehemiah:6:18)

ARAM - A>@ - (high). The name by which the Hebrews designated, generally, the country lying to the northeast of Palestine; the great mass of that high tableland which, rising with sudden abruptness from the Jordan and the very margin of the Lake of Gennesaret, stretched at an elevation of no less than 2000 feet above the level of the sea, to the banks of the Euphrates itself. Throughout the Authorized Version the word is, with only a very few exceptions, rendered, as in the Vulgate and LXX., SYRIA. Its earliest occurrence in the book of Genesis is in the form of Aram-naharaim , i.e. the "highland of or between the two rivers." kjv@Genesis:24:10) Authorized Version "Mesopotamia." In the later history we meet with a number of small nations or kingdoms forming parts of the general land of Aram; but as Damascus increased in importance it gradually absorbed the smaller powers, (Kings:20:1) and the name of Aram was at last applied to it alone. kjv@Isaiah:7:8) also 1Kin 11:24-25; 15:18 etc. Another Aram is named in kjv@Genesis:22:21) as a son of Kemuel and descendant of Nahor. An Asherite, one of the sons of Shamer. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:34) Son of Esrom or Hezron, and the Greek form of the Hebrew RAM. kjv@Matthew:1:3-4; kjv@Luke:3:33)

ARAMNAHATAIM - A>@ - (highlands of two rivers). kjv@Psalms:60:1), title. ARAM

ARAMZOBAH - A>@ - Psal 60:1, title. ARAM, 1

ARAMITESS - A>@ - a female inhabitant of Aram. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:14)

ARAN - A>@ - (wild goat), a Horite, son of Dishan and brother of Uz. kjv@Genesis:36:28; 1Chr 1:42

ARAUNAH - A>@ - (ark), a Jebusite who sold his threshing floor on Mount Moriah to David as a site for an altar to Jehovah, together with his oxen. (2 Samuel 24:18-24; kjv@1Chronicles:21:25)

ARBA - A>@ - (city of the four), the progenitor of the Anakim, or sons of Anak, from whom their chief city, HEBRON, received its name of Kirjath
- Arba. kjv@Joshua:14:15 kjv@Joshua:15:13 kjv@Joshua:21:11 )

ARBAH - A>@ - Hebron, or Kirjath
- Arba, as "the city of Arbah" is always rendered elsewhere. kjv@Genesis:35:27)

ARBATHITE - A>@ - a native of the Arabah or Ghor . ARABAH Abi-albon the Arbathite was one of David’s mighty men. (2 Samuel 23:31; kjv@1Chronicles:11:32)

ARBITE - A>@ - a native of Arab. Paarai the Arbite was one of David’s guard. (2 Samuel 23:35)

ARCH OF TITUS - A>@ - A triumphal arch erected at Rome, and still remaining there, to commemorate the conquest of Judea and the destruction of Jerusalem by the emperor Titus. It was erected after his death, A.D. 91, by the senate and people of Rome. It was a magnificent structure, decorated with bas-reliefs and inscriptions, and is of especial interest because its historic bas-reliefs represent the captors carrying in triumph to Rome the golden candlestick and sacred utensils from the Jewish temple at Jerusalem. From these we obtain our best idea of their shape.
ED.

ARCHELAUS - A>@ - (prince of the people), son of Herod the Great by a Samaritan woman, Malthake, and, with his brother Antipas brought up at Rome. At the death of Herod (B.C. 4) his kingdom was divided between his three sons, Herod Antipas, Archelaus and Philip. Archelaus never properly bore the title of king, kjv@Matthew:2:22) but only that of ethnarch. In the tenth year of his reign, or the ninth according to Dion Cassius, i.e. A.D. 6, a complaint was preferred against him by his brothers and his subjects on the ground of his tyranny, in consequence of which he was banished to Vienne in Gaul, where he is generally said to have died.

ARCHERY - A>@ - ARMS, ARMOR

ARCHEVITES - A>@ - perhaps the inhabitants of Erech, some of whom had been placed as colonists in Samaria. kjv@Ezra:4:9)

ARCHI - A>@ - kjv@Joshua:16:2) A place in the neighborhood of Bethel, on the boundary between Ephraim and Benjamin. It designates a clan perhaps originally from Erech in Babylonia, of which Hushai was one. ARCHITE, THE

ARCHIPPUS - A>@ - (master of the horse), a Christian teacher in Colossae, kjv@Colossians:4:17) called by St. Paul his "fellow soldier," kjv@Philippians:2. He was probably a member of Philemon’s family. (A.D. 62.)

ARCHITE, THE - A>@ - (as if from a place named Erech, on the frontiers of Ephraim), the usual designation of David’s friend Hushai. (2 Samuel 15:32; 17:5,14; kjv@1Chronicles:27:33)

ARCHITECTURE - A>@ - The book of kjv@Genesis:4:17 kjv@Genesis:4:20-22) appears to divide mankind into two great characteristic sections, viz., the "dwellers in tents" and the "dwellers in cities." To the race of Shem is attributed kjv@Genesis:10:11-12 kjv@Genesis:10:22 kjv@Genesis:11:2-9) the foundation of those cities in the plain of Shinar, Babylon Nineveh and others. The Israelites were by occupation shepherds, and by habit dwellers in tents. kjv@Genesis:47:3) They had therefore originally, speaking properly, no architecture. From the time of the occupation of Canaan they became dwellers in towns and in houses of stone. kjv@Leviticus:14:34 kjv@Leviticus:14:45 kjv@Kings:7:10) The peaceful reign and vast wealth of Solomon gave great impulse to architecture; for besides the temple and his other great works, he built fortresses and cities in various places, among which Baalath and Tadmor are in all probability represented by Baalbec and Palmyra. But the reigns of Herod and his successors were especially remarkable for their great architectural works. Not only was the temple restored, but the fortifications and other public buildings of Jerusalem were enlarged and embellished. kjv@Luke:21:5) The town of Caesarea was built on the site of Strato’s Tower; Samaria was enlarged, and received the name of Sebaste. Of the original splendor of these great works no doubt can be entertained; but of their style and appearance we can only conjecture that they were formed on Greek and Roman models. The enormous stones employed the Assyrian Persepolitan and Egyptian buildings find a parallel in the substructions of Baalbec and in the huge blocks which still remain at Jerusalem, relics of the buildings either of Solomon or of Herod.

ARCTURUS - A>@ - (bear-keeper). The Hebrew words ’Ash and ’Aish , rendered "Arcturus" in the Authorized Version of kjv@Job:9:9 kjv@Job:38:32) in conformity with the Vulgate of the former passages are now generally believed to be identical, and to represent the constellation Ursa Major, known commonly as the Great Bear or Charles’ Wain.

ARD - A>@ - (one that descending), the son of Bela and grandson of Benjamin. kjv@Genesis:46:21; kjv@Numbers:26:40) In ( kjv@1Chronicles:8:3) he is called ADDAR.

ARDITES - A>@ - the descendants of Ard or Addar, the grandson of Benjamin. kjv@Numbers:26:40)

ARDON - A>@ - (fugitive) a Son of Caleb, the son of Hezron, by his wife Azubah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:18)

ARELI - A>@ - (heroic), a son of Gad. kjv@Genesis:46:16; kjv@Numbers:26:17) His descendants are called Arelites. Numb 26:17.

AREOPAGITE - A>@ - a member of the court of Areopagus. kjv@Acts:17:31) [MARS HILL’ HILL]

AREOPAGUS - A>@ - [MARS HILL’ HILL]

ARETAS, OR ARETAS - A>@ - (graver). A contemporary of Antiochus Epiphanes, B.C. 170, and Jason. 2 Macc. kjv@5:8. The Aretas alluded to by St. Paul ( kjv@2Corinthians:11:32) was father-in-law of Herod Antipas.

ARGOB - A>@ - (stony), a tract of country on the east of the Jordan, in Bashan, the kingdom of Og, containing 60 great and fortified cities. In later times it was called Trachonitis, and it is now apparently identified with the Leiah, a very remarkable district south of Damascus and east of the Sea of Galilee. (3:4,13-14)

ARGOB - A>@ - perhaps a Gileadite officer who was governor of Argob. He was either an accomplice of Pekah in the murder of Pekahiah or was slain by Pekah. ( kjv@2Kings:15:25)

ARIDAI - A>@ - (the strong), ninth son of Haman. kjv@Esther:9:9)

ARIDATHA - A>@ - sixth son of Haman. kjv@Esther:9:8)

ARIEH - A>@ - (lion). Either one of the accomplices of Pekah in his conspiracy against Pekahiah, or one of the princes of Pekahiah who was put to death with him. ( kjv@2Kings:15:20) (B.C. 757.)

ARIEL - A>@ - (lion of God). One of the "chief men" who under Ezra directed the caravan which he led back from Babylon to Jerusalem. kjv@Ezra:8:16) (B.C. 459.) The word occurs also in reference to two Moabites slain by Benaiah. (2 Samuel 23:20; kjv@1Chronicles:11:22) Many regard the word as an epithet, "lion-like;" but it seems better to look upon it as a proper name, and translate "two sons of Ariel." A designation given by Isaiah to the city of Jerusalem. kjv@Isaiah:29:1-2 kjv@Isaiah:29:7) We must understand by it either "lion of God," as the chief city, or "hearth of God," a synonym for the altar of burnt offering. On the whole it seems most probable that, as a name given to Jerusalem, Ariel means "lion of God," whilst the word used by Ezekiel, kjv@Ezekiel:43:15-16) means "hearth of God."

ARIMATHEA - A>@ - (heights). kjv@Matthew:27:57; kjv@Luke:23:51; kjv@John:19:38) St. Luke calls it "a city of Judea." It is identified by many with the modern Ramleh .

ARIOCH - A>@ - (venerable). The king of Eliasar, one of the allies of Chedorlaomer in his expedition against his rebellious tributaries. kjv@Genesis:14:1) (B.C. 1921-1912.) The captain of Nebuchadnezzar’s body-guard. kjv@Daniel:2:14) etc. Properly Eirioch , or Erioch , mentioned in Judith 1:6 as king of the Elymaeans.

ARISAI - A>@ - (lion-like), eighth son of Haman. kjv@Esther:9:9)

ARISTARCHUS - A>@ - (the best ruler), a Thessalonian, kjv@Acts:20:4 kjv@Acts:27:2) who accompanied St. Paul on his third missionary journey. kjv@Acts:19:29) He was with the apostle on his return to Asia, kjv@Acts:20:4) and again, kjv@Acts:27:2 On his voyage to Rome. We trace him afterwards as St. Paul’s fellow prisoner in kjv@Colossians:4:10) and Phle 1:24 Tradition makes him bishop of Apamea.

ARISTOBULUS - A>@ - (the best counsellor), a resident at Rome, some of whose household are greeted in kjv@Romans:16:10) Tradition makes him one of the 70 disciples and reports that he preached the gospel in Britain.

ARK, NOAHS - A>@ - NOAH

ARK OF THE COVENANT - A>@ - The first piece of the tabernacle’s furniture, for which precise directions were delivered. Exod 25. I. Description.
It appears to have been an oblong chest of shittim (acacia) wood, 2 1/2 cubits long by 1 1/2 broad and deep. Within and without gold was overlaid on the wood, and on the upper side or lid, which was edged round about with gold, the mercy-seat was placed. The ark was fitted with rings, one at each of the four corners, and through these were passed staves of the same wood similarly overlaid, by which it was carried by the Kohathites. kjv@Numbers:7:9 kjv@Numbers:10:21) The ends of the staves were visible without the veil in the holy place of the temple of Solomon. (Kings:8:8) The ark, when transported, was enveloped in the "veil" of the dismantled tabernacle, in the curtain of badgers’ skins and in a blue cloth over all, and was therefore not seen. kjv@Numbers:4:5 kjv@Numbers:4:20) II. Its purpose was to contain inviolate the divine autograph of the two tables, that "covenant" from which it derived its title. It was also probably a reliquary for the pot of manna and the rod of Aaron. III. History .
Before David’s time its abode was frequently shifted. It sojourned among several, probably Levitical, families, ( kjv@1Samuel:7:1; 2 Samuel 6:3,11; kjv@1Chronicles:13:13 kjv@1Chronicles:15:24-25) in the border villages of eastern Judah; and did not take its place in the tabernacle, but dwelt in curtains, i.e. in a separate tent pitched for it in Jerusalem by David. Subsequently the temple, when completed, received, in the installation of the ark in its shrine, the signal of its inauguration by the effulgence of divine glory instantly manifested. It was probably taken captive or destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar, 2 Esdr. 10:22, so that there was no ark in the second temple.

ARK OF MOSES - A>@ - A small boat or basket made of the papyrus, a reed which grows in the marshes of Egypt. It was covered with bitumen to make it water tight.

ARKITE, THE - A>@ - from Arka , one of the families of the Canaanites, kjv@Genesis:10:17; kjv@1Chronicles:1:16) and from the context evidently located in the north of Phoenicia. The site which now bears the name of ’Arka lies on the coast, 2 to 2 1/2 hours from the shore, about 12 miles north of Tripoli and 5 south of the Nahr el
- Kebir .

ARMAGEDDON - A>@ - (the hill or city of Megiddo). kjv@Revelation:16:16) The scene of the struggle of good and evil is suggested by that battle-field, the plain of Esdraelon, which was famous for two great victories, of Barak over the Canaanites and of Gideon over the Midianites; and for two great disasters, the deaths of Saul and Josiah. Hence it signifies in Revelation a place of great slaughter, the scene of a terrible retribution upon the wicked. The Revised Version gives the name as Har
- Magedon , i.e. the hill (as Ar is the city) of Megiddo .
ED.)

ARMENIA - A>@ - (land of Aram) is nowhere mentioned under that name in the original Hebrew, though it occurs in the English version, ( kjv@2Kings:19:37) for Ararat. Description.
Armenia is that lofty plateau whence the rivers Euphrates, Tigris, Araxes and Acampsis pour down their waters in different directions; the first two to the Persian Gulf, the last two respectively to the Caspian and Euxine seas. It may be termed the nucleus of the mountain system of western Asia. From the centre of the plateau rise two lofty chains of mountains, which run from east to west. Divisions.
Three districts are mentioned in the Bible.

(1) ARARAT is mentioned as the place whither the sons of Sennacherib fled. kjv@Isaiah:37:38) It was the central district, surrounding the mountain of that name.

(2) MINNI only occurs in kjv@Jeremiah:51:27) It is probably identical with the district Minyas, in the upper valley of the Murad-su branch of the Euphrates.

(3) TOGARMAH is noticed in two passages of kjv@Ezekiel:27:14 kjv@Ezekiel:38:6) both of which are in favor of its identity with Armenia. Present condition.
The Armenians, numbering about two millions, are nominally Christians. About half of them live in Armenia. Their favorite pursuit is commerce. The country is divided, as to government, between Russia, Turkey and Persia.
ED.

ARMLET - A>@ - an ornament universal in the East, especially among women; used by princes as one of the insignia of royalty, and by distinguished persons in general. The word is not used in the Authorized Version, as even in (2 Samuel kjv@1:10) it is rendered by "the bracelet on his arm."

ARMONI - A>@ - son of Saul by Rizpah. (2 Samuel 21:8)

ARMS, ARMOR - A>@ - The subject naturally divides itself into
I. Offensive weapons: Arms. II. Defensive weapons: Armor. I. Offensive weapons.
Apparently the earliest known and most widely used was the Chereb or SWORD. Very little can be gathered as to its shape, size, material or mode of use. Perhaps if anything is to be inferred it is that the Chereb is both a lighter and a shorter weapon than the modern sword. It was carried in a sheath, ( kjv@1Samuel:17:51; 2 Samuel 20:8; kjv@1Chronicles:21:27) slung by a girdle, ( kjv@1Samuel:25:13) and resting upon the thigh, kjv@Psalms:45:3; kjv@Judges:3:16) or upon the hips. (2 Samuel 20:8) Next we have the SPEAR; and of this weapon we meet with at least three distinct kinds. A. The Chanith , a "spear," and that of the largest kind. It was the weapon of Goliath, ( kjv@1Samuel:17:7 kjv@1Samuel:17:45 2 Samuel 21:19; kjv@1Chronicles:20:5) and also of other giants, (2 Samuel 23:21; kjv@1Chronicles:11:23) and mighty warriors. (2 Samuel kjv@2:23; 23:18; kjv@1Chronicles:11:11-20) b. Apparently lighter than the preceding was the Cidon or "javelin." When not in action the Cidon was carried on the back of the warrior, ( kjv@1Samuel:17:6) Authorized Version "target." c. Another kind of spear was the Romach . In the historical books it occurs in kjv@Numbers:25:7) and 1Kin 18:28 And frequently in the later books, as in ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:8) ("buckler"); ( kjv@2Chronicles:11:12) (It varied much in length, weight and size.) d. The Shelach was probably a lighter missile or "dart." see ( kjv@2Chronicles:23:10 kjv@2Chronicles:32:5) ("darts"); kjv@Nehemiah:4:17 kjv@Nehemiah:4:23) (see margin); kjv@Job:33:18 kjv@Job:36:12; kjv@Joel:2:8) e. Shebet , a rod or staff, is used once only to denote a weapon. (2 Samuel 18:14) Of missile weapons of offence the chief was undoubtedly the BOW, Kesheth . The ARROWS were carried in a quiver. kjv@Genesis:27:3; kjv@Isaiah:22:6 kjv@Isaiah:49:2; kjv@Psalms:127:5) From an allusion in kjv@Job:6:4 they would seem to have been some times poisoned; and kjv@Psalms:120:4) may point to a practice of using arrows with some burning material attached to them. The SLING is first mentioned in kjv@Judges:20:16) This simple weapon, with which David killed the giant Philistine, was the natural attendant of a shepherd. Later in the monarchy, slingers formed part of the regular army. ( kjv@2Kings:3:25) The BATTLE AXE, kjv@Jeremiah:51:20) a powerful weapon of whose exact form we have no knowledge. II. Armor.
The BREASTPLATE, enumerated in the description of the arms of Goliath, a "coat of mail," literally a "breastplate of scales." ( kjv@1Samuel:17:5) This word has furnished one of the names of Mount Hermon.
See (3:9) The HABERGEON is mentioned but twice
in reference to the gown of the high priest. kjv@Exodus:28:32 kjv@Exodus:39:28) It was probably a quilted shirt or doublet. The HELMET is referred to in ( kjv@1Samuel:17:5; kjv@2Chronicles:26:14; kjv@Ezekiel:27:10) (GREAVES) or defences for the feet, made of brass, are named in ( kjv@1Samuel:17:6) only. Two kinds of SHIELD are distinguishable. A. The large shield; encompassing, kjv@Psalms:6:12) the whole person. When not in actual conflict it was carried before the warrior. ( kjv@1Samuel:17:7 kjv@1Samuel:17:41) b. Of smaller dimensions was the buckler or target, probably for use in hand-to-hand fight. (Kings:10:16; kjv@2Chronicles:9:15-16)

ARMY - A>@ - I. JEWISH ARMY.
Every man above 20 years of age was a soldier, kjv@Numbers:1:3) each tribe formed a regiment, with its own banner and its own leader kjv@Numbers:2:2 kjv@Numbers:10:14) their positions in the camp or on the march were accurately fixed, Numb. 2; the whole army started and stopped at a given signal, kjv@Numbers:10:5-6) thus they came up out of Egypt ready for the fight. kjv@Exodus:13:18) On the approach of an enemy a conscription was made from the general body, under the direction of a muster-master, (20:5; kjv@2Kings:25:19) by whom also the officers were appointed. (20:9) The army had then divided into thousands and hundreds under their respective captains, kjv@Numbers:31:14) and still further into families. kjv@Numbers:2:34; kjv@2Chronicles:25:5 kjv@2Chronicles:26:12) With the king arose the custom of maintaining a body-guard, which formed the nucleus of a standing army, and David’s band of 600, ( kjv@1Samuel:23:13 kjv@1Samuel:25:13) he retained after he became king, and added the CHERETHITES and PELETHITES. (2 Samuel 15:18; 20:7) David further organized a national militia, divided into twelve regiments under their respective officers, each of which was called out for one month in the year. ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:1) ... It does not appear that the system established by David was maintained by the kings of Judah; but in Israel the proximity of the hostile kingdom of Syria necessitated the maintenance of a standing army. The maintenance and equipment of the soldiers at the public expense dated from the establishment of a standing army. It is doubtful whether the soldier ever received pay even under the kings. II. ROMAN EMPIRE ARMY.
The Roman army was divided into legions, the number of which varied considerably (from 3000 to 6000), each under six tribuni ("chief captains,") kjv@Acts:21:31) who commanded by turns. The legion was subdivided into ten cohorts ("band,") kjv@Acts:10:1) the cohort into three maniples, and the maniple into two centuries, containing originally 100 men, as the name implies, but subsequently from 50 to 100 men, according to the strength of the legion. There were thus 60 centuries in a legion, each under the command of a centurion. kjv@Acts:10:1-22; kjv@Matthew:8:5 kjv@Matthew:27:54) In addition to the legionary cohorts, independent cohorts of volunteers served under the Roman standards. One of these cohorts was named the Italian, kjv@Acts:10:1) as consisting of volunteers from Italy. The headquarters of the Roman forces in Judea were at Caesarea.

ARNAN - A>@ - In the received Hebrew text "the sons of Arnan" are mentioned in the genealogy of Zerubbabel. ( kjv@1Chronicles:3:21)

ARNI - A>@ - (Used in the Revised Version for Aram in kjv@Luke:3:33) and is probably another name or form of the name of Aram. ARAM, 4)

ARNON - A>@ - (roaring), the river or torrent which formed the boundary between Moab and the Amorites, on the north of Moab, kjv@Numbers:21:13-14 kjv@Numbers:21:24-26 kjv@Judges:11:22) and afterwards between Moab and Israel (Reuben). (2:24,36; 3:8,12,16; kjv@4:48; Joshua:12:1-2 kjv@Joshua:13:9 kjv@Joshua:13:16; kjv@Judges:11:13 kjv@Judges:11:26) There can be no doubt that the Wady el
- Mojeb of the present day is the Arnon. Its principal source is near Katrane , on the Haj route.

AROD - A>@ - (a wild ass), a son of Gad, kjv@Numbers:26:17) called ARODI in kjv@Genesis:46:16)

ARODI - A>@ - AROD

ARODITES - A>@ - AROD

AROER - A>@ - (ruins). A city on the torrent Arnon, the southern point of the territory of Sihon king of the Amorites and afterwards of the tribe of Reuben, (2:36; kjv@3:12; 4:48; kjv@Joshua:12:2 kjv@Joshua:13:9 kjv@Joshua:13:16; kjv@Judges:11:26; kjv@2Kings:10:33; kjv@1Chronicles:5:8) but later again in possession of Moab. kjv@Jeremiah:48:19) It is the modern Ara’ir , upon the very edge of the precipitous north bank of the Wady Mojeb . Aroer, "that is ’facing’ Rahbah" (Rabbah of Ammon), a town built by and belonging to Gad. kjv@Numbers:32:34; kjv@Joshua:13:25; 2 Samuel 24:5) This is probably the place mentioned in kjv@Judges:11:33) which was shown in Jerome’s time. Aroer, in kjv@Isaiah:17:2) if a place at all, must be still farther north than either of the two already named. A town in Judah, named only in ( kjv@1Samuel:30:28) perhaps Wady Ar’arah , on the road from Petra to Gaza.

AROERITE - A>@ - Hothan the Aroerite was the father of two of David’s captains. ( kjv@1Chronicles:11:44)

ARPAD, OR ARPHAD - A>@ - (strong city), kjv@Isaiah:36:19 kjv@Isaiah:37:13) a city or district in Syria, apparently dependent on Damascus. kjv@Jeremiah:49:23) No trace of its existence has yet been discovered. ( kjv@2Kings:18:34 kjv@2Kings:19:13; kjv@Isaiah:10:9)

ARPHAXAD - A>@ - (stronghold of the Chaldees). The son of Shem and ancestor of Eber. kjv@Genesis:10:22-24 kjv@Genesis:11:10) Arphaxad, a king "who reigned over the Medes in Ecbatana," Judith kjv@1:1-4; perhaps the same as Phraortes, who fell in a battle with the Assyrians, 633 B.C.

ARROWS - A>@ - ARMS, ARMOR

ARTAXERXES - A>@ - (the great warrior). The first Artaxerxes is mentioned in kjv@Ezra:4:7) and appears identical with Smerdis, the Magian impostor and pretended brother of Cambyses, who usurped the throne B.C. 522, and reigned eight months. In kjv@Nehemiah:2:1) we have another Artaxerxes. We may safely identify him with Artaxerxes Macrocheir or Longimanus, the son of Xerxces, who reigned B.C. 464-425.

ARTEMAS - A>@ - (gift of Artemis), a companion of St. Paul. kjv@Titus:3:12) According to tradition he was bishop of Lystra.

ARUBOTH - A>@ - (windows), the third of Solomons commissariat districts. (Kings:4:10) It included Sochoh, and was therefore probably a name for the rich corn-growing lowland country.

ARUMAH - A>@ - (height), a place apparently in the neighborhood of Shechem, at which Abimelech resided. kjv@Judges:9:41)

ARVAD - A>@ - (wandering) kjv@Ezekiel:27:8 kjv@Ezekiel:27:11) The island of Ruad , which lies off Tortosa (Tartus), two or three miles from the Phoenician coast. In agreement with this is the mention of "the Arvadite, in kjv@Genesis:10:18) and 1Chr 1:16 As a son of Canaan, with Zidon, Hamath an other northern localities.

ARVADITE - A>@ - ARVAD

ARZA - A>@ - prefect of the palace at Tirzah to Elah king of Israel, who was assassinated at a banquet in his house by Zimri. (Kings:16:9)