Dict: all - je
tcr.html:
JEALOUSY
@
(1) Divine- kjv@Exodus:20:5; kjv@Exodus:34:14; kjv@Deuteronomy:4:24; kjv@Deuteronomy:29:20; kjv@Joshua:24:19; kjv@1Kings:14:22; kjv@1Corinthians:10:22 Undivided Service, WORK AND WORKERS, RELIGIOUS
(2) Examples of Human Joseph's Brethren- kjv@Genesis:37:4 The Men of Ephraim- kjv@Judges:8:1 King Saul- kjv@1Samuel:18:8; kjv@2Samuel:19:41; kjv@Proverbs:6:34 The Labourers in the Vineyard- kjv@Matthew:20:12 The Elder Brother- kjv@Luke:15:28 Envy
(2), ENVY
JEBUSITES @ kjv@Joshua:11:3; kjv@Joshua:15:63; kjv@Judges:1:21; kjv@Judges:3:5; kjv@Judges:19:11; kjv@2Samuel:5:8
JEDUTHUN @ a musician- kjv@1Chronicles:16:41; kjv@1Chronicles:25:6
JEHOAHAZ @ (a) Son of Jehu, king of Israel- kjv@2Kings:10:35; kjv@2Kings:13:1,9; kjv@2Kings:14:1,8 (b) Son of Jehoram, king of Judah Ahaziah, AHAZIAH (c) Or Shallum, son of Josiah, king of Judah- kjv@2Kings:23:30,34; kjv@2Chronicles:36:1; kjv@Jeremiah:22:11
JEHOASH @ (a) Or Joash, king of Judah Joash, JOASH (b) Or Joash, king of Israel, son of Jehoahaz- kjv@2Kings:13:10,14,25; kjv@2Kings:14:8; kjv@2Chronicles:25:17,23
JEHOIACHIN, CONIAH, OR JECONIAH @ king of Judah, son of Jehoiakim- kjv@2Kings:24:6,8,15; kjv@2Kings:25:27; kjv@2Chronicles:36:9; kjv@Esther:2:6; kjv@Jeremiah:22:24; kjv@Jeremiah:24:1; kjv@Jeremiah:28:4 kjv@Jeremiah:29:2; kjv@Jeremiah:52:31
JEHOIADA @ (a) Officer of David- kjv@2Samuel:8:18 (b) High Priest- kjv@2Kings:11:4,17; kjv@2Kings:12:9; kjv@2Chronicles:22:11; kjv@2Chronicles:23:9,16; kjv@2Chronicles:24:2,15
JEHOIAKIM OR ELIAKIM @ king of Judah, son of Josiah- kjv@2Kings:23:34; kjv@2Kings:24:1; kjv@2Chronicles:36:8; kjv@Jeremiah:1:3; kjv@Jeremiah:22:18; kjv@Jeremiah:25:1; kjv@Jeremiah:26:1; kjv@Jeremiah:27:1 kjv@Jeremiah:36:1; kjv@Jeremiah:46:2; kjv@Jeremiah:52:2
JEHONADAB @ SEE Jonadab (b), JONADAB
JEHORAM @ (a) King of Judah, son of Jehoshaphat- kjv@2Chronicles:21:1,5,9,16,20; kjv@Matthew:1:8 (b) Or Joram, king of Israel, son of Ahab- kjv@2Kings:1:17; kjv@2Kings:3:1; kjv@2Kings:5:6; kjv@2Kings:6:21,30; kjv@2Kings:7:17; kjv@2Kings:9:14,21,24; kjv@2Chronicles:22:5
JEHOSHAPHAT @ (a) David's Recorder- kjv@2Samuel:8:16; kjv@2Samuel:20:24; kjv@1Kings:4:3; kjv@1Chronicles:18:15 (b) King of Judah, son of Asa- kjv@1Kings:15:24; kjv@1Kings:22:41; kjv@2Kings:8:16; kjv@2Chronicles:17:1; kjv@2Chronicles:18:1; kjv@2Chronicles:19:1; kjv@2Chronicles:20:1; kjv@2Chronicles:21:1
- Summary of his life One of the best kings of Judah Had a godly father- kjv@2Chronicles:14:2 Inaugurated a system of religious instruction for the people- 2Chronicles:17:79 Commanded the Judges to be just 2Chronicles:19:69 When surrounding nations attacked him he trusted in the Lord and gained a great victory 2Chronicles:20:137 He manifested weakness in forming alliances with wicked kings 1Kings:22:1-36; 2Kings:3:4-27
JEHOVAH CHOSEN, AS GOD @ kjv@Genesis:28:21; kjv@Deuteronomy:26:17; kjv@Ruth:1:16; kjv@1Kings:18:39; kjv@2Kings:5:17; kjv@Psalms:16:2; kjv@Psalms:31:14 kjv@Psalms:63:1; kjv@Psalms:73:25; kjv@Psalms:118:28; kjv@Psalms:140:6 Wise Choice, CHOICE Choose, SPECIAL
JEHOVAH
- JIREH @ (The Lord will Provide)- kjv@Genesis:22:14
JEHOVAH
- NISI @ (The Lord my Banner)- kjv@Exodus:17:15
JEHOVAH
- SHALOM @ (The Lord send Peace)- kjv@Judges:6:24
JEHOVAH
- SHAMMAH @ (The Lord is There)- kjv@Ezekiel:48:35
JEHOVAH
- TSIDKENU @ (The Lord our Righteousness)- kjv@Jeremiah:23:6; kjv@Jeremiah:33:16
JEHOZADAK, JOSEDECH, OR JOZADAK @ high priest- kjv@1Chronicles:6:15; kjv@Ezra:3:2; kjv@Ezra:5:2; kjv@Ezra:10:18; kjv@Nehemiah:12:26; kjv@Haggai:1:1; kjv@Zechariah:6:11
JEHU @ (a) King of Israel, son of Nimshi- kjv@1Kings:19:16; kjv@2Kings:9:2,24; kjv@2Kings:10:1,29,35; kjv@Hosea:1:4 (b) Prophet, son of Hanani- kjv@1Kings:16:1; kjv@2Chronicles:19:2; kjv@2Chronicles:20:34
JEPHTHAH @ son of Gilead, a deliverer of Israel, one of the judges- kjv@Judges:11:1,5,14,30,34,40; kjv@Judges:12:2,7; kjv@1Samuel:12:11
- Summary of his life An outcast- kjv@Judges:11:1,2 Rises to leadership- Judges:11:4-10 Moved at times by God's Spirit- kjv@Judges:11:29 Made a rash vow- kjv@Judges:11:30,31 Delivered Israel from their enemies- kjv@Judges:11:33 A man who kept his vow- kjv@Judges:11:39
JEREMIAH @ son of Hilkiah, one of the greater prophets- kjv@Jeremiah:1:1; kjv@Jeremiah:3:6; kjv@Jeremiah:20:2; kjv@Jeremiah:21:3; kjv@Jeremiah:24:3; kjv@Jeremiah:25:2; kjv@Jeremiah:28:5; kjv@Jeremiah:36:4,27; kjv@Jeremiah:37:13,21 kjv@Jeremiah:38:6,13,27; kjv@Jeremiah:39:15; kjv@Jeremiah:40:1; kjv@Jeremiah:42:7; kjv@Jeremiah:43:8; kjv@Jeremiah:44:1; kjv@Jeremiah:45:1; kjv@Jeremiah:46:1; kjv@Jeremiah:47:1 kjv@Jeremiah:49:34; kjv@Jeremiah:51:60
JERICHO @ a city west of the Jordan, near Jerusalem- kjv@Numbers:22:1; kjv@Deuteronomy:34:3; kjv@Joshua:6:1,20; kjv@Joshua:7:2; kjv@2Kings:2:4; kjv@2Kings:25:2; kjv@2Chronicles:28:15 kjv@Jeremiah:39:5; kjv@Matthew:20:29; kjv@Mark:10:46; kjv@Luke:10:30; kjv@Luke:18:35
JEROBOAM @
(1) First king of Israel, son of Nebat- kjv@1Kings:11:28; kjv@1Kings:12:2,12,20,26,32; kjv@1Kings:13:1; kjv@1Kings:14:7,19; kjv@2Chronicles:13:4,13,20
(2) King of Israel, son and successor of Jehoash- kjv@2Kings:14:23,27; kjv@Amos:1:1; kjv@Amos:7:10
JERUSALEM @
(1) General References to- kjv@Joshua:10:1; kjv@Judges:19:10; kjv@2Samuel:5:6; kjv@2Samuel:11:1; kjv@2Samuel:15:14; kjv@2Samuel:20:3 kjv@1Kings:2:11; kjv@1Kings:8:1; kjv@1Kings:10:2
(2) Calamities of- kjv@1Kings:14:25; kjv@2Kings:14:13; kjv@2Kings:16:5; kjv@2Kings:24:10; kjv@2Chronicles:25:23; kjv@Psalms:79:1; kjv@Lamentations:1:1 Lamentations
(2), SORROW Captivity of Israel and Judah
(2), ISRAEL
- THE JEWS Temple
(6), TEMPLES
(3) Prophecies against- kjv@Isaiah:3:1; kjv@Jeremiah:9:11; kjv@Jeremiah:19:8; kjv@Jeremiah:21:10; kjv@Jeremiah:25:18; kjv@Amos:2:5; kjv@Micah:3:12 kjv@Matthew:23:37; kjv@Luke:19:43; kjv@Luke:21:24 Lamentations
(2), SORROW
(4) The Names given to Ariel- kjv@Isaiah:29:1 City of David- kjv@2Samuel:5:7; kjv@Isaiah:22:9 City of God- kjv@Psalms:46:4; kjv@Psalms:87:3 City of the Great King- kjv@Psalms:48:2 City of Judah- kjv@2Chronicles:25:28 City of Truth- kjv@Zechariah:8:3 Holy City- kjv@Nehemiah:11:1 Holy Mount- kjv@Daniel:9:16 Jebus- kjv@Joshua:18:28; kjv@Judges:19:10 Perfection of Beauty- kjv@Lamentations:2:15 Salem- kjv@Genesis:14:18; kjv@Psalms:76:2 Throne of the Lord- kjv@Jeremiah:3:17 Zion- kjv@1Kings:8:1; kjv@Zechariah:9:13
(5) Called the Holy City- kjv@Nehemiah:11:1; kjv@Isaiah:1:26; kjv@Isaiah:48:2; kjv@Isaiah:52:1; kjv@Joel:3:17; kjv@Matthew:4:5
, Gates of. SEE Gates
(3), GATES
, Love for. SEE Patriotism, NATION, THE
, Prophecies of the Rebuilding of. SEE Restoration
(2), RESTORATION
JERUSALEM, NEW @ kjv@Hebrews:11:10,16; kjv@Hebrews:12:22; kjv@Hebrews:13:14; kjv@Revelation:21:2,10; kjv@Revelation:22:19
JESHUA OR JOSHUA @ the priest- kjv@Ezra:2:2; kjv@Ezra:3:2; kjv@Ezra:4:3; kjv@Ezra:5:2; kjv@Nehemiah:7:7; kjv@Nehemiah:12:1,10
JESHURUN @ a name given to the Israelites- kjv@Deuteronomy:32:15; kjv@Deuteronomy:33:5; kjv@Isaiah:44:2
JESSE @ father of David- kjv@Ruth:4:17; kjv@1Samuel:16:1; kjv@1Samuel:17:13; kjv@1Samuel:22:3; kjv@1Chronicles:2:13; kjv@Matthew:1:5
JESTING @ foolish, forbidden- kjv@Proverbs:26:19; kjv@Ephesians:5:4
JESUS CHRIST @ Christ, Jesus, CHRIST JESUS
JESUS OF NAZARETH @ kjv@Matthew:21:11; kjv@Mark:1:24; kjv@Mark:14:67; kjv@Mark:16:6; kjv@Luke:18:37; kjv@Luke:24:19; kjv@John:1:45; kjv@John:18:5 kjv@John:19:19; kjv@Acts:2:22; kjv@Acts:3:6; kjv@Acts:4:10; kjv@Acts:6:14; kjv@Acts:10:38; kjv@Acts:22:8; kjv@Acts:26:9 Nazarene, NAZARENE
JESUS' SAKE @ For Christ's Sake, FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS SAKE
JETHRO, RAGUEL OR REUEL @ a priest of Midian- kjv@Exodus:2:18; kjv@Exodus:3:1; kjv@Exodus:4:18; kjv@Exodus:18:1,12; kjv@Numbers:10:29
JEWISH JEALOUSY @ kjv@Acts:13:45; kjv@Acts:17:5,13; kjv@Acts:22:22; kjv@Romans:11:11
JEZEBEL @ wife of Ahab, the wicked queen
(1) General References to- kjv@1Kings:16:31; kjv@1Kings:18:4; kjv@1Kings:19:1; kjv@1Kings:21:5,23; kjv@2Kings:9:10,30,36
(2) Characteristics of A patroness of idolatry- kjv@1Kings:18:19 Revengeful- kjv@1Kings:19:2 A murderess- 1Kings:21:5-13 Incited her husband to evil- kjv@1Kings:21:25 Vain- kjv@2Kings:9:30 Met a terrible death- 2Kings:9:33-35 Notable Women, WOMEN
JEZREEL @
(1) A City in the south of Judea- kjv@Joshua:15:56
(2) A City of Issachar- kjv@Joshua:19:18
(3) A Valley- kjv@Joshua:17:16
smith:
JEARIM
- J>@ - (forests), Mount, a place named in specifying the northern boundary of Judah. kjv@Joshua:15:10) The boundary ran from Mount Seir to "the shoulder of Mount Jearim, which is Cesalon"
that is, Cesalon was the landmark on the mountain. Kesla , seven miles due west of Jerusalem, stands on a high point on the north slope of a lofty ridge, which is probably Mount Jearim.
JEATERAI
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah leads), a Gershonite Levite, son of Zerah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:6:21)
JEBERECHIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah blesses), father of a certain Zechariah, in the reign of Ahaz, mentioned kjv@Isaiah:8:2) (B.C. about 739.)
JEBUS
- J>@ - (threshing-floor), one of the names of Jerusalem, the city of the Jebusites, are called JEBUSI. kjv@Joshua:15:8 kjv@Joshua:18:16 kjv@Joshua:18:28; kjv@Judges:19:10-11; kjv@1Chronicles:11:4-5) JERUSALEM
JEBUSI
- J>@ - (from Jebus), the name employed for the city of JEBUS. kjv@Joshua:15:8 kjv@Joshua:18:16 kjv@Joshua:18:28)
JEBUSITES
- J>@ - (descendants of Jebus), The, were descended from the third son of Canaan. kjv@Genesis:10:16; kjv@1Chronicles:1:14) The actual people first appear in the invaluable report of the spies. kjv@Numbers:13:29) When Jabin organized his rising against Joshua, the Jebusites joined him. kjv@Joshua:11:3) "Jebus, which is Jerusalem," lost its king in the slaughter of Beth-horon, kjv@Joshua:10:1 kjv@Joshua:10:5,26) comp. kjv@Joshua:12:10 Was sacked and burned by the men of Judah, kjv@Judges:1:21) and its citadel finally scaled and occupied by David. (2 Samuel kjv@5:6) After this they emerge from the darkness but once, in the person of Araunah the Jebusite, "Araunah the king," who appears before us in true kingly dignity in his well-known transaction with David. (2 Samuel 24:23; kjv@1Chronicles:21:24-25)
JECAMIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah gathers), one of seven who were introduced into the royal line, on the failure of it in the person of Jehoiachin. ( kjv@1Chronicles:3:18)
JECHOLIAH
- J>@ - (strong through Jehovah) wife of Amaziah king of Judah, and mother of Azariah or Uzziah his successor. ( kjv@2Kings:15:2) (B.C. 824-807.)
JECONIAS
- J>@ - the Greek form of Jeconiah, an altered form of Jehoiachin. JEHOIACHIN
JECOLIAH
- J>@ - The same as JECHOLIAH. ( kjv@2Chronicles:26:3)
JECONIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah establishes).
See JEHOIACHIN
JEDAIAH
- J>@ - (praise Jehovah). Head of the second course of priests, as they were divided in the time of David. ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:7) (B.C. 1014.) some of them survived to return to Jerusalem after the Babylonish captivity, as appears from kjv@Ezra:2:36; kjv@Nehemiah:7:39) A priest in the time of Jeshua the high priest. kjv@Zechariah:6:10 kjv@Zechariah:6:14) (B.C. 536.)
JEDAIAH
- J>@ - A Simeonite, forefather of Ziza. ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:37) Son of Harumaph; a man who did his part in the rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem. kjv@Nehemiah:3:10) (B.C. 446.)
JEDIAEL
- J>@ - (known of God). A chief patriarch of the tribe of Benjamin. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:6 kjv@1Chronicles:7:11) It is usually assumed that Jediael is the same as Ashbel, kjv@Genesis:46:21; kjv@Numbers:26:38; kjv@1Chronicles:8:1) but this is not certain. Second son of Meshelemiah, a Levite. ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:1-2) Son of Shimri; one of the heroes of David’s guard. ( kjv@1Chronicles:11:45) (B.C. 1046.) One of the chiefs of the thousands of Manasseh who joined David on his march to Ziklag. ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:20) comp. kjv@1Samuel:30:9-10 (B.C. 1053.)
JEDIDAH
- J>@ - (one beloved), queen of Amon and mother of the good king Josiah. ( kjv@2Kings:22:1) (B.C. 648.)
JEDIDIAH
- J>@ - (beloved of Jehovah), Jedid-jah (darling of Jehovah), the name bestowed, through Nathan the prophet, on David’s son Solomon. (2 Samuel 12:25)
JEDUTHUN
- J>@ - (praising), a Levite of the family of Merari, is probably the same as Ethan. Comp. ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:17-19) with 1Chr 16:41-42; 25:1-3,6; kjv@2Chronicals:35:15 His office was generally to preside over the music of the temple service, Jeduthun’s name stands at the head of the 39th, 62d and 77th Psalms, indicating probably that they were to be sung by his choir. (B.C. 1014.)
JEEZER
- J>@ - (father of help), kjv@Numbers:26:30) the name of a descendant of Manasseh and founder of the family of the Jeezerites. In parallel lists the name is given as ABI
- EZER.
JEGARSAHADUTHA
- J>@ - (heap of testimony), the Aramaean name given by Laban the Syrian to the heap of stones which he erected as a memorial of the compact between Jacob and himself. kjv@Genesis:31:47) Galeed, a "witness heap," which is given as the Hebrew equivalent, does not exactly represent Jegar-sahadutha.
JEHALELEEL
- J>@ - (who praises God). Four men of the Bene
- Jehaleleel are introduced abruptly into the genealogies of Judah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:16)
JEHALELEL
- J>@ - (who praises God), a Merarite Levite, father of Azariah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:29:12)
JEHDEIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah makes glad). The representative of the Bene
- Shubael, in the time of David. ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:20) A Meronothite who had charge of the she-asses of David. ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:30) (B.C. 1046.)
JEHEZEKEL
- J>@ - (whom God makes strong), a priest to whom was given by David the charge of the twentieth of the twenty-four courses in the service of the house of Jehovah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:16) (B.C. 1014.)
JEHIAH
- J>@ - (Jehovah lives), "doorkeeper for the ark" at the time of its establishment in Jerusalem. ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:24) (B.C. 1043.)
JEHIEL
- J>@ - (God lives). One of the Levites appointed by David to assist in the service of the house of God. ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:18-20 kjv@1Chronicles:16:5) One of the sons of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, put to death by his brother Jehoram. ( kjv@2Chronicles:21:2-4) (B.C. 887.) One of the rulers of the house of God at the time of the reforms of Josiah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:35:8) (B.C. 623.) A Gershonite Levite, ( kjv@1Chronicles:23:8) who had charge of the treasures. ch. ( kjv@1Chronicles:28:8) A son of Hachmoni named in the list of David’s officers, ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:32) as "with the king’s sons," whatever that may mean. A Levite who took part in the restorations of King Hezekiah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:29:14) (B.C. 726.) Another Levite at the same period. ( kjv@2Chronicles:31:13) Father of Obadiah, of the Bene
- Joab. kjv@Ezra:8:9) (B.C. before 459.) One of the Bene
- Elam, father of Shechaniah. kjv@Ezra:10:2) A member of the same family, who himself had to part with his wife. kjv@Ezra:10:26) A priest, one of the Bene
- Harim, who also had to put away his foreign wife. kjv@Ezra:10:21) (B.C. 459.)
JEHIEL
- J>@ - (treasured of God), a perfectly distinct name from the last. A man described as father of Gibeon; a fore-father of King Saul. ( kjv@1Chronicles:9:35) One of the sons of Hotham the Aroerite; a member of David’s guard. ( kjv@1Chronicles:11:44) (B.C. 1046.)
JEHIELI
- J>@ - (a Jehielite), according to the Authorized Version a Gershonite Levite of the family of Laadan. ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:21-22)
JEHIZKIAH
- J>@ - (Jehovah strengthens), son of Shallum, one of the heads of the tribe of Ephraim in the time of Ahaz. ( kjv@2Chronicles:28:12) comp. kjv@2Chronicals:28:8 kjv@2Chronicals:28:13-15 (B.C. 738.)
JEHOADAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah adorns), one of the descendants of Saul. ( kjv@1Chronicles:8:36)
JEHOADDAN
- J>@ - (Whom Jehovah adorns), queen to King Josiah, and mother of Amaziah of Judah. ( kjv@2Kings:14:2; kjv@2Chronicles:25:1) (B.C. 862-837.)
JEHOAHAZ
- J>@ - (whom the Lord sustains). The son and successor of jehu, reigned 17 years, B.C. 856-840, over Israel in Samaria. His inglorious history is given in ( kjv@2Kings:13:1-9) Throughout his reign, ver. ( kjv@2Kings:13:22) he was kept in subjection by Hazael king of Damascus. Jehoahaz maintained the idolatry of Jeroboam; but in the extremity of his humiliation he besought Jehovah, and Jehovah gave Israel a deliverer
probably either Jehoash, vs. ( kjv@2Kings:13:23) and 2Kin 13:25 Or Jeroboam II., ( kjv@2Kings:14:24-25) Jehoahaz, otherwise called Shallum, son of Josiah, whom he succeeded as king of Judah. He was chosen by the people in preference to his elder (comp. ( kjv@2Kings:23:31) and 2Kin 23:36) brother, B.C. 610, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem. Pharaoh-necho sent to Jerusalem to depose him and to fetch him to Riblah. There he was cast into chains, and from thence he was taken into Egypt, where he died. The name given, ( kjv@2Chronicles:21:17) to Ahaziah, the youngest son of Jehoram king of Judah.
JEHOASH
- J>@ - (given by the Lord), the uncontracted form of Joash. The eighth king of Judah; son of Ahaziah. ( kjv@2Kings:11:21 kjv@2Kings:12:1-2-4-6-7 kjv@2Kings:12:18 kjv@2Kings:14:13 ) JOASH, 1 The twelfth king of Israel; son of Jehoahaz. ( kjv@2Kings:13:10 kjv@2Kings:13:25 kjv@2Kings:14:8-9-11-13-15-16-17) JOASH, 2
JEHOHANAN
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah gave), a name of which John is the contraction. A Korhite Levite, one of the doorkeepers to the tabernacle. ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:3) comp. 1Chr 25:1 (B.C. 1014.) One of the principal men of Judah under King Jehoshaphat. ( kjv@2Chronicles:17:15) comp. kjv@2Chronicals:17:13 and kjv@2Chronicals:17:19 (B.C. 910.) Father of Ishmael, one of the "captains of hundreds" whom Jehoiada the priest took into his confidence about the restoration of the line of Judah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:23:1) (B.C. 910.) One of the Bene
- Bebai who was forced to put away his foreign wife. kjv@Ezra:10:28) (B.C. 459.) A priest, kjv@Nehemiah:12:13) during the high priesthood of Joiakim. ver. kjv@Nehemiah:12:12) (B.C. 406.) A priest who took part in the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem. kjv@Nehemiah:12:42) (B.C. 446.)
JEHOIACHIN
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah has appointed), son of Jehoiakim, and for three months and ten days king of Judah. (B.C. 597.) At his accession Jerusalem was quite defenseless, and unable to offer any resistance to the army which Nebuchadnezzar sent to besiege it. ( kjv@2Kings:24:10-11) In a very short time Jehoiachin surrendered at discretion; and he, and the queen-mother, and all his servants, captains and officers, came out and gave themselves up to Nebuchadnezzar, who carried them, with the harem and the eunuchs, to Babylon. kjv@Jeremiah:29:2; kjv@Ezekiel:17:12 kjv@Ezekiel:19:9) There he remained a prisoner, actually in prison and wearing prison garments, for thirty-six years, viz., till the death of Nebuchadnezzar, when Evilmerodach, succeeding to the throne of Babylon, brought him out of prison, and made him sit at this own table. The time of his death is uncertain.
JEHOIADA
- J>@ - (Jehovah knows). Father of Benaiah, David’s well-known warrior. (2 Samuel kjv@8:18) 1Kin 1 and 2 passim ; ( kjv@1Chronicles:18:17) etc. (B.C. before 1046.) Leader of the Aaronites, i.e. the priests; who joined David at Hebron. ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:27) (B.C. 1053-46.) According to ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:34) son of Benaiah; but in all probability Benaiah the sons of Jehoiada is meant. Probably an error in copying. ( kjv@1Chronicles:18:17; 2 Samuel kjv@8:18) High priest at the time of Athaliah’s usurpation of the throne of Judah, B.C. 884-878, and during the greater portion of the forty-years reign of Joash. He married Jehosheba; and when Athaliah slew all the seed royal to Judah after Ahaziah had been put to death by Jehu, he and his wife stole Joash from among the king’s sons and hid him for six years in the temple, and eventually replaced him on the throne of his ancestors. ATHALIAH The destruction of Baal-worship and the restoration of the temple were among the great works effected by Jehoiada. He died B.C. 834. Second priest, or sagan, to Seraiah the high priest. kjv@Jeremiah:29:25-29; kjv@2Kings:25:18) Son of Paseach, who assisted to repair the old gate of Jerusalem. kjv@Nehemiah:3:6)
JEHOIAKIM
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah sets up), called Eliakim, son of Josiah and king of Judah. After deposing Jehoahaz, Pharaoh-necho set Eliakim, his elder brother, upon the throne, and changed his name to Jehoiakim, B.C. 608-597. For four years Jehoiakim was subject toi Egypt, when Nebuchadnezzar, after a short siege, entered Jerusalem, took the king prisoner, bound him in fetters to carry him to Babylon, and took also some of the precious vessels of the temple and carried them to the land of Shinar. Jehoiakim became tributary to Nebuchadnezzar after his invasion of Judah, and continued so for three years, but at the end of that time broke his oath of allegiance and rebelled against him. ( kjv@2Kings:24:1) Nebuchadnezzar sent against him numerous bands of Chaldeans, with Syrians, Moabites and Ammonites, ( kjv@2Kings:24:7) and who cruelly harassed the whole country. Either in an engagement with some of these forces or else by the hand of his own oppressed subjects Jehoiakim came to a violent end in the eleventh year of his reign. His body was cast out ignominiously on the ground, and then was dragged away and buried "with the burial of an ass," without pomp or lamentation, "beyond the gates of Jerusalem." kjv@Jeremiah:22:18-19 kjv@Jeremiah:36:30) All the accounts we have of Jehoiakim concur in ascribing to him a vicious and irreligious character. ( kjv@2Kings:23:37 kjv@2Kings:24:9; kjv@2Chronicles:36:5) The reign of Jehoiakim extends from B.C. 609 to B.C. 598, or, as some reckon, 599.
JEHOIARIB
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah defends), head of the first of the twenty-four courses of priests. ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:7)
JEHONADAB
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah impels) and Jon’adab, the son of Rechab, founder of the Rechabites, an Arab chief. When Jehu was advancing, after the slaughter of Betheked, on the city of Samaria, he was suddenly met by Jehonadab, who joined with him in "slaying all that remained unto Ahab." ( kjv@2Kings:10:15-17)
JEHONATHAN
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah gave). Son of Uzziah; superintendent of certain of King David’s storehouses. ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:25) (B.C. 1014). One of the Levites who were sent by Jehoshaphat through the cities of Judah, with a book of the law, to teach the people. ( kjv@2Chronicles:17:8) (B.C. 910.) A priest, kjv@Nehemiah:12:18) the representative of the family of Shemaiah, ver. 6, when Joiakim was high priest. (B.C. after 536.)
JEHORAM
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah has exalted). Son of Ahab king of Israel, who succeeded his brother Ahaziah B.C. 896, and died B.C. 884. The alliance between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, commenced by his father and Jehoshaphat, was very close throughout his reign. We first find him associated with Jehoshaphat and the king of Edom in a war against the Moabites. The three armies were in the utmost danger of perishing for want of water. The piety of Jehoshaphat suggested an inquiry of Jehovah, thorough Elisha. After reproving Jehoram, Elisha, for Jehoshaphat’s sake, inquired of Jehovah, and received the promise of an abundant supply of water, and of a great victory over the Moabites; a promise which was immediately fulfilled. The allies pursued them with great slaughter into their own land, which they utterly ravaged and destroyed most of its cities. Kirharaseth alone remained, the there the king of Moab made his last stand. An attempt to break through the besieging army having failed, he resorted to the desperate expedient of offering up his eldest son, as a burnt offering, upon the wall of the city, in the sight of the enemy. Upon this the Israelites retired and returned to their own land. ( kjv@2Kings:3:1) ... A little later, when war broke out between Syria and Israel, we find Elisha befriending Jehoram; but when the terrible famine in Samaria arose, the king immediately attributed the evil to Elisha, and determined to take away his life. The providential interposition by which both Elisha’s life was saved the city delivered is narrated ( kjv@2Kings:7:1) ... and Jehoram appears to have returned to friendly feeling toward Elisha. ( kjv@2Kings:8:4) It was soon after these vents that the revolution in Syria predicted by Elisha took place, giving Jehoram a good opportunity of recovering Ramoth-gilead from the Syrians. he accordingly made an alliance with his nephew Ahaziah, who had just succeeded Joram on the throne of Judah, and the two kings proceeded to occupy Ramoth-gilead by force. The expedition was an unfortunate one. Jehoram was wounded in battle, and obliged to return to Jezreel to be healed of his wounds. ( kjv@2Kings:8:29 kjv@2Kings:9:14-15) jehu and the army under his command revolted from their allegiance to Jehoram, ( kjv@2Kings:9:1) ... and hastily marching to Jezreel, surprised Jehoram, wounded and defenseless as he was. Jehoram, going out to meet him, fell pierced by an arrow from Jehu’s bow on the very plot of ground which Ahab had wrested from Naboth the Jezreelite; thus fulfilling to the letter the prophecy of Elijah. (Kings:21:29) With the life of Jehoram ended the dynasty of Omri. Eldest son of Jehoshaphat, succeeded his father on the throne of Judah at the age of 32, and reigned eight years, from B.C. 893-2 to 885-4. As soon as he was fixed on the throne, he put his six brothers to death, with many of the chief nobles of the land. He then, probably at the instance of his wife Athaliah the daughter of Ahab, proceeded to establish the worship of Baal. A prophetic writing from the aged prophet Elijah, ( kjv@2Chronicles:21:12) failed to produce any good effect upon him. The remainder of his reign was a series of calamities. First the Edomites, who had been tributary to Jehoshaphat, revolted from his dominion and established their permanent independence. Next Libnah, ( kjv@2Kings:19:8) rebelled against him. Then followed invasion by armed bands of Philistines and of Arabians, who stormed the king’s palace, put his wives and all his children, except his youngest son Ahaziah, to death, ( kjv@2Chronicles:22:1) or carried them into captivity, and plundered all his treasures. he died of a terrible disease. ( kjv@2Chronicles:21:19-20)
JEHOSHABEATH
- J>@ - (whose oath is Jehovah). ( kjv@2Chronicles:22:11)
See JEHOSHEBA
JEHOSHAPHAT
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah judges.) King of Judah, son of Asa, succeeded to the throne B.C. 914, when he was 35 years old, and reigned 25 years. His history is to be found among the events recorded in (Kings:15:24; kjv@2Kings:8:16) or in a continuous narrative in ( kjv@2Chronicles:17:1; kjv@2Chronicles:21:3) He was contemporary with Ahab, Ahaziah and Jehoram. He was one of the best, most pious and prosperous kings of Judah, the greatest since Solomon. At first he strengthened himself against Israel; but soon afterward the two Hebrew kings formed an alliance. In his own kingdom Jehoshaphat ever showed himself a zealous follower of the commandments of God: he tried to put down the high places and groves in which the people of Judah burnt incense, and sent the wisest Levites through the cities and towns to instruct the people in true morality and religion. Riches and honors increased around him. He received tribute from the Philistines and Arabians, and kept up a large standing army in Jerusalem. It was probably about the 16th year of his reign, B.C. 898, when he became Ahab’s ally in the great battle of Ramoth-gilead, for which he was severely reproved by Jehu. ( kjv@2Chronicles:19:2) He built at Ezion-geber, with the help of Ahaziah, a navy designed to go to Tarshish; but it was wrecked at Ezion-geber. Before the close of his reign he was engaged in two additional wars. He was miraculously delivered from a threatened attack of the people of Ammon, Moab and Seir. After this, perhaps, must be dated the war which Jehoshaphat, in conjunction with Jehoram king of Israel and the king of Edom, carried on against the rebellious king of Moab. ( kjv@2Kings:3:1) ... In his declining years the administration of affairs was placed, probably B.C. 891, in the hands of his son Jehoram. Son of Ahilud, who filled the office of recorder of annalist in the courts of David, (2 Samuel kjv@8:16) etc., and Solomon. (Kings:4:3) One of the priests in David’s time. ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:24) Son of Paruah; one of the twelve purveyors of King Solomon. (Kings:4:17) Son of Nimshi and father of King Jehu. ( kjv@2Kings:9:2 kjv@2Kings:9:14)
JEHOSHAPHAT, VALLEY OF
- J>@ - (valley of the judgment of Jehovah), a valley mentioned by Joel only, as the spot in which, after the return of Judah and Jerusalem from captivity, Jehovah would gather all the heathen, kjv@Joel:3:2) and would there sit to judge them for their misdeeds to Israel. ch. kjv@Joel:3:12) The scene of "Jehovah’s judgment" as been localized, and the name has come down to us attached to that deep ravine which separates Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, through which at one time the Kedron forced its stream. At what period the name "valley of Jehoshaphat" was first applied to this spot is unknown. It is not mentioned in the Bible or Josephus, but is first encountered in the middle of the fourth century. Both Moslems and Jews believe that the last judgment is to take place there. The steep sides of the ravine, wherever a level strip affords the opportunity, are crowded
in places almost paved
by the sepulchres of the Moslems, or the simpler slabs of the Jewish tombs, alike awaiting the assembly of the last judgment. The name is generally confined by travellers to the upper part of the glen. (Others suppose that the name is only an imaginary one, "the valley of the judgment of Jehovah" referring to some great victories of God’s people in which judgment was executed upon the heathen; or perhaps, as Keil, etc., to the end of the world.
ED.)
JEHOSHEBA
- J>@ - (Jehovah’s oath), daughter of Joram king of Israel, and wife of jehoiada the high priest. ( kjv@2Kings:11:2) Her name in the Chronicles is given JEHOSHABEATH. (B.C. 882.) As she is called, ( kjv@2Kings:11:2) "the daughter of Joram , sister of Ahaziah," it has been conjectured that she was the daughter, not of Athaliah, but of Joram by another wife. She is the only recorded instance of the marriage of a princess of the royal house with a high priest.
JEHOSHUA
- J>@ - (whose help is Jehovah; Help of Jehovah or savoiur). In this form is given the name of Joshua in kjv@Numbers:13:16) Once more only the name appears,
as Jehosh’uah.
JEHOSHUAH
- J>@ - in the genealogy of Ephraim. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:27)
JEHOVAH
- J>@ - (I am; the eternal living one). The Scripture appellation of the supreme Being, usually interpreted as signifying self-derived and permanent existence. The Jews scrupulously avoided every mention of this name of God, substituting in its stead one or other of the words with whose proper vowel-points it may happen to be written. This custom, which had its origin in reverence, was founded upon an erroneous rendering of kjv@Leviticus:24:16) from which it was inferred that the mere utterance of the name constituted a capital offence. According to Jewish tradition, it was pronounced but once a year, by the high priest on the day of atonement when he entered the holy of holies; but on this point there is some doubt. When Moses received his commission to be the deliverer of Israel, the Almighty, who appeared in the burning bush, communicated to him the name which he should give as the credentials of his mission: "And God said unto Moses, "I AM THAT I AM (ehyea asher ehyeh); and he said, Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you." That this passage is intended to indicate the etymology of Jehovah, as understood by the Hebrews, no one has ventured to doubt. While Elohim exhibits God displayed in his power as the creator and governor of the physical universe, the name Jehovah designates his nature as he stands in relation to man, as the only almighty, true, personal, holy Being, a spirit and "the father of spirits," kjv@Numbers:16:22) comp. kjv@John:4:24 Who revealed himself to his people, made a covenant with them, and became their lawgiver, and to whom all honor and worship are due.
JEHOVAHJIREH
- J>@ - (Jehovah will see or provide), the name given by Abraham to the place on which he had been commanded to offer Isaac, to commemorate the interposition of the angel of Jehovah, who appeared to prevent the sacrifice, kjv@Genesis:22:14) and provided another victim.
JEHOVAHNISSI
- J>@ - (Jehovah my banner), the name given by Moses to the altar which he built in commemoration of the discomfiture of the Amalekites. kjv@Exodus:17:15)
JEHOVAHSHALOM
- J>@ - (Jehovah (is) peace), or, with an ellipsis, "Jehovah the God of peace." The altar erected by Gideon in Orphrah was so called in memory of the salutation addressed to him by the angel of Jehovah, "Peace be unto thee." kjv@Judges:6:24)
JEHOZABAD
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah gave). A Korhite Levite, second son of Obed-edom, and one of the porters of the south gate of the temple and of the storehouse there in the time of David. ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:4 kjv@1Chronicles:26:15) compared with Nehe 12:25 (B.C. 1014.) A Benjamite, captain of 180,000 armed men, in the days of King Jehoshaphat. ( kjv@2Chronicles:17:18) (B.C. 910.) Son of Shomer or Shimrith, a Moabitish woman, who with another conspired against King Joash and slew him in his bed. ( kjv@2Kings:2:21; kjv@2Chronicles:24:26) (B.C. 837.)
JEHOZADAK
- J>@ - (Jehovah justifies), usually called Jozadak or Josedech. He was the son of the high priest Seraiah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:6:14-15) When his father was slain at Riblah by order of Nebuchadnezzar, ( kjv@2Kings:25:18 kjv@2Kings:25:21) Jehozadak was led away captive to Babylon. ( kjv@1Chronicles:6:15) (B.C. 588.) He himself never attained the high priesthood, but he was the father of Jeshua the high priest, and of all his successors till the pontificate of Alcimus. kjv@Ezra:3:2; kjv@Nehemiah:12:26), etc.
JEHU
- J>@ - (the living). The founder of the fifth dynasty of the kingdom of Israel, son of Jehoshaphat. ( kjv@2Kings:9:2) He reigned over Israel 28 years, B.C. 884-856. His first appearance in history is when he heard the warning of Elijah against the murderer of Naboth. ( kjv@2Kings:9:25) In the reigns of Ahaziah and Jehoram, Jehu rose to importance. He was, under the last-named king, captain of the host in the siege of Ramoth-gilead. During this siege he was anointed by Elisha’s servant, and told that he was appointed to be king of Israel and destroyer of the house of Ahab. ( kjv@2Kings:9:12) The army at once ordained him king, and he set off full speed for Jezreel. Jehoram, who was lying ill in Jezreel, came out to meet him, as it happened on the fatal field of Naboth. ( kjv@2Kings:9:21-24) Jehu seized his opportunity, and shot him through the heart. ( kjv@2Kings:9:24) Jehu himself advanced to the gates of Jezreel and fulfilled the divine warning on Jezebel as already on Jehoram. He then entered on a work of extermination hitherto unparalleled in the history of the Jewish monarchy. All the descendants of Ahab that remained in Jezreel, together with the officers of the court and the hierarchy of Eastward, were swept away. His next step was to secure Samaria. For the pretended purpose of inaugurating anew the worship of Baal, he called all the Bailouts together at Samaria. The vast temple raised by Ahab, (Kings:16:32) was crowded from end to end. The chief sacrifice was offered, as if in the excess of his zeal, by Jehu himself. As soon as it was ascertained that all, and none but, the idolaters were there, the signal was given to eighty trusted guards, and sweeping massacre removed at one blow the whole heathen population of the kingdom of Israel. This is the last public act recorded of Jehu. The remaining twenty-seven years of his long reign are passed over in a few words, in which two points only are material:
He did not destroy the calf-worship of Jeroboam:
The transjordanic tribes suffered much from the ravages of Hazael. ( kjv@2Kings:10:29-33) He was buried in state in Samaria, and was succeeded by his son Jehoahaz. ( kjv@2Kings:10:35) His name is the first of the Israelite kings which appears in the Assyrian monuments. Jehu son of Hanani; a prophet of Judah, but whose ministrations were chiefly directed to Israel. His father was probably the seer who attacked Asa. ( kjv@2Chronicles:16:7) He must have begun his career as a prophet when very young. He first denounced Baasha, (Kings:16:1,7) and then, after an interval of thirty years, reappeared to denounce Jehoshaphat for his alliance with Ahab. ( kjv@2Chronicles:19:2-3) He survived Jehoshaphat and wrote his life. ch. ( kjv@2Chronicles:20:34) A man of Judah of the house of Hezron. ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:38) A Simeonite, son of Josibiah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:35) Jehu the Antothite was one of the chief of the heroes of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:3)
JEHUBBAH
- J>@ - (protected), a man of Asher, son of Shamer or Shomer, of the house of Beriah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:34) (B.C. perhaps about 1450.)
JEHUCAL
- J>@ - (able), son of Shelemiah; one of two persons sent by King Zedekiah to Jeremiah to entreat his prayers and advice. kjv@Jeremiah:37:3) (B.C. 589.)
JEHUD
- J>@ - (praised), one of the towns of the tribe of Dan, kjv@Joshua:19:45) named between Baalath and Bene-berak.
JEHUDI
- J>@ - (a Jew), son of Nethaniah, a man employed by the princes of Jehoiakim’s court to fetch Baruch to read Jeremiah’s denunciation, kjv@Jeremiah:36:14) and then by the king to fetch the volume itself and read it to him. vs. kjv@Jeremiah:36:21-23) (B.C. 605.)
JEHUDIJAH
- J>@ - (the Jewess). There is really no such name in the Hebrew Bible as that which our Authorized Version exhibits at ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:18) If it is a proper name at all, it is Ha-jehudijah, like Hammelech, Hak-koz, etc.; and it seems to be rather an appellative, "the Jewess."
JEHUSH
- J>@ - (to whom God hastens), son of eshek, a remote descendant of Saul. ( kjv@1Chronicles:8:39)
JEIEL
- J>@ - (treasured of God). A Reubenite of the house of Joel. ( kjv@1Chronicles:5:7) A Merarite Levite, one of the gate-keepers to the sacred tent. ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:18) His duty was also to play the harp, ver. ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:21) or the psaltery and harp, ( kjv@1Chronicles:16:5) in the service before the ark. (B.C. 1043.) A Gershonite Levite, one of the Bene
- Asaph, forefather of Jahaziel in the time of King Jehoshaphat. ( kjv@2Chronicles:20:14) (B.C. 910.) The scribe who kept the account of the numbers of King Uzziah’s irregular predatory warriors. ( kjv@2Chronicles:26:11) (B.C. 803.) A Gershonite Levite, one of the Bene
- Elizaphan. ( kjv@2Chronicles:29:13) One of the chiefs of the Levites in the time of Josiah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:35:9) (B.C. 623.) One of the Bene
- Adonikam who formed part of the caravan of Ezra from Babylon to Jerusalem. kjv@Ezra:8:13) (B.C. 459.) A layman of the Bene
- Nebo, who had taken a foreign wife and had to relinquish her. kjv@Ezra:10:43) (B.C. 459.)
JEKABZEEL
- J>@ - (what God gathers), a fuller form of the name of KABZEEL, the most remote city of Judah on the southern frontier. kjv@Nehemiah:11:25)
JEKAMIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah gathers), son of Shallum, in the line of Ahlai. ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:41) (B.C. about 588.)
JEKUTHIEL
- J>@ - a man recorded in the genealogies of Judah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:18)
JEMIMA
- J>@ - (dove), the eldest of the three daughters born to Job after the restoration of his prosperity. kjv@Job:42:14)
JEMUEL
- J>@ - (day of God), the eldest son of Simeon. kjv@Genesis:46:10; kjv@Exodus:6:15) (B.C. 1706.)
JEPHTHAE
- J>@ - (whom God sets free), kjv@Hebrews:11:32) the Greek form of the name JEPHTHAH.
JEPHTHAH
- J>@ - (whom God sets free), A judge about B.C. 1143-1137. His history is contained in kjv@Judges:11:1; kjv@Judges:12:8) He was a Gileadite, the son of Gilead and a concubine. Driven by the legitimate sons from his father’s inheritance, he went to Tob and became the head of a company of freebooters in a debatable land probably belonging to Ammon. (2 Samuel 10:6) (This land was east of Jordan and southeast of Gilead, and bordered on the desert of Arabia.
ED.) His fame as a bold and successful captain was carried back to his native Gilead; and when the time was ripe for throwing off the yoke of Ammon, Jephthah consented to become the captain of the Gileadite bands, on the condition, solemnly ratified before the Lord in Mizpeh, that int he event of his success against Ammon he should still remain as their acknowledged head. Vowing his vow unto God, kjv@Judges:11:31) that he would offer up as a burn offering whatsoever should come out to meet him if successful, he went forth to battle. The Ammonites were routed with great slaughter; but as the conqueror returned to Mizpeh there came out to meet him his daughter, his only child, with timbrels and dancing. The father is heart-stricken; but the maiden asks only for a respite of two months in which to prepare for death. When that time was ended she returned to her father, who "did with her according to his vow." The tribe of Ephraim challenged Jephthah’s right to go to war as he had done, without their concurrence, against Ammon. He first defeated them, then intercepted the fugitives at the fords of Jordan, and there put forty-two thousand men to the sword. He judged Israel six years, and died. It is generally conjectured that his jurisdiction was limited to the transjordanic region. That the daughter of Jephthah was really offered up to God in sacrifice is a conclusion which it seems impossible to avoid. (But there is no word of approval, as if such a sacrifice was acceptable to God. Josephus well says that "the sacrifice was neither sanctioned by the Mosaic ritual nor acceptable to God." The vow and the fulfillment were the mistaken conceptions of a rude chieftain, not acts pleasing to God.
ED.)
JEPHUNNEH
- J>@ - (for whom a way is prepared). Father of Caleb the spy, appears to have belonged to an Edomitish tribe called Kenezites, from Kenaz their founder.
See kjv@Numbers:13:6) etc.; Numb 32:12 etc.; kjv@Joshua:14:14 etc.; 1Chr 4:15 (B.C. 1530.) A descendant of Asher, eldest of the three sons of Jether. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:38) (B.C. 1017.)
JERAH
- J>@ - (the moon), the fourth in order of the sons of Joktan, kjv@Genesis:10:26; kjv@1Chronicles:1:20) and the progenitor of a tribe of southern Arabia.
JERAHMEEL
- J>@ - (mercy of God). First-born son of hezron, the son of Pharez, the son of Judah, ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:9 kjv@1Chronicles:2:25-27,33-42) and founder of the family of Jerahmeelites. ( kjv@1Samuel:27:10) (B.C. before 1491.) A Merarite Levite, the representative of the family of Kish, the son of Mahli. ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:29) comp. 1Chr 23:21 (B.C. 1014.) Son of Hammelech, who was employed by Jehoiakim to make Jeremiah and baruch prisoners, after the had burnt the roll of Jeremiah’s prophecy. kjv@Jeremiah:36:26) (B.C. 505.)
JERAHMEELITES
- J>@ - (descendants of Jerahmeel), The, the tribe descended from the first of the foregoing persons. ( kjv@1Samuel:27:10) They dwelt in the south of Judah.
JERED
- J>@ - (descent). Son of Mahalaleel and father of Enoch. ( kjv@1Chronicles:1:2) One of the descendants of Judah signalized as the "father"
i.e. the founder
"of Gedor." ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:18)
JEREMAI
- J>@ - (dwelling in heights), a layman, one of the Bene
- Hashum, who was compelled by Ezra to put away his foreign wife. kjv@Ezra:10:33) (B.C. 459.)
JEREMIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah has appointed) was "the son of Hilkiah of the priests that were in Anathoth." kjv@Jeremiah:1:1) History.
He was called very young (B.C. 626) to the prophetic office, and prophesied forty-two years; but we have hardly any mention of him during the eighteen years between his call and Josiah’s death, or during the short reign of Jehoahaz. During the reigns of Jehoiakim and Jehoiachin, B.C. 607-598, he opposed the Egyptian party, then dominant in Jerusalem, and maintained that they only way of safety lay in accepting the supremacy of the Chaldeans. He was accordingly accused of treachery, and men claiming to be prophets had the "word of Jehovah" to set against his. kjv@Jeremiah:14:13 kjv@Jeremiah:23:7) As the danger from the Chaldeans became more threatening, the persecution against Jeremiah grew hotter. ch. 18. The people sought his life; then follows the scene in kjv@Jeremiah:19:10-13) he was set, however, "as a fenced brazen wall," ch. kjv@Jeremiah:15:20) and went on with his work, reproving king and nobles and people. The danger which Jeremiah had so long foretold at last came near. First Jehoiakim, and afterwards his successor Jehoiachin, were carried into exile, 2Kin 24; but Zedekiah, B.C. 597-586, who was appointed by Nebuchadnezzar, was more friendly to the prophet, though powerless to help him. The approach of an Egyptian army, and the consequent departure of the Chaldeans, made the position of Jeremiah full of danger, and he sought to effect his escape from the city; but he was seized and finally thrown into a prison-pit to die, but was rescued. On the return of the Chaldean army he showed his faith in God’s promises, and sought to encourage the people by purchasing the field at Anathoth which his kinsman Hanameel wished to get rid of. kjv@Jeremiah:32:6-9) At last the blow came. The city was taken, the temple burnt. The king and his princes shared the fate of Jehoiachin. The prophet gave utterance to his sorrow in the Lamentations. After the capture of Jerusalem, B.C. 586, by the Chaldeans, we find Jeremiah receiving better treatment; but after the death of Gedaliah, the people, disregarding his warnings, took refuge in Egypt, carrying the prophet with them. In captivity his words were sharper and stronger than ever. He did not shrink, even there, from speaking of the Chaldean king once more as "the servant of Jehovah." kjv@Jeremiah:43:10) After this all is uncertain, but he probably died in Egypt. Character.
Canon Cook says of Jeremiah, "His character is most interesting. We find him sensitive to a most painful degree, timid, shy, hopeless, desponding, constantly complaining and dissatisfied with the course of events, but never flinching from duty...Timid in resolve, he was unflinching in execution; as fearless when he had to face the whole world as he was dispirited and prone to murmuring when alone with God. Judged by his own estimate of himself, he was feeble, and his mission a failure; really, in the hour of action and when duty called him, he was in very truth ’a defenced city, and an iron pillar, and brazen walls against the whole land.’ ch. kjv@Jeremiah:1:18) he was a noble example of the triumph of the moral over the physical nature." (It is not strange that he was desponding when we consider his circumstances. He saw the nation going straight to irremediable ruin, and turning a deaf ear to all warnings. "A reign of terror had commenced (in the preceding reign), during which not only the prophets but all who were distinguished for religion and virtue were cruelly murdered." "The nation tried to extirpate the religion of Jehovah;" "Idolatry was openly established," "and such was the universal dishonesty that no man trusted another, and society was utterly disorganized." How could one who saw the nation about to reap the awful harvest they had been sowing, and yet had a vision of what they might have been and might yet be, help indulging in "Lamentations"?
ED.)
JEREMIAH
- J>@ - Seven other persons bearing the same name as the prophet are mentioned in the Old Testament:
Jeremiah of Libnah, father of Hamutal wife of Josiah. ( kjv@2Kings:23:31) (B.C. before 632.) 2-3-4. Three warriors
two of the tribe of Gad
in David’s army. ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:4 kjv@1Chronicles:12:10,13) (B.C. 1061-53.) One of the "mighty men of valor" of the transjordanic half-tribe of Manasseh. ( kjv@1Chronicles:5:24) (B.C. 782.) A priest of high rank, head of the second or third of the twenty-one courses which are apparently enumerated in kjv@Nehemiah:10:2-8 kjv@Nehemiah:12:1 kjv@Nehemiah:12:12) (B.C. 446-410). The father of Jazaniah the Rechabite. kjv@Jeremiah:35:3) (B.C. before 606.)
JEREMIAH, BOOK OF
- J>@ - "There can be little doubt that the book of Jeremiah grew out of the roll which Baruch wrote down at the prophet’s mouth in the fourth year of Jehoiakim. ch. kjv@Jeremiah:36:2) Apparently the prophets kept written records of their predictions, and collected into larger volumes such of them as were intended for permanent use."
Canon Cook. In the present order we have two great divisions:
I. Chs. 1-45. Prophecies delivered at various times, directed mainly to Judah, or connected with Jeremiah’s personal history. II. Chs. 46-51. Prophecies connected with other nations. Looking more closely into each of these divisions, we have the following sections: Chs. 1-21, including prophecies from the thirteenth year of Josiah to the fourth of Jehoiakim; ch. 21; belongs to the later period. Chs. 22-25. Shorter prophecies, delivered at different times, against the kings of Judah and the false prophets. Ch. kjv@Jeremiah:25:13-14) evidently marks the conclusion of a series of prophecies; and that which follows, ch. kjv@Jeremiah:25:15-38) the germ of the fuller predictions in chs. 46-49, has been placed here as a kind of completion to the prophecy of the seventy years and the subsequent fall of Babylon. Chs. 26-28. The two great prophecies of the fall of Jerusalem, and the history connected with them. Chs. 29-31. The message of comfort for the exiles in Babylon. Chs. 32-44. The history of the last two years before the capture of Jerusalem, and of Jeremiah’s work int hem and in the period that followed. Chs. 46-51. The prophecies against foreign nations, ending with the great prediction against Babylon. The supplementary narrative of ch. 52.
JEREMIAS
- J>@ - the Greek form of the name of Jeremiah the prophet. kjv@Matthew:16:14)
JEREMOTH
- J>@ - (heights). A Benjamite chief, a son of the house of Beriah of Elpaal. ( kjv@1Chronicles:8:14) comp. 1Chr 8:12-18 (B.C. about 588.) A merarite levite, son of Mushi. ( kjv@1Chronicles:23:23) Son of Heman; head of the thirteenth course of musicians in the divine service. ( kjv@1Chronicles:25:22) (B.C. 1014.) One of the sons of Elam, and, One of the sons of Zattu, who had taken strange wives. kjv@Ezra:10:26-27) (B.C. 459.) The name which appears in the same list as "and RAMOTH," ver. 29.
JEREMY
- J>@ - the prophet Jeremiah. kjv@Matthew:2:17 kjv@Matthew:27:9)
JERIAH
- J>@ - a Kohathite Levite, chief of the great house of Hebron when David organized the service. ( kjv@1Chronicles:23:19 kjv@1Chronicles:24:23) B.C. 1014. The same man is mentioned again as JERIJAH. ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:31)
JERIBAI
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah defends), one of the Bene
- Elnaan, named among the heroes of David’s guard. ( kjv@1Chronicles:11:46)
JERICHO
- J>@ - (place of fragrance), a city of high antiquity, situated in a plain traversed by the Jordan, and exactly over against where that river was crossed by the Israelites under Joshua. kjv@Joshua:3:16) It was five miles west of the Jordan and seven miles northwest of the Dead Sea. It had a king. Its walls were so considerable that houses were built upon them. ch. kjv@Joshua:2:15) The spoil that was found in it betokened its affluence. Jericho is first mentioned as the city to which the two spies were sent by Joshua from Shittim. kjv@Joshua:2:1-21) It was bestowed by him upon the tribe of Benjamin, ch. kjv@Joshua:18:21) and from this time a long interval elapses before Jericho appears again upon the scene. Its second foundation under Hiel the Bethelite is recorded in (Kings:16:34) Once rebuilt, Jericho rose again slowly into consequence. In its immediate vicinity the sons of the prophets sought retirement from the world; Elisha "healed the spring of the waters;" and over against it, beyond Jordan, Elijah "went up by a whirlwind into heaven." ( kjv@2Kings:2:1-22) In its plains Zedekiah fell into the hands of the Chaldeans. ( kjv@2Kings:25:5; kjv@Jeremiah:39:5) In the return under Zerubbabel the "children of Jericho," 345 in number, are comprised. kjv@Ezra:2:34; kjv@Nehemiah:7:36) Under Herod the Great it again became an important place. He fortified it and built a number of new palaces, which he named after his friends. If he did not make Jericho his habitual residence, he at last retired thither to die, and it was in the amphitheater of Jericho that the news of his death was announced to the assembled soldiers and people by Salome. Soon afterward the palace was burnt and the town plundered by one Simon, slave to Herod; but Archelaus rebuilt the former sumptuously, and founded a new town on the plain, that bore his own name; and, most important of all, diverted water from a village called Neaera to irrigate the plain which he had planted with palms. Thus Jericho was once more "a city of palms" when our Lord visited it. Here he restored sight to the blind. kjv@Matthew:20:30; kjv@Mark:10:46; kjv@Luke:18:35) Here the descendant of Rahab did not disdain the hospitality of Zaccaeus the publican. Finally, between Jerusalem and Jericho was laid the scene of his story of the good Samaritan. The city was destroyed by Vespasian. The site of ancient (the first) Jericho is placed by Dr. Robinson in the immediate neighborhood of the fountain of Elisha; and that of the second (the city of the New Testament and of Josephus) at the opening of the Wady Kelt (Cherith), half an hour from the fountain. (The village identified with jericho lies a mile and a half from the ancient site, and is called Riha . It contains probably 200 inhabitants, indolent and licentious and about 40 houses. Dr. Olin says it is the "meanest and foulest village of Palestine;" yet the soil of the plain is of unsurpassed fertility.
ED.)
JERIEL
- J>@ - (people of God), a man of Issachar, one of the six heads of the house of Tola. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:2)
JERIJAH
- J>@ - (people of Jehovah).
See JERIAH
JERIMOTH
- J>@ - (heights). Son or descendant of Bela. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:7) He is perhaps the same as who joined David at Ziklag. ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:5) (B.C. 1055.) A son of Beecher, ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:8) and head of a Benjamite house. Son of Mushi, the son of Merari. ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:30) Son of Heman, head of fifteenth ward of musicians. ( kjv@1Chronicles:25:4 kjv@1Chronicles:25:22) (B.C. 1014.) Son of Zariel, ruler of the tribe of Naphtali in the reign of David. ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:19) Son of King David, whose daughter Mahalath was one of the wives of Rehoboam, her cousin Abihail being the other. ( kjv@2Chronicles:11:18) (B.C. before 1014.) A Levite in the reign of Hezekiah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:31:13) (B.C. 726.)
JERIOTH
- J>@ - (curtains), one of the elder Caleb’s wives. ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:18)
JEROBOAM
- J>@ - (whose people are many). The first king of the divided kingdom of Israel, B.C. 975-954, was the son of an Ephraimite of the name of Nebat. He was raised by Solomon to the rank of superintendent over the taxes and labors exacted from the tribe of Ephraim. (Kings:11:28) he made the most of his position, and at last was perceived by Solomon to be aiming at the monarchy. He was leaving Jerusalem, when he was met by Ahijah the prophet, who gave him the assurance that, on condition of obedience to his laws, God would establish for him a kingdom and dynasty equal to that of David. (Kings:11:29-40) The attempts of Solomon to cut short Jeroboam’s designs occasioned his flight into Egypt. There he remained until Solomon’s death. After a year’s longer stay in Egypt, during which Jeroboam married Ano, the elder sister of the Egyptian queen Tahpenes, he returned to Shechem, where took place the conference with Rehoboam REHOBOAM, and the final revolt which ended in the elevation of Jeroboam to the throne of the northern kingdom. Now occurred the fatal error of his policy. Fearing that the yearly pilgrimages to Jerusalem would undo all the work which he effected, he took the bold step of rending the religious unity of the nation, which was as yet unimpaired, asunder. He caused two golden figures of Mnevis, the sacred calf, to be made and set up at the two extremities of his kingdom, one at Dan and the other at Bethel. It was while dedicating the altar at Bethel that a prophet from Judah suddenly appeared, who denounced the altar, and foretold its desecration by Josiah, and violent overthrow. The king, stretching out his hand to arrest the prophet, felt it withered and paralyzed, and only at the prophet’s prayer saw it restored, and acknowledged his divine mission. Jeroboam was at constant war with the house of Judah, but the only act distinctly recorded is a battle with Abijah, son of Rehoboam, in which he was defeated. The calamity was severely felt; he never recovered the blow, and soon after died, in the 22d year of his reign, ( kjv@2Chronicles:13:20) and was buried in his ancestral sepulchre. (Kings:14:20) Jeroboam II., the son of Joash, the fourth of the dynasty of Jehu. (B.C. 825-784.) The most prosperous of the kings of Israel. He repelled the Syrian invaders, took their capital city Damascus, ( kjv@2Kings:14:28) and recovered the whole of the ancient dominion from Hamah to the Dead Sea. ch ( kjv@2Kings:14:25) Ammon and Moab were reconquered, and the transjordanic tribes were restored to their territory, ( kjv@2Kings:13:5; kjv@1Chronicles:5:17-22) but it was merely an outward restoration.
JEROHAM
- J>@ - (cherished). Father of Elkanah, the father of Samuel, of the house of Kohath. ( kjv@1Samuel:1:1; kjv@1Chronicles:6:27 kjv@1Chronicles:6:34) (B.C. before 1142.) A Benjamite, the founder of a family of Bene
- Jeroham. ( kjv@1Chronicles:8:27) Probably the same as Father (or progenitor) of Ibneiah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:9:8) comp. 1Chr 9:3 and 1Chr kjv@9:9. (B.C. before 588.) A descendant of Aaron, of the house of Immer, the leader of the sixteenth course of priests; son of Pashur, and father of Adaiah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:9:12) He appears to be mentioned again in kjv@Nehemiah:11:12) (B.C. before 586.) Jeroham of Gedor, some of whose sons joined David at Ziglag. ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:7) (B.C. before 1055.) A Danite, whose son or descendant Azareel was head of his tribe in the time of David. ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:22) Father of Azariah, one of the "captains of hundreds" in the time of Athaliah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:23:1) (B.C. before 876.)
JERUBBAAL, OR JERUBBAAL
- J>@ - (contender with Baal), the surname of Gideon, which he acquired in consequence of destroying the altar of Baal, when his father defended him from the vengeance of the Abiezrites. kjv@Judges:6:32)
JERUBBESHETH
- J>@ - (contender with the shame), a name of Gideon. (2 Samuel 11:21)
JERUEL
- J>@ - (founded by God), The wilderness of, the place in which Jehoshaphat was informed by Jahaziel the Levite that he should encounter the hordes of Ammon, Moab and the Mehunims. ( kjv@2Chronicles:20:16) The name has not been met with.
JERUSALEM
- J>@ - (the habitation of peace), Jerusalem stands in latitude 31 degrees 46’ 35" north and longitude 35 degrees 18’ 30" east of Greenwich. It Isaiah:32 miles distant from the sea and 18 from the Jordan, 20 from Hebron and 36 from Samaria. "In several respects," says Dean Stanley, "its situation is singular among the cities of Palestine. Its elevation is remarkable; occasioned not from its being on the summit of one of the numerous hills of Judea, like most of the towns and villages, but because it is on the edge of one of the highest table-lands of the country. Hebron indeed is higher still by some hundred feet, and from the south, accordingly (even from Bethlehem), the approach to Jerusalem is by a slight descent. But from any other side the ascent is perpetual; and to the traveller approaching the city from the east or west it must always have presented the appearance beyond any other capital of the then known world
we may say beyond any important city that has ever existed on the earth
of a mountain city; breathing, as compared with the sultry plains of Jordan, a mountain air; enthroned, as compared with jericho or Damascus, Gaza or Tyre, on a mountain fastness."
S. & P. 170, Jerusalem, if not actually in the centre of Palestine, was yet virtually so. "It was on the ridge, the broadest and most strongly-marked ridge of the backbone of the complicated hills which extend through the whole country from the plain of Esdraelon to the desert." Roads.
There appear to have been but two main approaches to the city:
From the Jordan valley by Jericho and the Mount of Olives. This was the route commonly taken from the north and east of the country. From the great maritime plain of Philistia and Sharon. This road led by the two Beth-horons up to the high ground at Gibeon, whence it turned south, and came to Jerusalem by Ramah and Gibeah, and over the ridge north of the city. Topography.
To convey an idea of the position of Jerusalem, we may say, roughly, that the city occupies the southern termination of the table-land which is cut off from the country round it on its west, south and east sides by ravines more than usually deep and precipitous. These ravines leave the level of the table-land, the one on the west and the other on the northeast of the city, and fall rapidly until they form a junction below its southeast corner. The eastern one
the valley of the Kedron, commonly called the valley of Jehoshaphat
runs nearly straight from north by south. But the western one
the valley of Hinnom
runs south for a time, and then takes a sudden bend to the east until it meets the valley of Jehoshaphat, after which the two rush off as one to the Dead Sea. How sudden is their descent may be gathered from the fact that the level at the point of junction -about a mile and a quarter from the starting-point of each
is more than 600 feet below that of the upper plateau from which they began their descent. So steep is the fall of the ravines, so trench-like their character, and so close do they keep to the promontory at whose feet they run, as to leave on the beholder almost the impression of the ditch at the foot of a fortress rather than of valleys formed by nature. The promontory thus encircled is itself divided by a longitudinal ravine running up it from south to north, called the valley of the Tyropoeon, rising gradually from the south, like the external ones, till at last it arrives at the level of the upper plateau, dividing the central mass into two unequal portions. Of these two, that on the west is the higher and more massive, on which the city of Jerusalem now stands, and in fact always stood. The hill on the east is considerably lower and smaller, so that to a spectator from the south the city appears to slope sharply toward the east. Here was the temple, and here stands now the great Mohammedan sanctuary with its mosques and domes. The name of MOUNT, MOUNT, MOUNTAIN ZION has been applied to the western hill from the time of Constantine to the present day. The eastern hill, called MOUNT, MOUNT, MOUNTAIN MORIAH in ( kjv@2Chronicles:3:1) was as already remarked, the site of the temple. It was situated in the southwest angle of the area, now known as the Haram area, and was, as we learn from Josephus, an exact square of a stadium, or 600 Greek feet, on each side. (Conder ("Bible Handbook," 1879) states that by the latest surveys the Haram area is a quadrangle with unequal sides. The west wall measures 1601 feet, the south 922, the east 1530, the north 1042. It is thus nearly a mile in circumference, and contains 35 acres.
ED.) Attached to the northwest angle of the temple was the Antonia, a tower or fortress. North of the side of the temple is the building now known to Christians as the Mosque of Omar, but by Moslems called the Dome of the Rock. The southern continuation of the eastern hill was named OPHEL, which gradually came to a point at the junction of the valleys Tyropoeon and Jehoshaphat; and the norther BEZETHA, "the new city," first noticed by Josephus, which was separated from Moriah by an artificial ditch, and overlooked the valley of Kedron on the east; this hill was enclosed within the walls of Herod Agrippa. Lastly, ACRA lay westward of Moriah and northward of Zion, and formed the "lower city" in the time of Josephus. Walls.
These are described by Josephus. The first or old wall was built by David and Solomon, and enclosed Zion and part of Mount Moriah. (The second wall enclosed a portion of the city called Acra or Millo, on the north of the city, from the tower of Mariamne to the tower of Antonia. It was built as the city enlarged in size; begun by Uzziah 140 years after the first wall was finished, continued by Jotham 50 years later, and by Manasseh 100 years later still. It was restored by Nehemiah. Even the latest explorations have failed to decide exactly what was its course. (
See Conder’s Handbook of the Bible, art. Jerusalem.) The third wall was built by King Herod Agrippa, and was intended to enclose the suburbs which had grown out on the northern sides of the city, which before this had been left exposed. After describing these walls, Josephus adds that the whole circumference of the city was 33 stadia, or nearly four English miles, which is as near as may be the extent indicated by the localities. He then adds that the number of towers in the old wall was 60, the middle wall 40, and the new wall 99. Water Supply
(Jerusalem had no natural water supply, unless we so consider the "Fountain of the Virgin," which wells up with an intermittent action from under Ophel. The private citizens had cisterns, which were supplied by the rain from the roofs; and the city had a water supply "perhaps the most complete and extensive ever undertaken by a city," and which would enable it to endure a long siege. There were three aqueducts, a number of pools and fountains, and the temple area was honeycombed with great reservoirs, whose total capacity is estimated at 10,000,000 gallons. Thirty of these reservoirs are described, varying from 25 to 50 feet in depth; and one, call the great Sea , would hold 2,000,000 gallons. These reservoirs and the pools were supplied with water by the rainfall and by the aqueducts. One of these, constructed by Pilate, has been traced for 40 miles, though in a straight line the distance is but 13 miles. It brought water from the spring Elam, on the south, beyond Bethlehem, into the reservoirs under the temple enclosure.
ED.) Pools and fountains.
A part of the system of water supply. Outside the walls on the west side were the Upper and Lower Pools of GIHON, the latter close under Zion, the former more to the northwest on the Jaffa road. At the junction of the valleys of Hinnom and Jehoshaphat was ENROGEL, the "Well of Job," in the midst of the king’s gardens. Within the walls, immediately north of Zion, was the "Pool of Hezekiah." A large pool existing beneath the temple (referred to in Ecclus. kjv@1:3) was probably supplied by some subterranean aqueduct. The "King’s Pool" was probably identical with the "Fountain of the Virgin," at the southern angle of Moriah. It possesses the peculiarity that it rises and falls at irregular periods; it is supposed to be fed form the cistern below the temple. From this a subterranean channel cut through solid rock leads the water to the pool of SILOAH, THE POOL OF or SILOAM, which has also acquired the character of being an intermittent fountain. The pool of which tradition has assigned the name of BETHESDA is situated on the north side of Moriah; it is now named Birket Israil . Burial-grounds.
The main cemetery of the city seems from an early date to have been where it is still
on the steep slopes of the valley of the Kedron. The tombs of the kings were in the city of David, that is, Mount Zion. The royal sepulchres were probably chambers containing separate recesses for the successive kings. Gardens.
The king’s gardens of David and Solomon seem to have been in the bottom formed by the confluence of the Kedron and Himmon. kjv@Nehemiah:3:15) The Mount of Olives, as its name, and the names of various places upon it seem to imply, was a fruitful spot. At its foot was situated the garden of Gethsemane. At the time of the final siege the space north of the wall of Agrippa was covered with gardens, groves and plantations of fruit trees, enclosed by hedges and walls; and to level these was one of Titus’ first operations. We know that the Gennath (i.e. "of gardens") opened on this side of the city. Gates.
The following is a complete list of the gates named in the Bible and by Josephus, with the reference to their occurrence:
Gate of Ephraim. ( kjv@2Chronicles:25:23; kjv@Nehemiah:8:16 kjv@Nehemiah:12:39) This is probably the same as the
Gate of Benjamin. kjv@Jeremiah:20:2 kjv@Jeremiah:37:13; kjv@Zechariah:14:10) If so, it was 400 cubits distant from the
Corner gate. ( kjv@2Chronicles:25:23 kjv@2Chronicles:26:9; kjv@Jeremiah:31:38; kjv@Zechariah:14:10) Gate of Joshua, governor of the city. ( kjv@2Kings:23:8) Gate between the two walls. ( kjv@2Kings:25:4; kjv@Jeremiah:39:4) Horse gate. kjv@Nehemiah:3:28; kjv@2Chronicles:23:15; kjv@Jeremiah:31:40) Ravine gate (i.e. opening on ravine of Hinnom). ( kjv@2Chronicles:26:9; kjv@Nehemiah:2:13-15 kjv@Nehemiah:3:13) Fish gate. ( kjv@2Chronicles:33:14; kjv@Nehemiah:3:13; kjv@Zephaniah:1:10) Dung gate. kjv@Nehemiah:2:13 kjv@Nehemiah:3:13) Sheep gate. kjv@Nehemiah:3:1-32 kjv@Nehemiah:12:39) East gate. kjv@Nehemiah:3:29) Miphkad. kjv@Nehemiah:3:31) Fountain gate (Siloam?). kjv@Nehemiah:12:37) Water gate. kjv@Nehemiah:12:37) Old Gate. kjv@Nehemiah:12:39) Prison gate. kjv@Nehemiah:12:39) Gate Harsith (perhaps the Sun; Authorized Version East gate). kjv@Jeremiah:19:2) First gate. kjv@Zechariah:14:10) Gate Gennath (gardens). Jos B.J. kjv@5:4, - 4. Essenes’ gate. Jos. B.J. 4, - 2. To these should be added the following gates to the temple:
Gate Sur, ( kjv@2Kings:11:6) called also gate of foundation. ( kjv@2Chronicles:23:5) Gate of the guard, or behind the guard, ( kjv@2Kings:11:6 kjv@2Kings:11:19); called the high gate. ( kjv@2Kings:15:35; kjv@2Chronicles:23:20 kjv@2Chronicles:27:3) Gate Shallecheth. ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:16) At present the chief gates are
The Zion’s gate and the dung gate, in the south wall; St. Stephen’s gate and the golden gate (now walled up), in the east wall; The Damascus gate and Herod’s gate, in the north wall; and The Jaffa gate, in the west wall. Population.
Taking the area of the city enclosed by the two old walls at 750,000 yards, and that enclosed by the wall of Agrippa at 1,500,000 yards, we have 2,250,000 yards for the whole. Taking the population of the old city at the probable number of the one person to 50 yards, we have 15,000 and at the extreme limit of 30 yards we should have 25,000 inhabitants for the old city, and at 100 yards to each individual in the new city about 15,000 more; so that the population of Jerusalem, in its days of greatest prosperity, may have amounted to from 30,000 to 45,000 souls, but could hardly ever have reached 50,000; and assuming that in times of festival one-half was added to this amount, which is an extreme estimate, there may have been 60,000 or 70,000 in the city when Titus came up against it. (Josephus says that at the siege of Jerusalem the population was 3,000,000; but Tacitus’ statement that it was 600,000 is nearer the truth. This last is certainly within the limits of possibility. Streets, houses, etc.
Of the nature of these in the ancient city we have only the most scattered notices. The "east street," ( kjv@2Chronicles:29:4) the "street of the city," i.e. the city of David, ( kjv@2Chronicles:32:6) the "street facing the water gate," kjv@Nehemiah:8:1-3) or, according to the parallel account in 1 Esdr. kjv@9:38, the "broad place of the temple towards the east;" the "street of the house of God," kjv@Ezra:10:9) the "street of the gate of Ephraim," kjv@Nehemiah:8:16) and the "open place of the first gate toward the east," must have been not "streets," in our sense of the word, so much as the open spaces found in easter towns round the inside of the gates. Streets, properly so called, there were, kjv@Jeremiah:5:1 kjv@Jeremiah:11:13) etc.; but the name of only one, "the bakers’ street," kjv@Jeremiah:37:21) is preserved to us. The Via Dolorosa, or street of sorrows, is a part of the street thorough which Christ is supposed to have been led on his way to his crucifixion. To the houses we have even less clue; but there is no reason to suppose that in either houses or streets the ancient Jerusalem differed very materially from the modern. No doubt the ancient city did not exhibit that air of mouldering dilapidation which is now so prominent there. The whole of the slopes south of the Haram area (the ancient Ophel), and the modern Zion, and the west side of the valley of Jehoshaphat, presents the appearance of gigantic mounds of rubbish. In this point at least the ancient city stood in favorable contrast with the modern, but in many others the resemblance must have been strong. Annals of the city.
If, as is possible, Salem is the same with Jerusalem, the first mention of Jerusalem is in kjv@Genesis:14:18) about B.C. 2080. It is next mentioned in kjv@Joshua:10:1) B.C. 1451. The first siege appears to have taken place almost immediately after the death of Joshua
cir. 1400 B.C. Judah and Simeon "fought against it and took it, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire." kjv@Judges:1:8) In the fifteen centuries which elapsed between this siege and the siege and destruction of the city by Titus, A.D. 70, the city was besieged no fewer than seventeen times; twice it was razed to the ground, on two other occasions its walls were levelled. In this respect it stands without a parallel in any city, ancient or modern. David captured the city B.C. 1046, and made it his capital, fortified and enlarged it. Solomon adorned the city with beautiful buildings, including the temple, but made no additions to its walls. The city was taken by the Philistines and Arabians in the reign of Jehoram, B.C. 886, and by the Israelites in the reign of Amaziah, B.C. 826. It was thrice taken by Nebuchadnezzar, in the years B.C. 607, 597 and 586, in the last of which it was utterly destroyed. Its restoration commenced under Cyrus, B.C. 538, and was completed under Artaxerxes I., who issued commissions for this purpose to Ezra, B.C. 457, and Nehemiah, B.C. 445. In B.C. 332 it was captured by Alexander the Great. Under the Ptolemies and the Seleucidae the town was prosperous, until Antiochus Epiphanes sacked it, B.C. 170. In consequence of his tyranny, the Jews rose under the Maccabees, and Jerusalem became again independent, and retained its position until its capture by the Romans under Pompey, B.C. 63. The temple was subsequently plundered by Crassus, B.C. 545, and the city by the Parthians, B.C. 40. Herod took up his residence there as soon as he was appointed sovereign, and restored the temple with great magnificence. On the death of Herod it became the residence of the Roman procurators, who occupied the fortress of Antonia. The greatest siege that it sustained, however, was at the hands of the Romans under Titus, when it held out nearly five months, and when the town was completely destroyed, A.D. 70. Hadrian restored it as a Roman colony, A.D. 135, and among other buildings erected a temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on the site of the temple. He gave to it the name of AElia Capitolina, thus combining his own family name with that of the Capitoline Jupiter. The emperor Constantine established the Christian character by the erection of a church on the supposed site of the holy sepulchre, A.D. 336. Justinian added several churches and hospitals about A.D. 532. It was taken by the Persians under Chosroes II in A.D. 614. The dominion of the Christians in the holy city was now rapidly drawing to a close. In A.D. 637 the patriarch Sophronius surrendered to the khalif Omar in person. With the fall of the Abassides the holy city passed into the hands of the Fatimite dynasty, under whom the sufferings of the Christians in Jerusalem reached their height. About the year 1084 it was bestowed upon Ortok, chief of a Turkman horde. It was taken by the Crusaders in 1099, and for eighty-eight years Jerusalem remained in the hand of the Christians. in 1187 it was retaken by Saladin after a siege of several weeks. In 1277 Jerusalem was nominally annexed to the kingdom of Sicily. In 1517 it passed under the sway of the Ottoman sultan Selim I., whose successor Suliman built the present walls of the city in 1542. Mohammed Aly, the pasha of Egypt, took possession of it in 1832; and in 1840, after the bombardment of Acre, it was again restored to the sultan. (Modern Jerusalem , called by the Arabs el
- Khuds , is built upon the ruins of ancient Jerusalem. The accumulated rubbish of centuries is very great, being 100 feet deep on the hill of Zion. The modern wall, built in 1542, forms an irregular quadrangle about 2 1/2 miles in circuit, with seven gates and 34 towers. It varies in height from 20 to 60 feet. The streets within are narrow, ungraded, crooked, and often filthy. The houses are of hewn stone, with flat roofs and frequent domes. There are few windows toward the street. The most beautiful part of modern Jerusalem is the former temple area (Mount Moriah), "with its lawns and cypress tress, and its noble dome rising high above the wall." This enclosure, now called Haram esh
- Sherif , Isaiah:35 acres in extent, and is nearly a mile in circuit. On the site of the ancient temple stands the Mosque of Omar, "perhaps the very noblest specimen of building-art in Asia." "It is the most prominent as well as the most beautiful building in the whole city." The mosque is an octagonal building, each side measuring 66 feet. It is surmounted by a dome, whose top Isaiah:170 feet from the ground. The church of the Holy Sepulchre, which is claimed, but without sufficient reason, to be upon the site of Calvary, is "a collection of chapels and altars of different ages and a unique museum of religious curiosities from Adam to Christ." The present number of inhabitants in Jerusalem is variously estimated. Probably Pierotti’s estimate is very near the truth,
20,330; of whom 5068 are Christians, 7556 Mohammedans (Arabs and Turks), and 7706 Jews.
ED.)
JERUSHA
- J>@ - (possessed), daughter of Zadok and queen of Uzziah. ( kjv@2Kings:15:33) (B.C. 806.)
JERUSHAH
- J>@ - (possessed). ( kjv@2Chronicles:27:1) The same as the preceding.
JESAIAH
- J>@ - (salvation of Jehovah). Son of Hananiah, brother of Pelatiah and grandson of Zerubbabel. ( kjv@1Chronicles:3:21) (B.C. after 536.)
JESHAIAH
- J>@ - (salvation of Jehovah). One of the six sons of Jeduthun. ( kjv@1Chronicles:25:3 kjv@1Chronicles:25:15) (B.C. 1014.) A Levite in the reign of David, eldest son of Rehabiah, a descendant of Amram through Moses. ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:25) ISSHIAH (B.C. before 1014.) The son of Athaliah, and chief of the house of Bene
- Elam who returned with Ezra. kjv@Ezra:8:7) JOSIAS (B.C. 459.) A Merarite who returned with Ezra. kjv@Ezra:8:19)
JESHANAH
- J>@ - (old), a town which, with its dependent villages, was one of the three taken from Jeroboam by Abijah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:13:19)
JESHARELAH
- J>@ - (right before God), son of Asaph, and head of the seventh of the twenty-four wards into which the musicians of the Levites were divided. ( kjv@1Chronicles:25:14) ASARELAH (B.C. 1014).
JESHEBEAB
- J>@ - (father’s seat), head of the fourteenth course of priests. ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:13) JEHOIARIB
JESHER
- J>@ - (uprightness), one of the sons of Caleb the son of Hezron by his wife Azubah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:18) (B.C. before 1491).
JESHIMON
- J>@ - (a wilderness), a name which occurs in kjv@Numbers:21:20) and Numb 23:28 In designating the position of Pisgah and Peor; both described as "facing the Jeshimon." Perhaps the dreary, barren waste of hills lying immediately on the west of the Dead Sea.
JESHISHAI
- J>@ - (descended from an old man), one of the ancestors of the Gadites who dwelt in Gilead. ( kjv@1Chronicles:5:14)
JESHOHAIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah casts down), a chief of the Simeonites, descended from Shimei. ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:36) (B.C. about 711.)
JESHUA
- J>@ - (a saviour), another form of the name of Joshua of Jesus. Joshua the son of Nun. kjv@Nehemiah:8:17) JOSHUA A priest in the reign of David, to whom the nine course fell by David, to whom the ninth course fell by lot. ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:11) (B.C. 1014.) One of the Levites in the reign of Hezekiah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:31:15) (B.C. 726.) Son of Jehozadak, first high priest after the Babylonish captivity, B.C. 536. Jeshua was probably born in Babylon, whither his father Jehozadak had been taken captive while young. ( kjv@1Chronicles:6:15) Authorized Version. He came up from Babylon in the first year of Cyrus, with Zerubbabel, and took a leading part with him in the rebuilding of the temple and the restoration of the Jewish commonwealth. The two prophecies concerning him in kjv@Zechariah:3:1) ... and kjv@Zechariah:6:9-15 Point him out as an eminent type of Christ. Head of a Levitical house, one of those which returned from the Babylonish captivity. kjv@Ezra:2:40 kjv@Ezra:3:9; kjv@Nehemiah:3:19 kjv@Nehemiah:8:7 kjv@Nehemiah:9:4 -5; 12:8) etc. A branch of the family of Pahath-moab, one of the chief families, probably, of the tribe of Judah. kjv@Nehemiah:10:14 kjv@Nehemiah:7:11) etc.; kjv@Ezra:10:30
JESHUA
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah helps), one of the towns reinhabited by the people of Judah after the return from captivity. kjv@Nehemiah:11:26) It is not mentioned elsewhere.
JESHUAH
- J>@ - a priest in the reign of David, ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:11) the same as JESHUA, No. 2. (B.C. 1014.)
JESHURUN
- J>@ - (supremely happy), and once by mistake in Authorized Version JESURUN, kjv@Isaiah:44:2) a symbolical name for Israel in (32:15; 33:5,26; kjv@Isaiah:44:2) It is most probably derived from a root signifying "to be blessed." With the intensive termination Jeshurun would then denote Israel as supremely happy or prosperous, and to this signification the context in (32:15) points.
JESIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah lends). A Korhite, one of the mighty men who joined David’s standard at Ziklag. ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:6) (B.C. 1055.) The second son of Uzziel, the son of Kohath. ( kjv@1Chronicles:23:20)
JESIMIEL
- J>@ - (whom God makes), a Simeonite chief of the family of Shimei. ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:36) (B.C. about 711.)
JESSE
- J>@ - (wealthy), the father of David, was the son of Obed, who again was the fruit of the union of Boaz and the Moabitess Ruth. His great-grandmother was Rahab the Canaanite, of Jericho. kjv@Matthew:1:5) Jesse’s genealogy is twice given in full in the Old Testament, viz., kjv@Ruth:4:18-22) and 1Chr 2:5-12 He is commonly designated as "Jesse the Bethlehemite," ( kjv@1Samuel:16:1 kjv@1Samuel:16:18 kjv@1Samuel:17:58) but his full title is "the Ephrathite of Bethlehem Judah." ch. ( kjv@1Samuel:17:12) He is an "old man" when we first meet with him, ( kjv@1Samuel:17:12) with eight sons, ch. ( kjv@1Samuel:16:10 kjv@1Samuel:17:12) residing at Bethlehem. ch ( kjv@1Samuel:16:4-5) Jesse’s wealth seems to have consisted of a flock of sheep and goats, which were under the care of David. ch. ( kjv@1Samuel:16:11 kjv@1Samuel:17:34-35) After David’s rupture with Saul he took his father and his mother into the country of Moab and deposited them with the king, and there they disappear from our view in the records of Scripture. (B.C. 1068-61.) Who the wife of Jesse was we are not told.
JESUI
- J>@ - (even, level), the son of Asher, whose descendants the Jesuites were numbered in the plains of Moab at the Jordan of Jericho. kjv@Numbers:26:44) (B.C. 1451.) He is elsewhere called ISUI, kjv@Genesis:46:17) and ISHUAI. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:30)
JESUITES
- J>@ - (the posterity of Jesui), The, a family of the tribe of Asher. kjv@Numbers:26:44)
JESURUN
- J>@ - JESHURUN
JESUS
- J>@ - (saviour). The Greek form of the name Joshua or Jeshua, a contraction of Jehoshua, that is, "help of Jehovah" or "saviour." kjv@Numbers:13:16) Joshua the son of Nun. kjv@Numbers:27:18; kjv@Hebrews:4:8) JEHOSHUA
JESUS THE SON OF SIRACH
- J>@ - ECCLESIASTICUS
JESUS
- J>@ - called Jestus, a Christian who was with St. Paul at Rome. kjv@Colossians:4:11) (A.D. 57.)
JESUS CHRIST
- J>@ - "The life and character of Jesus Christ," says Dr. Schaff, "is the holy of holies in the history of the world." NAME.
The name Jesus signifies saviour . It is the Greek form of JEHOSHUA (Joshua). The name Christ signifies anointed. Jesus was both priest and king. Among the Jews priests were anointed, as their inauguration to their office. ( kjv@1Chronicles:16:22) In the New Testament the name Christ is used as equivalent to the Hebrew Messiah (anointed), kjv@John:1:41) the name given to the long-promised Prophet and King whom the Jews had been taught by their prophets to expect. kjv@Matthew:11:3; kjv@Acts:19:4) The use of this name, as applied to the Lord, has always a reference to the promises of the prophets. The name of Jesus is the proper name of our Lord, and that of Christ is added to identify him with the promised Messiah. Other names are sometimes added to the names Jesus Christ, thus, "Lord," "a king," "King of Israel," "Emmanuel," "Son of David," "chosen of God." II. BIRTH.
Jesus Christ was born of the Virgin Mary, God being his father, at Bethlehem of Judea, six miles south of Jerusalem. The date of his birth was most probably in December, B.C. 5, four years before the era from which we count our years. That era was not used till several hundred years after Christ. The calculations were made by a learned monk, Dionysius Exiguus, in the sixth century, who made an error of four years; so that to get the exact date from the birth of Christ we must add four years to our usual dates; i.e. A.D. 1882 is really 1886 years since the birth of Christ. It is also more than likely that our usual date for Christmas, December 25, is not far from the real date of Christ’s birth. Since the 25th of December comes when the longest night gives way to the returning sun on his triumphant march, it makes an appropriate anniversary to make the birth of him who appeared in the darkest night of error and sin as the true Light of the world. At the time of Christ’s birth Augustus Caesar was emperor of Rome, and Herod the Great king of Judea, but subject of Rome. God’s providence had prepared the world for the coming of Christ, and this was the fittest time in all its history. All the world was subject to one government, so that the apostles could travel everywhere: the door of every land was open for the gospel. The world was at peace, so that the gospel could have free course. The Greek language was spoken everywhere with their other languages. The Jews were scattered everywhere with synagogues and Bibles. III. EARLY LIFE.
Jesus, having a manger at Bethlehem for his cradle, received a visit of adoration from the three wise men of the East. At forty days old he was taken to the temple at Jerusalem; and returning to Bethlehem, was soon taken to Egypt to escape Herod’s massacre of the infants there. After a few months stay there, Herod having died in April, B.C. 4, the family returned to their Nazareth home, where Jesus lived till he was about thirty years old, subject to his parent, and increasing "in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man." The only incident recorded of his early life is his going up to Jerusalem to attend the passover when he was twelve years old, and his conversation with the learned men in the temple. But we can understand the childhood and youth of Jesus better when we remember the surrounding influences amid which he grew. The natural scenery was rugged and mountainous, but full of beauty. He breathed the pure air. He lived in a village, not in a city. The Roman dominion was irksome and galling. The people of God were subject to a foreign yoke. The taxes were heavy. Roman soldiers, laws, money, every reminded them of their subjection, when they ought to be free and themselves the rulers of the world. When Jesus was ten years old, there was a great insurrection, kjv@Acts:5:37) in Galilee. He who was to be King of the Jews heard and felt all this. The Jewish hopes of a Redeemer, of throwing off their bondage, of becoming the glorious nation promised in the prophet, were in the very air he breathed. The conversation at home and in the streets was full of them. Within his view, and his boyish excursions, were many remarkable historic places,
rivers, hills, cities, plains,
that would keep in mind the history of his people and God’s dealings with them. His school training. Mr. Deutsch, in the Quarterly Review, says, "Eighty years before Christ, schools flourished throughout the length and the breadth of the land: education had been made compulsory. While there is not a single term for ’school’ to be found before the captivity, there were by that time about a dozen in common usage. Here are a few of the innumerable popular sayings of the period: ’Jerusalem was destroyed because the instruction of the young was neglected.’ ’The world is only saved by the breath of the school-children.’ ’Even for the rebuilding of the temple the schools must not be interrupted.’" His home training. According to Ellicott, the stages of Jewish childhood were marked as follows: "At three the boy was weaned, and word for the first time the fringed or tasselled garment prescribed by kjv@Numbers:15:38-41) and kjv@Deuteronomy:22:12 His education began at first under the mother’s care. At five he was to learn the law, at first by extracts written on scrolls of the more important passages, the Shema or creed of (2:4) the Hallel or festival psalms, Psal 114, 118, 136, and by catechetical teaching in school. At twelve he became more directly responsible for his obedience of the law; and on the day when he attained the age of thirteen, put on for the first time the phylacteries which were worn at the recital of his daily prayer." In addition to this, Jesus no doubt learned the carpenter’s trade of his reputed father Joseph, and, as Joseph probably died before Jesus began his public ministry, he may have contributed to the support of his mother. (IV. PUBLIC MINISTRY.
All the leading events recorded of Jesus’ life are given at the end of this volume in the Chronological Chart and in the Chronological Table of the life of Christ; so that here will be given only a general survey. Jesus began to enter upon his ministry when he was "about thirty years old;" that is, he was not very far from thirty, older or younger. He is regarded as nearly thirty-one by Andrews (in the tables of chronology referred to above) and by most others. Having been baptized by John early in the winter of 26-27, he spent the larger portion of his year in Judea and about the lower Jordan, till in December he went northward to Galilee through Samaria. The next year and a half, from December, A.D. 27, to October or November, A.D. 29, was spent in Galilee and norther Palestine, chiefly in the vicinity of the Sea of Galilee. In November, 29, Jesus made his final departure from Galilee, and the rest of his ministry was in Judea and Perea, beyond Jordan, till his crucifixion, April 7, A.D. 30. After three days he proved his divinity by rising from the dead; and after appearing on eleven different occasions to his disciples during forty days, he finally ascended to heaven, where he is the living, ever present, all-powerful Saviour of his people. Jesus Christ, being both human and divine, is fitted to be the true Saviour of men. In this, as in every action and character, he is shown to be "the wisdom and power of God unto salvation." As human, he reaches down to our natures, sympathizes with us, shows us that God knows all our feelings and weaknesses and sorrows and sins, brings God near to us, who otherwise could not realize the Infinite and Eternal as a father and friend. He is divine, in order that he may be an all-powerful, all-loving Saviour, able and willing to defend us from every enemy, to subdue all temptations, to deliver from all sin, and to bring each of his people, and the whole Church, into complete and final victory. Jesus Christ is the centre of the world’s history, as he is the centre of the Bible.
ED.)
JETHER
- J>@ - (his excellence). Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses. kjv@Exodus:4:18) (B.C. 1530.) The first-born of Gideon’s seventy sons. kjv@Judges:8:20) (B.C. 1256.) The father of Amasa, captain-general of Absalom’s army. (B.C. 1023.) Jether is another form of ITHRA. (2 Samuel 17:25) He is described in ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:17) as an Ishmaelite, which again is more likely to be correct than the "Israelite" of the Hebrew in (2 Samuel 17:1) ... The son of Jada, a descendant of Hezron, of the tribe of Judah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:32) The son of Ezra. ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:32) The chief of a family of warriors of the line of Asher, and father of Jephunneh. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:38) He is probably the same as ITHRAN in the preceding verse.
JETHETH
- J>@ - (a nail), one of the "dukes" who came of Esau. kjv@Genesis:36:40; kjv@1Chronicles:1:51)
JETHLAH
- J>@ - (height), one of the cities of the tribe of Dan. kjv@Joshua:19:42)
JETHRO
- J>@ - (his excellence) was priest or prince of Midian. Moses married his daughter Zipporah. (B.C. 1530.) On account if his local knowledge he was entreated to remain with the Israelites throughout their journey to Canaan. kjv@Numbers:10:31-33) (He is called RAGUEL, OR REUEL, REUEL in kjv@Exodus:2:18) And RAGUEL, OR REUEL in kjv@Numbers:10:29), The same word int he original for both). Reuel is probably his proper name, and Jethro his official title.
ED.)
JETUR
- J>@ - (an enclosure). kjv@Genesis:25:15; kjv@1Chronicles:1:31 kjv@1Chronicles:5:19) ITURAEA
JEUEL
- J>@ - a chief man of Judah, one of the Bene
- Zerah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:9:6) comp. 1Chr 9:2 JEIEL
JEUSH
- J>@ - (assembler). Son of Esau by Aholiabamah the daughter of Anah, the son of Zebeon the Hivite. kjv@Genesis:36:6 kjv@Genesis:36:14,18; kjv@1Chronicles:1:35) (B.C. after 1797.) A Benjamite, son of Bilhah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:10-11) A Gershonite Levite, of the house of Shimei. ( kjv@1Chronicles:23:10-11) (B.C. 1014.) Son of Rehoboam king of Judah. ( kjv@2Chronicles:11:18-19) (B.C. after 97.)
JEUZ
- J>@ - (counsellor), head of a Benjamite house. ( kjv@1Chronicles:8:10)
JEW
- J>@ - (a man of Judea). This name was properly applied to a member of the kingdom of Judah after the separation of the ten tribes. The term first makes its appearance just before the captivity of the ten tribes. The term first makes it appearance just before the captivity of the ten tribes. ( kjv@2Kings:16:6) After the return the word received a larger application. Partly from the predominance of the members of the old kingdom of Judah among those who returned to Palestine, partly from the identification of Judah with the religious ideas and hopes of the people, all the members of the new state were called Jews (Judeans) and the name was extended to the remnants of the race scattered throughout the nations. Under the name of "Judeans" the people of Israel were known to classical writers. (Tac. H. kjv@5:2, etc.) The force of the title "Jew" is seen particularly in the Gospel of St. John, who very rarely uses any other term to describe the opponents of our Lord. At an earlier stage of the progress of the faith it was contrasted with Greek as implying an outward covenant with God, kjv@Romans:1:16 kjv@Romans:2:9-10; kjv@Colossians:3:11) etc., which was the correlative of Hellenist HELLENIST, and marked a division of language subsisting within the entire body, and at the same time less expressive than Israelite , which brought out with especial clearness the privileges and hopes of the children of Jacob. ( kjv@2Corinthians:11:22; kjv@John:1:47)
JEWEL
- J>@ - STONES, PRECIOUS, PRECIOUS
JEWESS
- J>@ - a woman of Hebrew birth, without distinction of tribe. kjv@Acts:16:1 kjv@Acts:24:24)
JEWISH
- J>@ - of or belonging to Jews; an epithet applied to their rabbinical legends. kjv@Titus:1:14)
JEWRY
- J>@ - (the country of Judea), the same word elsewhere rendered Judah and Judea. It occurs several times in the Apocalypse and the New Testament, but once only in the Old Testament
kjv@Daniel:5:13) Jewry comes to us through the Norman
- French, and is of frequent occurrence in Old English.
JEZANIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah hears), the son of Hoshaiah the Maachathite, and one of the captains of the forces who had escaped from Jerusalem during the final attack of the beleaguering army of the Chaldeans. (B.C. 588.) When the Babylonians had departed, Jezaniah, with the men under his command, was one of the first who returned to Gedaliah at Mizpah. In the events which followed the assassination of that officer Jezaniah took a prominent part. ( kjv@2Kings:25:23; kjv@Jeremiah:40:8 kjv@Jeremiah:42:1 kjv@Jeremiah:43:2 )
JEZEBEL
- J>@ - (chaste), wife of Ahab king of Israel. (B.C. 883.) She was a Phoenician princess, daughter of Ethbaal king of the Zidonians. In her hands her husband became a mere puppet. (Kings:21:25) The first effect of her influence was the immediate establishment of the Phoenician worship on a grand scale in the court of Ahab. At her table were supported no less than 450 prophets of Baal and 400 of Eastward. (Kings:16:31-21; 18:19) The prophets of Jehovah were attacked by her orders and put to the sword. (Kings:18:13; kjv@2Kings:9:7) At last the people, at the instigation of Elijah, rose against her ministers and slaughtered them at the foot of Carmel. When she found her husband east down by his disappointment at being thwarted by Naboth, (Kings:21:7) she wrote a warrant in Ahab’s name, and sealed it with his seal. To her, and not to Ahab, was sent the announcement that the royal wishes were accomplished, (Kings:21:14) and on her accordingly fell the prophet’s curse, as well as on her husband, (Kings:21:23) a curse fulfilled so literally by Jehu, whose chariot-horses trampled out her life. The body was left in that open space called in modern eastern language "the mounds," where offal is thrown from the city walls. ( kjv@2Kings:9:30-37)
JEZER
- J>@ - (power), the third son of Naphtali, kjv@Genesis:46:24; kjv@Numbers:26:49; kjv@1Chronicles:7:13) and father of the family of Jezerites.
JEZIAH
- J>@ - (whom Jehovah expiates), a descendant of Parosh, who had married a foreign wife. kjv@Ezra:10:25)
JEZIEL
- J>@ - (the assembly of God), a Benjamite who joined David at Ziklag. ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:3) (B.C. 1055.)
JEZLIAH
- J>@ - (whom God will preserve), a Benjamite of the sons of Elpaal. ( kjv@1Chronicles:8:18) (B.C. 588.)
JEZOAR
- J>@ - (whiteness), the son of Helah, one of the wives of Asher. ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:7)
JEZRAHIAH
- J>@ - (produced by Jehovah), a Levite, the leader of the choristers at the solemn dedication of the wall of Jerusalem under Nehemiah. kjv@Nehemiah:12:42) (B.C. 446.)
JEZREEL
- J>@ - (seed of God), a descendant of the father or founder of Etam, of the line of Judah. ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:3) (B.C. about 1445).
JEZREEL
- J>@ - A city situated in the plain of the same name between Gilboa and Little Hermon, now generally called Esdraelon. ESDRAELON It appears in kjv@Joshua:19:18) but its historical importance dates from the reign of Ahab, B.C. 918-897, who chose it for his chief residence. The situation of the modern village of Zerin still remains to show the fitness of his choice. Int he neighborhood, or within the town probably, were a temple and grove of Eastward, with an establishment of 400 priests supported by Jezebel. (Kings:16:33; kjv@2Kings:10:11) The palace of Ahab, (Kings:21:1; 18:46) probably containing his "ivory house," (Kings:22:39) was on the eastern side of the city, forming part of the city wall. Comp. (Kings:21:1; kjv@2Kings:9:25 kjv@2Kings:9:30,33) Whether the vineyard of Naboth was here or at Samaria is a doubtful question. Still in the same eastern direction are two springs, one 12 minutes from the town, the other 20 minutes. The latter, probably from both its size and its situation, was known as "the spring of Jezreel." With the fall of the house of Ahab the glory of Jezreel departed. A town in Judah, in the neighborhood of the southern Carmel. kjv@Joshua:15:56) Here David in his wanderings took Ahinoam the Israelites for his first wife. ( kjv@1Samuel:27:3 kjv@1Samuel:30:5) The eldest son of the prophet Hosea. kjv@Hosea:1:4)
JEZREELITESS
- J>@ - a woman of Jezreel. ( kjv@1Samuel:27:3 kjv@1Samuel:30:5; 2 Samuel kjv@2:2; 3:2; kjv@1Chronicles:3:1)
easton:
Jealousy @ suspicion of a wife's purity, one of the strongest passions kjv@Numbers:5:14; kjv@Proverbs:6:34; Cant. 8:6); also an intense interest for another's honour or prosperity kjv@Psalms:79:5; kjv@1Corinthians:10:22; kjv@Zechariah:1:14).
Jealousy offering @ the name of the offering the husband was to bring when he charged his wife with adultery kjv@Numbers:5:11-15).
Jealousy, Image of @ an idolatrous object, seen in vision by Ezekiel kjv@Ezekiel:8:3-5), which stood in the priests' or inner court of the temple. Probably identical with the statue of Astarte ( kjv@2Kings:21:7).
Jealousy, Waters of @ water which the suspected wife was required to drink, so that the result might prove her guilt or innocence kjv@Numbers:5:12-17, 27). We have no record of this form of trial having been actually resorted to.
Jearim @ forests, a mountain on the border of Judah kjv@Joshua:15:10).
Jebus @ trodden hard, or fastness, or "the waterless hill", the name of the Canaanitish city which stood on Mount Zion kjv@Joshua:15:8 kjv@Joshua:18:16 kjv@Joshua:18:28). It is identified with Jerusalem (q.v.) in kjv@Judges:19:10, and with the castle or city of David ( kjv@1Chronicles:11:4-5). It was a place of great natural strength, and its capture was one of David's most brilliant achievements ( kjv@2Samuel:5:8).
Jebusites @ the name of the original inhabitants of Jebus, mentioned frequently among the seven nations doomed to destruction kjv@Genesis:10:16 kjv@Genesis:15:21; kjv@Exodus:3:8 kjv@Exodus:3:17 kjv@Exodus:13:5, etc.). At the time of the arrival of the Israelites in Palestine they were ruled by Adonizedek kjv@Joshua:10:1-23). They were defeated by Joshua, and their king was slain; but they were not entirely driven out of Jebus till the time of David, who made it the capital of his kingdom instead of Hebron. The site on which the temple was afterwards built belonged to Araunah, a Jebusite, from whom it was purchased by David, who refused to accept it as a free gift ( kjv@2Samuel:24:16-25; kjv@1Chronicles:21:24-25).
Jecoliah @ able through Jehovah, the wife of King Amaziah, and mother of King Uzziah ( kjv@2Chronicals:26:3).
Jedaiah @
(1.) Invoker of Jehovah. The son of Shimri, a chief Simeonite ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:37).
(2.) One of those who repaired the walls of Jerusalem after the return from Babylon kjv@Nehemiah:3:10).
(3.) Knowing Jehovah. The chief of one of the courses of the priests ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:7).
(4.) A priest in Jerusalem after the Exile ( kjv@1Chronicles:9:10).
Jediael @ known by God.
(1.) One of the sons of Benjamin, whose descendants numbered 17,200 warriors ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:6 kjv@1Chronicles:7:10, 11).
(2.) A Shimrite, one of David's bodyguard ( kjv@1Chronicles:11:45). Probably same as in 12:20.
(3.) A Korhite of the family of Ebiasaph, and one of the gate-keepers to the temple ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:2).
Jedidiah @ beloved by Jehovah, the name which, by the mouth of Nathan, the Lord gave to Solomon at his birth as a token of the divine favour ( kjv@2Samuel:12:25).
Jeduthun @ lauder; praising, a Levite of the family of Merari, and one of the three masters of music appointed by David ( kjv@1Chronicles:16:41-42 kjv@1Chronicles:25:1-6). He is called in kjv@2Chronicals:35:15 "the king's seer." His descendants are mentioned as singers and players on instruments kjv@Nehemiah:11:17). He was probably the same as Ethan ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:17-19). In the superscriptions to Psalms:39,62, and 77, the words "upon Jeduthun" probably denote a musical instrument; or they may denote the style or tune invented or introduced by Jeduthun, or that the psalm was to be sung by his choir.
Jegar-sahadutha @ pile of testimony, the Aramaic or Syriac name which Laban gave to the pile of stones erected as a memorial of the covenant between him and Jacob kjv@Genesis:31:47), who, however, called it in Hebrew by an equivalent name, Galeed (q.v.).
Jehaleleel @ praiser of God.
(1.) A descendant of Judah ( kjv@1Chronicles:4:16).
(2.) A Levite of the family of Merari ( kjv@2Chronicals:29:12).
Jehdeiah @ rejoicer in Jehovah.
(1.) One of the Levitical attendants at the temple, a descendant of Shubael ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:20).
(2.) A Meronothite, herdsman of the asses under David and Solomon ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:30).
Jehiel @ God's living one.
(1.) The father of Gibeon ( kjv@1Chronicles:9:35).
(2.) One of David's guard ( kjv@1Chronicles:11:44).
(3.) One of the Levites "of the second degree," appointed to conduct the music on the occasion of the ark's being removed to Jerusalem ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:18-20).
(4.) A Hachmonite, a tutor in the family of David toward the close of his reign ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:32).
(5.) The second of Jehoshaphat's six sons ( kjv@2Chronicals:21:2).
(6.) One of the Levites of the family of Heman who assisted Hezekiah in his work of reformation ( kjv@2Chronicals:29:14).
(7.) A "prince" and "ruler of the house of God" who contributed liberally to the renewal of the temple sacrifices under Josiah ( kjv@2Chronicals:35:8).
(8.) The father of Obadiah kjv@Ezra:8:9).
(9.) One of the "sons" of Elam kjv@Ezra:10:26).
(10.) kjv@Ezra:10:21.
Jehizkiah @ Jehovah strengthens, one of the chiefs of Ephraim ( kjv@2Chronicals:28:12).
Jehoaddan @ Jehovah his ornament, the wife of King Jehoash, and mother of King Amaziah ( kjv@2Kings:14:2).
Jehoahaz @ Jehovah his sustainer, or he whom Jehovah holdeth.
(1.) The youngest son of Jehoram, king of Judah ( kjv@2Chronicals:21:17 kjv@2Chronicals:22:1 kjv@2Chronicals:22:6, 8, 9); usually Ahaziah (q.v.).
(2.) The son and successor of Jehu, king of Israel ( kjv@2Kings:10:35). He reigned seventeen years, and followed the evil ways of the house of Jeroboam. The Syrians, under Hazael and Benhadad, prevailed over him, but were at length driven out of the land by his son Jehoash (13:1-9, 25).
(3.) Josiah's third son, usually called Shallum ( kjv@1Chronicles:3:15). He succeeded his father on the throne, and reigned over Judah for three months ( kjv@2Kings:23:31-34). He fell into the idolatrous ways of his predecessors (23:32), was deposed by Pharaoh
- Necho from the throne, and carried away prisoner into Egypt, where he died in captivity (23:33-34; kjv@Jeremiah:22:10-12; kjv@2Chronicals:36:1-4).
Jehoash @ Jehovah-given.
(1.) The son of King Ahaziah. While yet an infant, he was saved from the general massacre of the family by his aunt Jehosheba, and was apparently the only surviving descendant of Solomon ( kjv@2Chronicals:21:4 kjv@2Chronicals:21:17). His uncle, the high priest Jehoiada, brought him forth to public notice when he was eight years of age, and crowned and anointed him king of Judah with the usual ceremonies. Athaliah was taken by surprise when she heard the shout of the people, "Long live the king;" and when she appeared in the temple, Jehoiada commanded her to be led forth to death ( kjv@2Kings:11:13-20). While the high priest lived, Jehoash favoured the worship of God and observed the law; but on his death he fell away into evil courses, and the land was defiled with idolatry. Zechariah, the son and successor of the high priest, was put to death. These evil deeds brought down on the land the judgement of God, and it was oppressed by the Syrian invaders. He is one of the three kings omitted by Matthew (1:8) in the genealogy of Christ, the other two being Ahaziah and Amaziah. He was buried in the city of David ( kjv@2Kings:12:21). (
See JOASH 4.)
(2.) The son and successor of Jehoahaz, king of Israel ( kjv@2Kings:14:1; comp. 12:1; 13:10). When he ascended the throne the kingdom was suffering from the invasion of the Syrians. Hazael "was cutting Israel short." He tolerated the worship of the golden calves, yet seems to have manifested a character of sincere devotion to the God of his fathers. He held the prophet Elisha in honour, and wept by his bedside when he was dying, addressing him in the words Elisha himself had used when Elijah was carried up into heaven: "O my father, my father, the chariot of Israel and the horsemen thereof." He was afterwards involved in war with Amaziah, the king of Judah ( kjv@2Chronicals:25:23-24), whom he utterly defeated at Beth-shemesh, on the borders of Dan and Philistia, and advancing on Jerusalem, broke down a portion of the wall, and carried away the treasures of the temple and the palace. He soon after died (B.C. 825), and was buried in Samaria ( kjv@2Kings:14:1-17, 19, 20). He was succeeded by his son. (
See JOASH [5.].)
Jehohanan @ Jehovah-granted, Jeroboam II.
(1.) A Korhite, the head of one of the divisions of the temple porters ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:3).
(2.) One of Jehoshaphat's "captains" ( kjv@2Chronicals:17:15).
(3.) The father of Azariah ( kjv@2Chronicals:28:12).
(4.) The son of Tobiah, an enemy of the Jews kjv@Nehemiah:6:18).
(5.) kjv@Nehemiah:12:42.
(6.) kjv@Nehemiah:12:13.
Jehoiachin @ succeeded his father Jehoiakin (B.C. 599) when only eight years of age, and reigned for one hundred days ( kjv@2Chronicals:36:9). He is also called Jeconiah kjv@Jeremiah:24:1 kjv@Jeremiah:27:20, etc.), and Coniah (22:24; 37:1). He was succeeded by his uncle, Mattaniah = Zedekiah (q.v.). He was the last direct heir to the Jewish crown. He was carried captive to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar, along with the flower of the nobility, all the leading men in Jerusalem, and a great body of the general population, some thirteen thousand in all ( kjv@2Kings:24:12-16; kjv@Jeremiah:52:28). After an imprisonment of thirty-seven years kjv@Jeremiah:52:31-33), he was liberated by Evil-merodach, and permitted to occupy a place in the king's household and sit at his table, receiving "every day a portion until the day of his death, all the days of his life" (52:32-34).
Jehoiada @ Jehovah-known.
(1.) The father of Benaiah, who was one of David's chief warriors ( kjv@2Samuel:8:18 kjv@2Samuel:20:23).
(2.) The high priest at the time of Athaliah's usurpation of the throne of Judah. He married Jehosheba, or Jehoshabeath, the daughter of king Jehoram ( kjv@2Chronicals:22:11), and took an active part along with his wife in the preservation and training of Jehoash when Athaliah slew all the royal family of Judah. The plans he adopted in replacing Jehoash on the throne of his ancestors are described in kjv@2Kings:11:2 kjv@2Kings:12:2; kjv@2Chronicals:22:11 kjv@2Chronicals:23:24. He was among the foremost of the benefactors of the kingdom, and at his death was buried in the city of David among the kings of Judah ( kjv@2Chronicals:24:15-16). He is said to have been one hundred and thirty years old.
Jehoiakim @ he whom Jehovah has set up, the second son of Josiah, and eighteenth king of Judah, which he ruled over for eleven years (B.C. 610-599). His original name was Eliakim (q.v.). On the death of his father his younger brother Jehoahaz (=Shallum, kjv@Jeremiah:22:11), who favoured the Chaldeans against the Egyptians, was made king by the people; but the king of Egypt, Pharaoh-necho, invaded the land and deposed Jehoahaz ( kjv@2Kings:23:33-34; kjv@Jeremiah:22:10-12), setting Eliakim on the throne in his stead, and changing his name to Jehoiakim. After this the king of Egypt took no part in Jewish politics, having been defeated by the Chaldeans at Carchemish ( kjv@2Kings:24:7; kjv@Jeremiah:46:2). Palestine was now invaded and conquered by Nebuchadnezzar. Jehoiakim was taken prisoner and carried captive to Babylon ( kjv@2Chronicals:36:6-7). It was at this time that Daniel also and his three companions were taken captive to Babylon kjv@Daniel:1:1-2). Nebuchadnezzar reinstated Jehoiakim on his throne, but treated him as a vassal king. In the year after this, Jeremiah caused his prophecies to be read by Baruch in the court of the temple. Jehoiakim, hearing of this, had them also read in the royal palace before himself. The words displeased him, and taking the roll from the hands of Baruch he cut it in pieces and threw it into the fire kjv@Jeremiah:36:23). During his disastrous reign there was a return to the old idolatry and corruption of the days of Manasseh. After three years of subjection to Babylon, Jehoiakim withheld his tribute and threw off the yoke ( kjv@2Kings:24:1), hoping to make himself independent. Nebuchadnezzar sent bands of Chaldeans, Syrians, and Ammonites ( kjv@2Kings:24:2) to chastise his rebellious vassal. They cruelly harassed the whole country (comp. kjv@Jeremiah:49:1-6). The king came to a violent death, and his body having been thrown over the wall of Jerusalem, to convince the beseieging army that he was dead, after having been dragged away, was buried beyond the gates of Jerusalem "with the burial of an ass," B.C. 599 kjv@Jeremiah:22:18-19 kjv@Jeremiah:36:30). Nebuchadnezzar placed his son Jehoiachin on the throne, wishing still to retain the kingdom of Judah as tributary to him.
Jehoiarib @ Jehovah defends, a priest at Jerusalem, head of one of the sacerdotal courses ( kjv@1Chronicles:9:10 kjv@1Chronicles:24:7). His "course" went up from Babylon after the Exile kjv@Ezra:2:36-39; kjv@Nehemiah:7:39-42).
Jehonadab @ Jehovah is liberal; or, whom Jehovah impels.
(1.) A son of Shimeah, and nephew of David. It was he who gave the fatal wicked advice to Amnon, the heir to the throne ( kjv@2Samuel:13:3-6). He was very "subtil," but unprincipled.
(2.) A son of Rechab, the founder of a tribe who bound themselves by a vow to abstain from wine kjv@Jeremiah:35:6-19). There were different settlements of Rechabites kjv@Judges:1:16 kjv@Judges:4:11; kjv@1Chronicles:2:55). (
See RECHABITE.) His interview and alliance with Jehu are mentioned in kjv@2Kings:10:15-23. He went with Jehu in his chariot to Samaria.
Jehonathan @ whom Jehovah gave.
(1.) One of the stewards of David's store-houses ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:25).
(2.) A Levite who taught the law to the people of Judah ( kjv@2Chronicals:17:8).
(3.) kjv@Nehemiah:12:18.
Jehoram @ Jehovah-exalted.
(1.) Son of Toi, king of Hamath, sent by his father to congratulate David on the occasion of his victory over Hadadezer ( kjv@2Samuel:8:10).
(2.) A Levite of the family of Gershom ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:25).
(3.) A priest sent by Jehoshaphat to instructruct the people in Judah ( kjv@2Chronicals:17:8).
(4.) The son of Ahab and Jezebel, and successor to his brother Ahaziah on the throne of Israel. He reigned twelve years, B.C. 896-884 ( kjv@2Kings:1:17 kjv@2Kings:3:1). His first work was to reduce to subjection the Moabites, who had asserted their independence in the reign of his brother. Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, assisted Jehoram in this effort. He was further helped by his ally the king of Edom. Elisha went forth with the confederated army ( kjv@2Kings:3:1-19), and at the solicitation of Jehoshaphat encouraged the army with the assurance from the Lord of a speedy victory. The Moabites under Mesha their king were utterly routed and their cities destroyed. At Kir-haraseth Mesha made a final stand. The Israelites refrained from pressing their victory further, and returned to their own land. Elisha afterwards again befriended Jehoram when a war broke out between the Syrians and Israel, and in a remarkable way brought that war to a bloodless close ( kjv@2Kings:6:23). But Jehoram, becoming confident in his own power, sank into idolatry, and brought upon himself and his land another Syrian invasion, which led to great suffering and distress in Samaria ( kjv@2Kings:6:24-33). By a remarkable providential interposition the city was saved from utter destruction, and the Syrians were put to flight ( kjv@2Kings:7:6-15). Jehoram was wounded in a battle with the Syrians at Ramah, and obliged to return to Jezreel ( kjv@2Kings:8:29 kjv@2Kings:9:14-15), and soon after the army proclaimed their leader Jehu king of Israel, and revolted from their allegiance to Jehoram ( 2Kings:9). Jehoram was pierced by an arrow from Jehu's bow on the piece of ground at Jezreel which Ahab had taken from Naboth, and there he died ( kjv@2Kings:9:21-29).
(5.) The eldest son and successor of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah. He reigned eight years (B.C. 892-885) alone as king of Judah, having been previously for some years associated with his father ( kjv@2Chronicals:21:5 kjv@2Chronicals:21:20 kjv@2Kings:8:16). His wife was Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. His daughter Jehosheba was married to the high priest Jehoiada. He sank into gross idolatry, and brought upon himself and his kingdom the anger of Jehovah. The Edomites revolted from under his yoke, and the Philistines and the Arabians and Cushites invaded the land, and carried away great spoil, along with Jehoram's wives and all his children, except Ahaziah. He died a painful death from a fearful malady, and was refused a place in the sepulchre of the kings ( kjv@2Kings:8:16-24; 2Chronicals:21).
Jehoshaphat @ Jehovah-judged.
(1.) One of David's body-guard ( kjv@1Chronicles:11:43).
(2.) One of the priests who accompanied the removal of the ark to Jerusalem ( kjv@1Chronicles:15:24).
(3.) Son of Ahilud, "recorder" or annalist under David and Solomon ( kjv@2Samuel:8:16), a state officer of high rank, chancellor or vizier of the kingdom.
(4.) Solomon's purveyor in Issachar (kjvKings:4:17).
(5.) The son and successor of Asa, king of Judah. After fortifying his kingdom against Israel ( kjv@2Chronicals:17:1-2), he set himself to cleanse the land of idolatry (kjvKings:22:43). In the third year of his reign he sent out priests and Levites over the land to instruct the people in the law ( kjv@2Chronicals:17:7-9). He enjoyed a great measure of peace and prosperity, the blessing of God resting on the people "in their basket and their store." The great mistake of his reign was his entering into an alliance with Ahab, the king of Israel, which involved him in much disgrace, and brought disaster on his kingdom (kjvKings:22:1-33). Escaping from the bloody battle of Ramoth-gilead, the prophet Jehu ( kjv@2Chronicals:19:1-3) reproached him for the course he had been pursuing, whereupon he entered with rigour on his former course of opposition to all idolatry, and of deepening interest in the worship of God and in the righteous government of the people ( kjv@2Chronicals:19:4-11). Again he entered into an alliance with Ahaziah, the king of Israel, for the purpose of carrying on maritime commerce with Ophir. But the fleet that was then equipped at Ezion-gaber was speedily wrecked. A new fleet was fitted out without the co-operation of the king of Israel, and although it was successful, the trade was not prosecuted ( kjv@2Chronicals:20:35-37; kjvKings:22:48-49). He subsequently joined Jehoram, king of Israel, in a war against the Moabites, who were under tribute to Israel. This war was successful. The Moabites were subdued; but the dreadful act of Mesha in offering his own son a sacrifice on the walls of Kir-haresheth in the sight of the armies of Israel filled him with horror, and he withdrew and returned to his own land ( kjv@2Kings:3:4-27). The last most notable event of his reign was that recorded in kjv@2Chronicals:20. The Moabites formed a great and powerful confederacy with the surrounding nations, and came against Jehoshaphat. The allied forces were encamped at Engedi. The king and his people were filled with alarm, and betook themselves to God in prayer. The king prayed in the court of the temple, "O our God, wilt thou not judge them? for we have no might against this great company that cometh against us." Amid the silence that followed, the voice of Jahaziel the Levite was heard announcing that on the morrow all this great host would be overthrown. So it was, for they quarrelled among themselves, and slew one another, leaving to the people of Judah only to gather the rich spoils of the slain. This was recognized as a great deliverance wrought for them by God (B.C. 890). Soon after this Jehoshaphat died, after a reign of twenty-five years, being sixty years of age, and was succeeded by his son Jehoram (kjvKings:22:50). He had this testimony, that "he sought the Lord with all his heart" ( kjv@2Chronicals:22:9). The kingdom of Judah was never more prosperous than under his reign.
(6.) The son of Nimshi, and father of Jehu, king of Israel ( kjv@2Kings:9:2 kjv@2Kings:9:14).
Jehoshaphat, Valley of @ mentioned in Scripture only in kjv@Joel:3:2 kjv@Joel:3:12. This is the name given in modern times to the valley between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives, and the Kidron flows through it. Here Jehoshaphat overthrew the confederated enemies of Israel kjv@Psalms:83:6-8); and in this valley also God was to overthrow the Tyrians, Zidonians, etc. kjv@Joel:3:4 kjv@Joel:3:19), with an utter overthrow. This has been fulfilled; but Joel speaks of the final conflict, when God would destroy all Jerusalem's enemies, of whom Tyre and Zidon, etc., were types. The "valley of Jehoshaphat" may therefore be simply regarded as a general term for the theatre of God's final judgments on the enemies of Israel. This valley has from ancient times been used by the Jews as a burial-ground. It is all over paved with flat stones as tombstones, bearing on them Hebrew inscriptions.
Jehosheba @ Jehovah-swearing, the daughter of Jehoram, the king of Israel. She is called Jehoshabeath in kjv@2Chronicals:22:11. She was the only princess of the royal house who was married to a high priest, Jehoiada ( kjv@2Chronicals:22:11).
Jehovah @ the special and significant name (not merely an appellative title such as Lord adonai) by which God revealed himself to the ancient Hebrews kjv@Exodus:6:2-3). This name, the Tetragrammaton of the Greeks, was held by the later Jews to be so sacred that it was never pronounced except by the high priest on the great Day of Atonement, when he entered into the most holy place. Whenever this name occurred in the sacred books they pronounced it, as they still do, "Adonai" (i.e., Lord), thus using another word in its stead. The Massorets gave to it the vowel-points appropriate to this word. This Jewish practice was founded on a false interpretation of kjv@Leviticus:24:16. The meaning of the word appears from kjv@Exodus:3:14 to be "the unchanging, eternal, self-existent God," the "I am that I am," a convenant-keeping God. (Comp. kjv@Malachi:3:6; kjv@Hosea:12:5; kjv@Revelation:1:4 kjv@Revelation:1:8.) The Hebrew name "Jehovah" is generally translated in the Authorized Version (and the Revised Version has not departed from this rule) by the word LORD printed in small capitals, to distinguish it from the rendering of the Hebrew Adonai and the Greek Kurios, which are also rendered Lord, but printed in the usual type. The Hebrew word is translated "Jehovah" only in kjv@Exodus:6:3; kjv@Psalms:83:18; kjv@Isaiah:12:2 kjv@Isaiah:26:4, and in the compound names mentioned below. It is worthy of notice that this name is never used in the LXX., the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Apocrypha, or in the New Testament. It is found, however, on the "Moabite stone" (q.v.), and consequently it must have been in the days of Mesba so commonly pronounced by the Hebrews as to be familiar to their heathen neighbours.
Jehovah-jireh @ Jehovah will see; i.e., will provide, the name given by Abraham to the scene of his offering up the ram which was caught in the thicket on Mount Moriah. The expression used in kjv@Genesis:22:14, "in the mount of the Lord it shall be seen," has been regarded as equivalent to the saying, "Man's extremity is God's opportunity."
Jehovah-nissi @ Jehovah my banner, the title given by Moses to the altar which he erected on the hill on the top of which he stood with uplifted hands while Israel prevailed over their enemies the Amalekites kjv@Exodus:17:15).
Jehovah-shalom @ Jehovah send peace, the name which Gideon gave to the altar he erected on the spot at Ophrah where the angel appeared to him kjv@Judges:6:24).
Jehovah-shammah @ Jehovah is there, the symbolical title given by Ezekiel to Jerusalem, which was seen by him in vision kjv@Ezekiel:48:35). It was a type of the gospel Church.
Jehovah-tsidkenu @ Jehovah our rightousness, rendered in the Authorized Version, "The LORD our righteousness," a title given to the Messiah kjv@Jeremiah:23:6, marg.), and also to Jerusalem (33:16, marg.).
Jehozabad @ Jehovah-given.
(1.) The son of Obed-edom ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:4), one of the Levite porters.
(2.) The son of Shomer, one of the two conspirators who put king Jehoash to death in Millo in Jerusalem ( kjv@2Kings:12:21).
(3.) kjv@2Chronicals:17:18.
Jehozadak @ Jehovah-justified, the son of the high priest Seraiah at the time of the Babylonian exile ( kjv@1Chronicles:6:14-15). He was carried into captivity by Nebuchadnezzar, and probably died in Babylon. He was the father of Jeshua, or Joshua, who returned with Zerubbabel.
Jehu @ Jehovah is he.
(1.) The son of Obed, and father of Azariah ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:38).
(2.) One of the Benjamite slingers that joined David at Ziklag ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:3).
(3.) The son of Hanani, a prophet of Judah (kjvKings:16:1,7; kjv@2Chronicals:19:2 kjv@2Chronicals:20:34), who pronounced the sentence of God against Baasha, the king of Israel.
(4.) King of Israel, the son of Jehoshaphat ( kjv@2Kings:9:2), and grandson of Nimshi. The story of his exaltation to the throne is deeply interesting. During the progress of a war against the Syrians, who were becoming more and more troublesome to Israel, in a battle at Ramoth-gilead Jehoram, the king of Israel, had been wounded; and leaving his army there, had returned to Jezreel, whither his ally, Ahaziah, king of Judah, had also gone on a visit of sympathy with him ( kjv@2Kings:8:28-29). The commanders, being left in charge of the conduct of the war, met in council; and while engaged in their deliberations, a messenger from Elisha appeared in the camp, and taking Jehu from the council, led him into a secret chamber, and there anointed him king over Israel, and immediately retired and disappeared ( kjv@2Kings:9:5-6). On being interrogated by his companions as to the object of this mysterious visitor, he informed them of what had been done, when immediately, with the utmost enthusiasm, they blew their trumpets and proclaimed him king ( kjv@2Kings:9:11-14). He then with a chosen band set forth with all speed to Jezreel, where, with his own hand, he slew Jehoram, shooting him through the heart with an arrow (9:24). The king of Judah, when trying to escape, was fatally wounded by one of Jehu's soldiers at Beth-gan. On entering the city, Jehu commanded the eunchs of the royal palace to cast down Jezebel into the street, where her mangled body was trodden under foot by the horses. Jehu was now master of Jezreel, whence he communicated with the persons in authority in Samaria the capital, commanding them to appear before him on the morrow with the heads of all the royal princes of Samaria. Accordingly on the morrow seventy heads were piled up in two heaps at his gate. At "the shearing-house" ( kjv@2Kings:10:12-14) other forty-two connected with the house of Ahab were put to death ( kjv@2Kings:10:14). As Jehu rode on toward Samaria, he met Jehonadab (q.v.), whom he took into his chariot, and they entered the capital together. By a cunning stratagem he cut off all the worshippers of Baal found in Samaria ( kjv@2Kings:10:19-25), and destroyed the temple of the idol ( kjv@2Kings:10:27). Notwithstanding all this apparent zeal for the worship of Jehovah, Jehu yet tolerated the worship of the golden calves at Dan and Bethel. For this the divine displeasure rested upon him, and his kingdom suffered disaster in war with the Syrians ( kjv@2Kings:10:29-33). He died after a reign of twenty-eight years (B.C. 884-856), and was buried in Samaria (10:34-36). "He was one of those decisive, terrible, and ambitious, yet prudent, calculating, and passionless men whom God from time to time raises up to change the fate of empires and execute his judgments on the earth." He was the first Jewish king who came in contact with the Assyrian power in the time of Shalmaneser II.
Jehucal @ able, the son of Shelemiah. He is also called Jucal kjv@Jeremiah:38:1). He was one of the two persons whom Zedekiah sent to request the prophet Jeremiah to pray for the kingdom kjv@Jeremiah:37:3) during the time of its final siege by Nebuchadnezzar. He was accompanied by Zephaniah (q.v.).
Jehudi @ a Jew, son of Nethaniah. He was sent by the princes to invite Baruch to read Jeremiah's roll to them kjv@Jeremiah:36:14 kjv@Jeremiah:36:21).
Jeiel @ snatched away by God.
(1.) A descendant of Benjamin ( kjv@1Chronicles:9:35 kjv@1Chronicles:8:29).
(2.) One of the Levites who took part in praising God on the removal of the ark to Jerusalem ( kjv@1Chronicles:16:5).
(3.) kjv@2Chronicals:29:13. A Levite of the sons of Asaph.
(4.) kjv@2Chronicals:26:11. A scribe.
(5.) kjv@1Chronicles:5:7. A Reubenite chief.
(6.) One of the chief Levites, who made an offering for the restoration of the Passover by Josiah ( kjv@2Chronicals:35:9).
(7.) kjv@Ezra:8:13.
(8.) kjv@Ezra:10:43.
Jemima @ dove, the eldest of Job's three daughters born after his time of trial kjv@Job:42:14).
Jephthah @ whom God sets free, or the breaker through, a "mighty man of valour" who delivered Israel from the oppression of the Ammonites kjv@Judges:11:1-33), and judged Israel six years (12:7). He has been described as "a wild, daring, Gilead mountaineer, a sort of warrior Elijah." After forty-five years of comparative quiet Israel again apostatized, and in "process of time the children of Ammon made war against Israel" (11:5). In their distress the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob, to which he had fled when driven out wrongfully by his brothers from his father's inheritance
(2), and the people made him their head and captain. The "elders of Gilead" in their extremity summoned him to their aid, and he at once undertook the conduct of the war against Ammon. Twice he sent an embassy to the king of Ammon, but in vain. War was inevitable. The people obeyed his summons, and "the spirit of the Lord came upon him." Before engaging in war he vowed that if successful he would offer as a "burnt-offering" whatever would come out of the door of his house first to meet him on his return. The defeat of the Ammonites was complete. "He smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards [Heb. 'Abel Keramim], with a very great slaughter" kjv@Judges:11:33). The men of Ephraim regarded themselves as insulted in not having been called by Jephthah to go with him to war against Ammon. This led to a war between the men of Gilead and Ephraim (12:4), in which many of the Ephraimites perished. (
See SHIBBOLETH.) "Then died Jephthah the Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead"
(7).
Jephthah's vow @ kjv@Judges:11:30-31). After a crushing defeat of the Ammonites, Jephthah returned to his own house, and the first to welcome him was his own daughter. This was a terrible blow to the victor, and in his despair he cried out, "Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low...I have opened my mouth unto the Lord, and cannot go back." With singular nobleness of spirit she answered, "Do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth." She only asked two months to bewail her maidenhood with her companions upon the mountains. She utters no reproach against her father's rashness, and is content to yield her life since her father has returned a conqueror. But was it so? Did Jephthah offer up his daughter as a "burnt-offering"? This question has been much debated, and there are many able commentators who argue that such a sacrifice was actually offered. We are constrained, however, by a consideration of Jephthah's known piety as a true worshipper of Jehovah, his evident acquaintance with the law of Moses, to which such sacrifices were abhorrent kjv@Leviticus:18:21 kjv@Leviticus:20:2-5; kjv@Deuteronomy:12:31), and the place he holds in the roll of the heroes of the faith in the Epistle to the Hebrews (11:32), to conclude that she was only doomed to a life of perpetual celibacy.
Jephunneh @ nimble, or a beholder.
(1.) The father of Caleb, who was Joshua's companion in exploring Canaan kjv@Numbers:13:6), a Kenezite kjv@Joshua:14:14).
(2.) One of the descendants of Asher ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:38).
Jerahmeel @ loving God.
(1.) The son of Hezron, the brother of Caleb ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:9 kjv@1Chronicles:2:25, 26, etc.).
(2.) The son of Kish, a Levite ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:29).
(3.) Son of Hammelech kjv@Jeremiah:36:26).
Jeremiah @ raised up or appointed by Jehovah.
(1.) A Gadite who joined David in the wilderness ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:10).
(2.) A Gadite warrior ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:13).
(3.) A Benjamite slinger who joined David at Ziklag ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:4).
(4.) One of the chiefs of the tribe of Manasseh on the east of Jordan ( kjv@1Chronicles:5:24).
(5.) The father of Hamutal ( kjv@2Kings:23:31), the wife of Josiah.
(6.) One of the "greater prophets" of the Old Testament, son of Hilkiah (q.v.), a priest of Anathoth kjv@Jeremiah:1:1 kjv@Jeremiah:32:6). He was called to the prophetical office when still young (1:6), in the thirteenth year of Josiah (B.C. 628). He left his native place, and went to reside in Jerusalem, where he greatly assisted Josiah in his work of reformation ( kjv@2Kings:23:1-25). The death of this pious king was bewailed by the prophet as a national calamity ( kjv@2Chronicals:35:25). During the three years of the reign of Jehoahaz we find no reference to Jeremiah, but in the beginning of the reign of Jehoiakim the enmity of the people against him broke out in bitter persecution, and he was placed apparently under restraint kjv@Jeremiah:36:5). In the fourth year of Jehoiakim he was commanded to write the predictions given to him, and to read them to the people on the fast-day. This was done by Baruch his servant in his stead, and produced much public excitement. The roll was read to the king. In his recklessness he seized the roll, and cut it to pieces, and cast it into the fire, and ordered both Baruch and Jeremiah to be apprehended. Jeremiah procured another roll, and wrote in it the words of the roll the king had destroyed, and "many like words" besides kjv@Jeremiah:36:32). He remained in Jerusalem, uttering from time to time his words of warning, but without effect. He was there when Nebuchadnezzar besieged the city kjv@Jeremiah:37:4-5), B.C. 589. The rumour of the approach of the Egyptians to aid the Jews in this crisis induced the Chaldeans to withdraw and return to their own land. This, however, was only for a time. The prophet, in answer to his prayer, received a message from God announcing that the Chaldeans would come again and take the city, and burn it with fire (37:7-8). The princes, in their anger at such a message by Jeremiah, cast him into prison (37:15-38:13). He was still in confinement when the city was taken (B.C. 588). The Chaldeans released him, and showed him great kindness, allowing him to choose the place of his residence. He accordingly went to Mizpah with Gedaliah, who had been made governor of Judea. Johanan succeeded Gedaliah, and refusing to listen to Jeremiah's counsels, went down into Egypt, taking Jeremiah and Baruch with him kjv@Jeremiah:43:6). There probably the prophet spent the remainder of his life, in vain seeking still to turn the people to the Lord, from whom they had so long revolted
(44). He lived till the reign of Evil
- Merodach, son of Nebuchadnezzar, and must have been about ninety years of age at his death. We have no authentic record of his death. He may have died at Tahpanhes, or, according to a tradition, may have gone to Babylon with the army of Nebuchadnezzar; but of this there is nothing certain.
Jeremiah, Book of @ consists of twenty-three separate and independent sections, arranged in five books. I. The introduction, ch. 1. II. Reproofs of the sins of the Jews, consisting of seven sections,
(1.) ch. 2;
(2.) ch. 3-6;
(3.) ch. 7-10;
(4.) ch. 11-13;
(5.) ch. 14-17:18;
(6.) ch. 17:19-ch. 20;
(7.) ch. 21-24. III. A general review of all nations, in two sections,
(1.) ch. 46-49;
(2.) ch. 25; with an historical appendix of three sections,
(1.) ch. 26;
(2.) ch. 27;
(3.) ch. 28, 29. IV. Two sections picturing the hopes of better times,
(1.) ch. 30, 31;
(2.) ch. 32-33; to which is added an historical appendix in three sections,
(1.) ch. 34:1-7;
(2.) ch. 34:8-22;
(3.) ch. 35. V. The conclusion, in two sections,
(1.) ch. 36;
(2.) ch. 45. In Egypt, after an interval, Jeremiah is supposed to have added three sections, viz., ch. 37-39; 40-43; and 44. The principal Messianic prophecies are found in 23:1-8; 31:31-40; and 33:14-26. Jeremiah's prophecies are noted for the frequent repetitions found in them of the same words and phrases and imagery. They cover the period of about 30 years. They are not recorded in the order of time. When and under what circumstances this book assumed its present form we know not. The LXX. Version of this book is, in its arrangement and in other particulars, singularly at variance with the original. The LXX. omits 10:6-8; 27:19-22; 29:16-20; 33:14-26; 39:4-13; 52:2-3, 15, 28-30, etc. About 2,700 words in all of the original are omitted. These omissions, etc., are capricious and arbitrary, and render the version unreliable.
Jericho @ place of fragrance, a fenced city in the midst of a vast grove of palm trees, in the plain of Jordan, over against the place where that river was crossed by the Israelites kjv@Joshua:3:16). Its site was near the 'Ain es
- Sultan, Elisha's Fountain ( kjv@2Kings:2:19-22), about 5 miles west of Jordan. It was the most important city in the Jordan valley kjv@Numbers:22:1 kjv@Numbers:34:15), and the strongest fortress in all the land of Canaan. It was the key to Western Palestine. This city was taken in a very remarkable manner by the Israelites Joshua:6). God gave it into their hands. The city was "accursed" (Heb. herem, "devoted" to Jehovah), and accordingly kjv@Joshua:6:17; comp. kjv@Leviticus:27:28-29; kjv@Deuteronomy:13:16) all the inhabitants and all the spoil of the city were to be destroyed, "only the silver, and the gold, and the vessels of brass and of iron" were reserved and "put into the treasury of the house of Jehovah" kjv@Joshua:6:24; comp. kjv@Numbers:31:22-23, 50-54). Only Rahab "and her father's household, and all that she had," were preserved from destruction, according to the promise of the spies kjv@Joshua:2:14). In one of the Amarna tablets Adoni-zedec (q.v.) writes to the king of Egypt informing him that the 'Abiri (Hebrews) had prevailed, and had taken the fortress of Jericho, and were plundering "all the king's lands." It would seem that the Egyptian troops had before this been withdrawn from Palestine. This city was given to the tribe of Benjamin kjv@Joshua:18:21), and it was inhabited in the time of the Judges kjv@Judges:3:13; kjv@2Samuel:10:5). It is not again mentioned till the time of David ( kjv@2Samuel:10:5). "Children of Jericho" were among the captives who returned under Zerubbabel kjv@Ezra:2:34; kjv@Nehemiah:7:36). Hiel (q.v.) the Bethelite attempted to make it once more a fortified city (kjvKings:16:34). Between the beginning and the end of his undertaking all his children were cut off. In New Testament times Jericho stood some distance to the south-east of the ancient one, and near the opening of the valley of Achor. It was a rich and flourishing town, having a considerable trade, and celebrated for the palm trees which adorned the plain around. It was visited by our Lord on his last journey to Jerusalem. Here he gave sight to two blind men kjv@Matthew:20:29-34; kjv@Mark:10:46-52), and brought salvation to the house of Zacchaeus the publican kjv@Luke:19:2-10). The poor hamlet of er
- Riha, the representative of modern Jericho, is situated some two miles farther to the east. It is in a ruinous condition, having been destroyed by the Turks in 1840. "The soil of the plain," about the middle of which the ancient city stood, "is unsurpassed in fertility; there is abundance of water for irrigation, and many of the old aqueducts are almost perfect; yet nearly the whole plain is waste and desolate...The climate of Jericho is exceedingly hot and unhealthy. This is accounted for by the depression of the plain, which is about 1-200 feet below the level of the sea." There were three different Jerichos, on three different sites, the Jericho of Joshua, the Jericho of Herod, and the Jericho of the Crusades. Er
- Riha, the modern Jericho, dates from the time of the Crusades. Dr. Bliss has found in a hollow scooped out for some purpose or other near the foot of the biggest mound above the Sultan's Spring specimens of Amorite or pre
- Israelitish pottery precisely identical with what he had discovered on the site of ancient Lachish. He also traced in this place for a short distance a mud brick wall in situ, which he supposes to be the very wall that fell before the trumpets of Joshua. The wall is not far from the foot of the great precipice of Quarantania and its numerous caverns, and the spies of Joshua could easily have fled from the city and been speedily hidden in these fastnesses.
Jerimoth @ heights.
(1.) One of the sons of Bela ( kjv@1Chronicles:7:7).
(2.) kjv@1Chronicles:24:30, a Merarite Levite.
(3.) A Benjamite slinger who joined David at Ziklag ( kjv@1Chronicles:12:5).
(4.) A Levitical musician under Heman his father ( kjv@1Chronicles:25:4).
(5.) kjv@1Chronicles:27:19, ruler of Naphtali.
(6.) One of David's sons ( kjv@2Chronicals:11:18).
(7.) A Levite, one of the overseers of the temple offerings ( kjv@2Chronicals:31:13) in the reign of Hezekiah.
Jeroboam @ increase of the people.
(1.) The son of Nebat (kjvKings:11:26-39), "an Ephrathite," the first king of the ten tribes, over whom he reigned twenty-two years (B.C. 976-945). He was the son of a widow of Zereda, and while still young was promoted by Solomon to be chief superintendent of the "burnden", i.e., of the bands of forced labourers. Influenced by the words of the prophet Ahijah, he began to form conspiracies with the view of becoming king of the ten tribes; but these having been discovered, he fled to Egypt (kjvKings:11:29-40), where he remained for a length of time under the protection of Shishak I. On the death of Solomon, the ten tribes, having revolted, sent to invite him to become their king. The conduct of Rehoboam favoured the designs of Jeroboam, and he was accordingly proclaimed "king of Israel" (kjvKings:12: 1-20). He rebuilt and fortified Shechem as the capital of his kingdom. He at once adopted means to perpetuate the division thus made between the two parts of the kingdom, and erected at Dan and Bethel, the two extremities of his kingdom, "golden calves," which he set up as symbols of Jehovah, enjoining the people not any more to go up to worship at Jerusalem, but to bring their offerings to the shrines he had erected. Thus he became distinguished as the man "who made Israel to sin." This policy was followed by all the succeeding kings of Israel. While he was engaged in offering incense at Bethel, a prophet from Judah appeared before him with a warning message from the Lord. Attempting to arrest the prophet for his bold words of defiance, his hand was "dried up," and the altar before which he stood was rent asunder. At his urgent entreaty his "hand was restored him again" (kjvKings:13:1-6, 9; comp. kjv@2Kings:23:15); but the miracle made no abiding impression on him. His reign was one of constant war with the house of Judah. He died soon after his son Abijah (kjvKings:14:1-18).
(2.) Jeroboam II., the son and successor of Jehoash, and the fourteenth king of Israel, over which he ruled for forty-one years, B.C. 825-784 ( kjv@2Kings:14:23). He followed the example of the first Jeroboam in keeping up the worship of the golden calves ( kjv@2Kings:14:24). His reign was contemporary with those of Amaziah ( kjv@2Kings:14:23) and Uzziah (15:1), kings of Judah. He was victorious over the Syrians (13:4; 14:26-27), and extended Israel to its former limits, from "the entering of Hamath to the sea of the plain" (14:25; kjv@Amos:6:14). His reign of forty-one years was the most prosperous that Israel had ever known as yet. With all this outward prosperity, however, iniquity widely prevailed in the land kjv@Amos:2:6-8 kjv@Amos:4:1 kjv@Amos:6:6 ; kjv@Hosea:4:12-14). The prophets Hosea (1:1), Joel (3:16; kjv@Amos:1:1-2), Amos (1:1), and Jonah ( kjv@2Kings:14:25) lived during his reign. He died, and was buried with his ancestors (14:29). He was succeeded by his son Zachariah (q.v.). His name occurs in Scripture only in kjv@2Kings:13:13 kjv@2Kings:14:16 kjv@2Kings:14:23, 27, 28, 29; 15:1,8; kjv@1Chronicles:5:17; kjv@Hosea:1:1; kjv@Amos:1:1 kjv@Amos:7:9-10, 11. In all other passages it is Jeroboam the son of Nebat that is meant.
Jeroham @ cherished; who finds mercy.
(1.) Father of Elkanah, and grandfather of the prophet Samuel ( kjv@1Samuel:1:1).
(2.) The father of Azareel, the "captain" of the tribe of Dan ( kjv@1Chronicles:27:22).
(3.) kjv@1Chronicles:12:7; a Benjamite.
(4.) kjv@2Chronicals:23:1; one whose son assisted in placing Joash on the throne.
(5.) kjv@1Chronicles:9:8; a Benjamite.
(6.) kjv@1Chronicles:9:12; a priest, perhaps the same as in kjv@Nehemiah:11:12.
Jerubbaal @ contender with Baal; or, let Baal plead, a surname of Gideon; a name given to him because he destroyed the altar of Baal kjv@Judges:6:32 kjv@Judges:7:1 kjv@Judges:8:29 ; kjv@1Samuel:12:11).
Jerubbesheth @ contender with the shame; i.e., idol, a surname also of Gideon ( kjv@2Samuel:11:21).
Jeruel @ founded by God, a "desert" on the ascent from the valley of the Dead Sea towards Jerusalem. It lay beyond the wilderness of Tekoa, in the direction of Engedi ( kjv@2Chronicals:20:16 kjv@2Chronicals:20:20). It corresponds with the tract of country now called el
- Hasasah.
Jerusalem @ called also Salem, Ariel, Jebus, the "city of God," the "holy city;" by the modern Arabs el
- Khuds, meaning "the holy;" once "the city of Judah" ( kjv@2Chronicals:25:28). This name is in the original in the dual form, and means "possession of peace," or "foundation of peace." The dual form probably refers to the two mountains on which it was built, viz., Zion and Moriah; or, as some suppose, to the two parts of the city, the "upper" and the "lower city." Jerusalem is a "mountain city enthroned on a mountain fastness" (comp. kjv@Psalms:68:15-16 kjv@Psalms:87:1 kjv@Psalms:125:2 ; 76:1-2; 122:3). It stands on the edge of one of the highest table-lands in Palestine, and is surrounded on the south-eastern, the southern, and the western sides by deep and precipitous ravines. It is first mentioned in Scripture under the name Salem kjv@Genesis:14:18; comp. kjv@Psalms:76:2). When first mentioned under the name Jerusalem, Adonizedek was its king kjv@Joshua:10:1). It is afterwards named among the cities of Benjamin kjv@Judges:19:10; kjv@1Chronicles:11:4); but in the time of David it was divided between Benjamin and Judah. After the death of Joshua the city was taken and set on fire by the men of Judah kjv@Judges:1:1-8); but the Jebusites were not wholly driven out of it. The city is not again mentioned till we are told that David brought the head of Goliath thither ( kjv@1Samuel:17:54). David afterwards led his forces against the Jebusites still residing within its walls, and drove them out, fixing his own dwelling on Zion, which he called "the city of David" ( kjv@2Samuel:5:5-9; kjv@1Chronicles:11:4-8). Here he built an altar to the Lord on the threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite ( kjv@2Samuel:24:15-25), and thither he brought up the ark of the covenant and placed it in the new tabernacle which he had prepared for it. Jerusalem now became the capital of the kingdom. After the death of David, Solomon built the temple, a house for the name of the Lord, on Mount Moriah (B.C. 1010). He also greatly strengthened and adorned the city, and it became the great centre of all the civil and religious affairs of the nation kjv@Deuteronomy:12:5; comp. 12:14; 14:23; 16:11-16; Psalms:122). After the disruption of the kingdom on the accession to the throne of Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, Jerusalem became the capital of the kingdom of the two tribes. It was subsequently often taken and retaken by the Egyptians, the Assyrians, and by the kings of Israel ( kjv@2Kings:14:13-14 kjv@2Kings:18:15-16 kjv@2Kings:23:33 -35; 24:14; kjv@2Chronicals:12:9 kjv@2Chronicals:26:9 kjv@2Chronicals:27:3 -4; 29:3; 32:30; 33:11), till finally, for the abounding iniquities of the nation, after a siege of three years, it was taken and utterly destroyed, its walls razed to the ground, and its temple and palaces consumed by fire, by Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon ( kjv@2Kings:25; 2Chronicals:36; Jeremiah:39), B.C. 588. The desolation of the city and the land was completed by the retreat of the principal Jews into Egypt Jeremiah:40-44), and by the final carrying captive into Babylon of all that still remained in the land (52:3), so that it was left without an inhabitant (B.C. 582). Compare the predictions, kjv@Deuteronomy:28; Leviticus:26:14-39. But the streets and walls of Jerusalem were again to be built, in troublous times kjv@Daniel:9:16 kjv@Daniel:9:19, 25), after a captivity of seventy years. This restoration was begun B.C. 536, "in the first year of Cyrus" kjv@Ezra:1:2-3, 5-11). The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah contain the history of the re-building of the city and temple, and the restoration of the kingdom of the Jews, consisting of a portion of all the tribes. The kingdom thus constituted was for two centuries under the dominion of Persia, till B.C. 331; and thereafter, for about a century and a half, under the rulers of the Greek empire in Asia, till B.C. 167. For a century the Jews maintained their independence under native rulers, the Asmonean princes. At the close of this period they fell under the rule of Herod and of members of his family, but practically under Rome, till the time of the destruction of Jerusalem, A.D. 70. The city was then laid in ruins. The modern Jerusalem by-and-by began to be built over the immense beds of rubbish resulting from the overthrow of the ancient city; and whilst it occupies certainly the same site, there are no evidences that even the lines of its streets are now what they were in the ancient city. Till A.D. 131 the Jews who still lingered about Jerusalem quietly submitted to the Roman sway. But in that year the emperor (Hadrian), in order to hold them in subjection, rebuilt and fortified the city. The Jews, however, took possession of it, having risen under the leadership of one Bar
- Chohaba (i.e., "the son of the star") in revolt against the Romans. Some four years afterwards (A.D. 135), however, they were driven out of it with great slaughter, and the city was again destroyed; and over its ruins was built a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina, a name which it retained till it fell under the dominion of the Mohammedans, when it was called el
- Khuds, i.e., "the holy." In A.D. 326 Helena, mother of the emperor Constantine, made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem with the view of discovering the places mentioned in the life of our Lord. She caused a church to be built on what was then supposed to be the place of the nativity at Bethlehem. Constantine, animated by her example, searched for the holy sepulchre, and built over the supposed site a magnificent church, which was completed and dedicated A.D. 335. He relaxed the laws against the Jews till this time in force, and permitted them once a year to visit the city and wail over the desolation of "the holy and beautiful house." In A.D. 614 the Persians, after defeating the Roman forces of the emperor Heraclius, took Jerusalem by storm, and retained it till A.D. 637, when it was taken by the Arabians under the Khalif Omar. It remained in their possession till it passed, in A.D. 960, under the dominion of the Fatimite khalifs of Egypt, and in A.D. 1073 under the Turcomans. In A.D. 1099 the crusader Godfrey of Bouillon took the city from the Moslems with great slaughter, and was elected king of Jerusalem. He converted the Mosque of Omar into a Christian cathedral. During the eighty-eight years which followed, many churches and convents were erected in the holy city. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre was rebuilt during this period, and it alone remains to this day. In A.D. 1187 the sultan Saladin wrested the city from the Christians. From that time to the present day, with few intervals, Jerusalem has remained in the hands of the Moslems. It has, however, during that period been again and again taken and retaken, demolished in great part and rebuilt, no city in the world having passed through so many vicissitudes. In the year 1850 the Greek and Latin monks residing in Jerusalem had a fierce dispute about the guardianship of what are called the "holy places." In this dispute the emperor Nicholas of Russia sided with the Greeks, and Louis Napoleon, the emperor of the French, with the Latins. This led the Turkish authorities to settle the question in a way unsatisfactory to Russia. Out of this there sprang the Crimean War, which was protracted and sanguinary, but which had important consequences in the way of breaking down the barriers of Turkish exclusiveness. Modern Jerusalem "lies near the summit of a broad mountain-ridge, which extends without interruption from the plain of Esdraelon to a line drawn between the southern end of the Dead Sea and the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean." This high, uneven table-land is everywhere from 20 to 25 geographical miles in breadth. It was anciently known as the mountains of Ephraim and Judah. "Jerusalem is a city of contrasts, and differs widely from Damascus, not merely because it is a stone town in mountains, whilst the latter is a mud city in a plain, but because while in Damascus Moslem religion and Oriental custom are unmixed with any foreign element, in Jerusalem every form of religion, every nationality of East and West, is represented at one time." Jerusalem is first mentioned under that name in the Book of Joshua, and the Tell-el
- Amarna collection of tablets includes six letters from its Amorite king to Egypt, recording the attack of the Abiri about B.C. 1480. The name is there spelt Uru
- Salim ("city of peace"). Another monumental record in which the Holy City is named is that of Sennacherib's attack in B.C. 702. The "camp of the Assyrians" was still shown about A.D. 70, on the flat ground to the north-west, included in the new quarter of the city. The city of David included both the upper city and Millo, and was surrounded by a wall built by David and Solomon, who appear to have restored the original Jebusite fortifications. The name Zion (or Sion) appears to have been, like Ariel ("the hearth of God"), a poetical term for Jerusalem, but in the Greek age was more specially used of the Temple hill. The priests' quarter grew up on Ophel, south of the Temple, where also was Solomon's Palace outside the original city of David. The walls of the city were extended by Jotham and Manasseh to include this suburb and the Temple ( kjv@2Chronicals:27:3 kjv@2Chronicals:33:14). Jerusalem is now a town of some 50,000 inhabitants, with ancient mediaeval walls, partly on the old lines, but extending less far to the south. The traditional sites, as a rule, were first shown in the 4th and later centuries A.D., and have no authority. The results of excavation have, however, settled most of the disputed questions, the limits of the Temple area, and the course of the old walls having been traced.
Jerusha @ possession, or possessed; i.e., "by a husband", the wife of Uzziah, and mother of king Jotham ( kjv@2Kings:15:33).
Jeshaiah @ deliverance of Jehovah.
(1.) A Kohathite Levite, the father of Joram, of the family of Eliezer ( kjv@1Chronicles:26:25); called also Isshiah (24:21).
(2.) One of the sons of Jeduthum ( kjv@1Chronicles:25:3 kjv@1Chronicles:25:15).
(3.) One of the three sons of Hananiah ( kjv@1Chronicles:3:21).
(4.) Son of Athaliah kjv@Ezra:8:7).
(5.) A Levite of the family of Merari (8:19).
Jeshanah @ a city of the kingdom of Israel ( kjv@2Chronicals:13:19).
Jesharelah @ upright towards God, the head of the seventh division of Levitical musicians ( kjv@1Chronicles:25:14).
Jeshebeab @ seat of his father, the head of the fourteenth division of priests ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:13).
Jesher @ uprightness, the first of the three sons of Caleb by Azubah ( kjv@1Chronicles:2:18).
Jeshimon @ the waste, probably some high waste land to the south of the Dead Sea kjv@Numbers:21:20 kjv@Numbers:23:28; kjv@1Samuel:23:19 kjv@1Samuel:23:24); or rather not a proper name at all, but simply "the waste" or "wilderness," the district on which the plateau of Ziph (q.v.) looks down.
Jeshua @
(1.) Head of the ninth priestly order kjv@Ezra:2:36); called also Jeshuah ( kjv@1Chronicles:24:11).
(2.) A Levite appointed by Hezekiah to distribute offerings in the priestly cities ( kjv@2Chronicals:31:15).
(3.) kjv@Ezra:2:6; kjv@Nehemiah:7:11.
(4.) kjv@Ezra:2:40; kjv@Nehemiah:7:43.
(5.) The son of Jozadak, and high priest of the Jews under Zerubbabel kjv@Nehemiah:7:7 kjv@Nehemiah:12:1 kjv@Nehemiah:12:7, 10, 26); called Joshua kjv@Haggai:1:1 kjv@Haggai:1:12 kjv@Haggai:2:2-4; kjv@Zechariah:3:1-3, 6, 8, 9).
(6.) A Levite kjv@Ezra:8:33).
(7.) kjv@Nehemiah:3:19.
(8.) A Levite who assisted in the reformation under Nehemiah (8:7; 9:4-5).
(9.) Son of Kadmiel kjv@Nehemiah:12:24).
(10.) A city of Judah kjv@Nehemiah:11:26).
(11.) kjv@Nehemiah:8:17; Joshua, the son of Nun.
Jeshurun @ a poetical name for the people of Israel, used in token of affection, meaning, "the dear upright people" kjv@Deuteronomy:32:15 kjv@Deuteronomy:33:5 kjv@Deuteronomy:33:26; kjv@Isaiah:44:2).
Jesse @ firm, or a gift, a son of Obed, the son of Boaz and Ruth kjv@Ruth:4:17 kjv@Ruth:4:22 kjv@Matthew:1:5-6; kjv@Luke:3:32). He was the father of eight sons, the youngest of whom was David ( kjv@1Samuel:17:12). The phrase "stem of Jesse" is used for the family of David kjv@Isaiah:11:1), and "root of Jesse" for the Messiah kjv@Isaiah:11:10; kjv@Revelation:5:5). Jesse was a man apparently of wealth and position at Bethlehem ( kjv@1Samuel:17:17-18, 20; kjv@Psalms:78:71). The last reference to him is of David's procuring for him an asylum with the king of Moab ( kjv@1Samuel:22:3).
Jesus @